接口测试-高级运用

1 类封装接口测试脚本

import requests,json

class SendMain():

    def __init__(self,url,method,headers=None,data=None):
        self.url = url
        self.headers = headers
        self.method = method
        self.data = data

    def send_get(self):
        res = requests.get(url=self.url)
        return res

    def send_post(self):
        res = requests.post(url=self.url, headers=self.headers, json=self.data)
        return res

    def send_main(self):
        if self.method == 'GET':
            res = self.send_get()
        else:
            res = self.send_post()
        return res

if __name__ == '__main__':
    u ='http://111.230.173.51:2018/app'
    h ={
            'sid':'1010',
            'partnerNo':'15601',
            'Content-Type':'application/json',
        }
    c ={
        "serviceHeader":{
            "sessionId":"",
            "userId":"",
            "deviceId":"990009263463478",
            "osType":"1",
            "version":"",
            "lang":""
          },
          "serviceBody":{}
         }
    res=SendMain(u,'POST',h,c)
    response = res.send_main()
    print(json.loads(response.text))

2 unittest模块

class TestGetSession(unittest.TestCase):
    u = 'http://111.230.173.51:2018/app'
    h = {
        'sid': '1010',
        'partnerNo': '15601',
        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
    }
    def setUp(self):
        pass

    def tearDown(self):
        pass

    def test_success(self):
        '''
        案例：成功创建会话
        :return:
        '''
        c = {
            "serviceHeader": {
                "sessionId": "",
                "userId": "",
                "deviceId": "9876543210",
                "osType": "1",
                "version": "",
                "lang": ""
            },
            "serviceBody": {}
        }
        res = SendMain(self.u,'POST',self.h,c)
        R = res.send_main()
        r = json.loads(R.text,encoding='utf-8')
        self.assertEqual(r['msg'], '请求成功', '测试失败')

    def test_failure(self):
        '''
        '设备号为空，会话创建失败'
        :return:
        '''
        c = {
            "serviceHeader": {
                "sessionId": "",
                "userId": "",
                "deviceId": "",
                "osType": "1",
                "version": "",
                "lang": ""
            },
            "serviceBody": {}
        }
        res = SendMain(self.u,'POST',self.h,c)
        R = res.send_main()
        r = json.loads(R.text,encoding='utf-8')
        self.assertEqual(r['msg'], '会话无效,请创建会话', '测试失败')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main(verbosity=2)

3 mock模块

将测试对象所依存的对象替换为虚构对象的库，该虚构对象的调用允许事后查看。

from mock import mock

R = res.send_main()  # R = mock.Mock(return_value=data)

5 封装常量

class global_var:
    #case_id
    Id = '0'
    request_name = '1'
    url = '2'
    run = '3'
    request_way = '4' header = '5' case_depend = '6' data_depend = '7' field_depend = '8' data = '9' expect = '10' result = '11' #获取caseid def get_id(): return global_var.Id #获取url def get_url(): return global_var.url def get_run(): return global_var.run def get_req_way(): return global_var.request_way def get_header(): return global_var.header def get_case_depend(): return global_var.case_depend def get_data_depend(): return global_var.data_depend def get_field_depend(): return global_var.field_depend def get_data(): return global_var.data def get_expect(): return global_var.expect def get_result(): return global_var.result def get_header_value(): return global_var.header

 5 封装excel模块

import xlrd
from xlutils.copy import copy

class OperationExcel:

    def __init__(self,file_dir=None,sheet_id=None):
        if file_dir:
            self.file_dir = file_dir
            self.sheet_id = sheet_id
        else:
            self.file_dir = 'C:\\Users\\zhouxy\\Desktop\\case1.xls'
            self.sheet_id = 0
        self.data =self.get_data()  #获取到sheet页的内容

    #获取sheet内容
    def get_data(self):
        data = xlrd.open_workbook(self.file_dir)
        table = data.sheet_by_index(self.sheet_id)
        return table

    #获取单元格的行数
    def get_lines(self):
        table = self.data
        return table.nrows

    #获取单元格内容
    def get_cell_value(self,row,col):
        return self.data.cell_value(row,col)

    #根据行号获取某行内容
    def get_row_value(self,row):
        return  self.data.row_values(row)

    #根据列号获取某列内容
    def get_col_value(self,col):
        return self.data.col_values(col)

