What is Bitcoin Selfish mining?
Antonio Madeira 26 Jul 2018
Selfish is an attack on the integrity of the Bitcoin network. This is where one miner,or mining pool, does not publish and distribute a valid solution to the rest of the network.
自私是对比特币网络完整性的攻击。
一个矿工或矿池不向网络的其余部分公布和分发一个有效的解。
The selfish miner then continues to mine the next block and so on maintaining its lead. When the rest of the network is about to catch up with the selfish miner, he, or they, then release here portion of solved blocks into the network.
自私的矿工然后继续挖掘下一个区块，继续保持他的领先地位。
当网络的其余部分即将赶上自私的矿工时，他才向网络释放已解出的区块。
The result is that their chain and proof of work is longer and more difficult so the rest of the network adopts their block solutions and they claim the block rewards.
结果是，他的链和工作量证明更长和更困难，因此，网络的其余部分采用他的区块解，他获得了区块奖励。
The selfish mining attack is a method for mining pools to increase their returns by not playing fair. Although this can be seen in some crypto currencies where pool shares are not so fairly distributed it is more difficult to carry off with Bitcoin.
自私挖矿攻击是矿池使用的一种方法：通过不公平的玩法，增加他们的回报。
虽然这可以在某些加密货币中看到，在那里，矿池份额不是完全分散的，但用比特币更难完成这个。
It is also advantageous for a mining pool to increase in size to be able to perform selfish mining. At over 51% of network power the returns earned by a selfish mining pool are justified as probabilistically they can maintain their advantage in terms of hashing the next block. As the mining pool controls the majority of the network hashing power it can also censor or nullify certain transactions essentially holding the network to ransom.
对一个矿池来说，增加能够执行自私挖矿的大小，也是有利的。
在超过51%的网络功率下，一个自私矿池所获得的回报是概率性的，它可以通过哈希下一个区块来维持它的优势。
由于矿池控制了网络哈希功率的大部分，它也可以审查或取消某些交易，本质上是把网络据为己有。
There have been BIPS, Bitcoin Improvement Proposals, to lower the probability of a selfish mining attack such as randomly assigning miners to various branches when a fork occurs – or alternatively providing a threshold limit to which a mining pool can reach. This is the same as Governments trying to halt natural monopolies to allow competition.
已经有BIPS，以降低自私挖矿攻击的概率，例如当分叉发生时，随机分配矿工给不同的分支，或者可以提供一个矿池所能达到的阈值限制。这与政府试图停止自然垄断以允许竞争的做法一样。
A further solution is to discriminate against a block depending on the timestamp it was released – so if a miner releases a long list of blocks in one shot – then the rest of the network would weight their validity against the timestamp they were hashed and the timestamp they were reported to the network.
另一种解决方案是根据时间戳来区分区块，这样，如果一个矿工在很短的时间内释放了很多区块，那么，网络的其余部分将根据区块被哈希的时间戳，以及区块被报告到网络上的时间戳，来对其## 标题 ##有效性进行加权。