    #根据caseid查找对应行的行号
    def get_row_data(self,caseId):
        num = 0
        cols_data = self.get_col_value(0)
        for col_data in cols_data:
            if caseId == col_data:
                return num
            num = num+1

    #根据caseId查找对应行的内容
    def get_col_data(self,caseId):
        row_num = self.get_row_data(caseId)
        row_data = self.get_row_value(row_num)
        return row_data

    #写入exce数据，使用xlutils.copy的方法
    def write_value(self,row,col,value):
        read_data = xlrd.open_workbook(self.file_dir)
        write_data = copy(read_data)
        sheet_data = write_data.get_sheet(0)
        sheet_data.write(row, col, value)
        write_data.save(self.file_dir)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    excel = OperationExcel()
    excel.write_value(1,1,'007')

6 封装json模块

import json

class OperationJson:

    def __init__(self,file_path=None):
        if file_path == None:
            self.file_path = '某个路径'
        else:
            self.file_path = file_path
        self.data = self.get_json()

    #获取json文件
    def read_json_data(self):
        with open(self.file_path,'r+') as f :
            data = json.loads(f)
            return data

    #根据key获取数据
    def get_json_data(self,key):
        return self.data[key]

    #写入json文件
    def write_json_data(self,data):
        with open(self.file_path,'a+') as f:
            f.write(json.dumps(data))

7 封装pymysql模块

import json
import pymysql.cursors  #python2.0中用使用MySQLdb

class OperationMysql:

    def __init__(self):
        self.conn = pymysql.connect(
            host ='111.230.173.51',
            port =3306,
            user ='sit_was',
            passwd ='sit_was321',
            db ='sit_wasdb',
            charset='utf8'
        )
        self.cur = self.conn.cursor() #使用cursor()方法创建一个游标对象

    #查询一条数据
    def search_one(self,sql):
        self.cur.execute(sql)  #使用execute()方法执行查询,查询到第一条数据
        res = self.cur.fetchone()   #使用fetchone()方法获取单条数据
        return res
        self.conn.close()   #关闭数据库连接

if __name__ == '__main__':
    db = OperationMysql()
    res = db.search_one('SELECT * FROM WAS_WFT_ORDER where order_no ="58e2cf3007b84f4084ff51319db99dac"')
    print(res)

8 封装逾期结果对比

import json,operator
class CommonUtil:

    #判断字符串1是否在字符串2中
    def is_contain(self,str1,str2):
        flag = None
        if str1 in str2:
            flag = True
        else:
            flag = False
        return flag

    #判断两个字典是否相等
    #isinstance() 函数来判断一个对象是否是一个已知的类型，类似 type()。
    #除此之外，sinstance() 会认为子类是一种父类类型，考虑继承关系。
    def is_equal_dict(self,dict1,dict2):
        if isinstance(dict1,str):
            dict1 = json.loads(dict1)
        if isinstance(dict2,str):
            dict2 = json.loads(dict2)
        return operator.eq(dict1,dict2)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    a = CommonUtil()
    print(a.is_equal_dict(json.dumps({'user':'zhouxy'}),{'user':'zhouxy'}))
    print(type(json.dumps({'user':'zhouxy'})))
    print(type({'user':'zhouxy'}))
    print(a.is_contain(json.dumps('zhou'),'zhouxy'))
    print(a.is_contain('zhou', 'zhouxy'))
    print(type(json.dumps('zhou')))
    print(type('zhouxy'))

未解决json.dumps之后的字符串对比：

9 封装获取数据

from excel_get_session import OperationExcel
from mysql_get_session import OperationMysql
from json_get_session import OperationJson
from config_get_session import global_var

class GetData:
    def __init__(self):
        self.oper_excel = OperationExcel()

    #获取是否执行
    def get_is_run(self,row):
        flag = None
        col = int(global_var.get_run())
        is_run = self.oper_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)
        if is_run == 'yes':
            flag = True
        else:
            flag = False
        return flag

    #获取是否携带header
    def get_is_header(self,row):
        flag = None
        col = int(global_var.get_header())
        is_header = self.oper_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)
        if is_header != '':
            flag = True
        else:
            flag = False
        return flag

    #获取请求方式
    def get_request_method(self,row):
        col = int(global_var.get_req_way())
        res_method = self.oper_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)
        return res_method

    # 获取url
    def get_request_url(self,row):
        col = int(global_var.get_url())
        url = self.opera_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)
        return url

    # 获取请求数据
    def get_request_data(self, row):
        col = int(global_var.get_data())
        data = self.opera_excel.get_cell_value(row, col)
        if data == '':
            return None
        return data

    # 通过获取关键字拿到data数据
    def get_data_for_json(self,row):
        opera_json = OperationJson()
        request_data = opera_json.get_data(self.get_request_data(row)) #请求数据是按关键字从json文件中获取
        return request_data

    # 获取预期结果
    def get_expect_data(self,row):
        col = int(global_var.get_expect())
        expect = self.opera_excel.get_cell_value(row, col)
        if expect == '':
            return None
        return expect

    #通过sql获取预期结果
    def get_expect_data_for_mysql(self,row):
        db = OperationMysql()
        sql = self.get_expect_data(row) #预期结果存储select语句
        res = OperationMysql.search_one(sql)
        return res

    #将实际结果回写到excel
    def write_result(self,row,value):
        col = int(global_var.get_result())
        self.oper_excel.write_value(row,col,value)

    # 获取依赖数据的key
    def get_depend_key(self,row):
        col = int(global_var.get_data_depend())
        depent_key = self.opera_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)
        if depent_key == "":
            return None
        else:
            return depent_key

    # 判断是否有case依赖
    def is_depend(self,row):
        col = int(global_var.get_case_depend())
        depend_case_id = self.opera_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)
        if depend_case_id == "":
            return None
        else:
            return depend_case_id

    # 获取数据依赖字段
    def get_depend_field(self,row):
        col = int(global_var.get_field_depend())
        data = self.opera_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)
        if data == "":
            return None
        else:
            return data

10 封装获取依赖数据

jsonpath_rw的应用：

安装：pip install jsonpath_rw

导入模块：from jsonpath_rw import jsonpath,parse

match.value返回数据是一个list，我们要获取特定的值

jsonpath_expr = parse(‘foo[*].baz‘)
data = {‘foo‘: [{‘baz‘: ‘news‘}, {‘baz‘: ‘music‘}]}
print([match.value for match in jsonpath_expr.find(data)][0])

运行结果：
news

from excel_get_session import OperationExcel
from data_get_session import GetData
from get_session import SendMain
import json
from jsonpath_rw import jsonpath,parse

class DependentData:
    def __init__(self,caseId):
        self.caseId = caseId
        self.opera_excel = OperationExcel()
        self.get_data = GetData()

    #执行依赖测试，获取结果
    def run_depend(self):
        row_num = self.opera_excel.get_row_data(self.caseId)
        req_data = self.get_data.get_data_for_json(row_num)
        req_method = self.get_data.get_request_method(row_num)
        req_header = self.get_data.get_is_header(row_num)
        req_url = self.get_data.get_request_url(row_num)
        R = SendMain(req_url,req_method,req_header,req_data)
        r = R.send_main()
        return json.loads(r)

     #根据依赖的key执行case的响应
    def get_depend_key(self,row):
        depend_key = self.get_data.get_depend_key(row)
        respouse = self.run_depend()
        jsonpath_expr = parse(respouse)
        return [match.value for match in jsonpath_expr.find(depend_key)][0]

11 执行测试用例

from get_session import SendMain
from data_get_session import GetData
from excel_get_session import OperationExcel
from dependent_get_session import DependentData
from util_get_session import CommonUtil

class RunTest():
    def __init__(self):
        self.send_main = SendMain()
        self.data = GetData

    def run_test(self):
        row_nums = OperationExcel.get_lines()
        for i in range(1,row_nums):
            is_run = self.data.get_is_run(i)
            if is_run:
                url = self.data.get_request_url(i)
                method = self.data.get_request_method(i)
                request_data = self.data.get_data_for_json(i)
                depend_case = self.data.is_depend(i)
                expect_res = self.data.get_expect_data_for_mysql(i)
                #依赖处理
                if depend_case != None:
                    self.depend_data = DependentData()
                    #根据依赖case执行获取对应key值的响应
                    depend_value = self.depend_data.get_depend_key(i)
                    #获取依赖的字段
                    depend_key = self.data.get_depend_field(i)
                    request_data[depend_key] = depend_value
                    res = self.send_main.send_main(url, method, request_data)
                else:
                    res = self.send_main.send_main(url,method,request_data)
                #回写结果
                if CommonUtil.is_equal_dict(expect_res,res):
                    self.data.write_result(i,'pass')
                else:
                    self.data.write_result(i,res)