linux上的mysql安装--yum本地安装方式

一、Linux服务器yum安装（CentOS6.3 64位）
所有在服务器上执行的命令，都在 # 后面
1、命令安装mysql
# yum install mysql mysql-server mysql-devel -y
最后提示 Complete! 表示安装成功

2、查看是否生成了mysqld服务, 并设置随机启动
# chkconfig --list |grep mysql
mysql入门教程: 2. 安装mysql数据库

数字代码服务器启动级别，off 代表不随机启动mysqld服务，on代表随机启动服务
我们需要设置mysqld随机启动，执行下面命令进行设置
# chkconfig mysqld on
这样的结果代表正常
# chkconfig --list |grep mysql
mysql入门教程: 2. 安装mysql数据库

3、启动mysqld服务
执行如下命令进行启动，两种方法都可以:
# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
# service mysqld start

启动后，ps一下，看下进程是否起来
# ps -ef |grep mysql|grep -v grep
root    1582    1  0 23:26 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --basedir=/usr --user=mysql
mysql    1684  1582  1 23:26 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
根据进程信息可以看到，mysql的数据库data目录是 /var/lib/mysql ，错误日志文件是  /var/log/mysqld.log

查看都有哪些库
# cd /var/lib/mysql
# ls -l
mysql入门教程: 2. 安装mysql数据库

发现有两个库，都是mysql默认自带的，如何手动创建数据库，会在后续的教程中说明。

查看占用端口，默认占用3306端口
# netstat -nutlp | grep mysql
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1684/mysqld

4、停止mysqld服务
执行如下命令进行停止，两种方法都可以:
# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
# service mysqld stop

5、重启mysqld服务
执行如下命令进行重启，两种方法都可以:
# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

# service mysqld srestart

6、使用root登录时遇到了ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)错误. 如下所示

原因：Mysql 5.6及以后版本出处于安全考虑，root密码已经不为空了。

解决方法：

首先停掉mysql服务器

 
   [root@DB-Server init.d]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql stop 
     
    Shutting down MySQL..[ OK ]

然后使用mysqld_safe命令在启动mysql，更新root账号的密码

--skip-grant-tables：不启动grant-tables(授权表),跳过权限控制。

--skip-networking ：跳过TCP/IP协议，只在本机访问(从网上有些资料看，这个选项不是必须的。可以不用)

 
   [root@DB-Server init.d]# mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking & 
   [2] 9396 
   [root@DB-Server init.d]# 140722 14:59:46 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/lib/mysql/DB-Server.err'. 
   140722 14:59:46 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql 
  

执行上面命令后，此会话窗口会出现无反应的状态，需要使用CTRL+C中断会话，检查/var/lib/mysql/DB-Server.err日志，发现也无其它异常信息。没有弄明白该会话窗口为啥会出现无响应状态。

 
   tail -200 /var/lib/mysql/DB-Server.err | more 
     
   2014-07-22 14:59:41 9346 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'binlog' 
   2014-07-22 14:59:41 9346 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete 
     
   140722 14:59:41 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/lib/mysql/DB-Server.pid ended 
   140722 14:59:46 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql 
   2014-07-22 14:59:47 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timesta 
   mp server option (see documentation for more details). 
   2014-07-22 14:59:47 9516 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. 
   2014-07-22 14:59:47 9516 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages 
   2014-07-22 14:59:47 9516 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 
   2014-07-22 14:59:47 9516 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 
   2014-07-22 14:59:47 9516 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3 
   2014-07-22 14:59:47 9516 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 
   2014-07-22 14:59:47 9516 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions 
   2014-07-22 14:59:47 9516 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 
   2014-07-22 14:59:47 9516 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 
   2014-07-22 14:59:47 9516 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda. 
   2014-07-22 14:59:47 9516 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active. 
   2014-07-22 14:59:47 9516 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start 
   2014-07-22 14:59:47 9516 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.19 started; log sequence number 1626087 
   2014-07-22 14:59:47 9516 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. 
   Version: '5.6.19'  socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'  port: 0  MySQL Community Server (GPL) 
  

 
   [root@DB-Server init.d]# mysql -u root mysql 
   Reading table information for completion of table and column names 
   You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A 
     
   Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g. 
   Your MySQL connection id is 1 
   Server version: 5.6.19 MySQL Community Server (GPL) 
     
   Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 
     
   Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its 
   affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective 
   owners. 
     
   Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. 
     
   mysql> select Host, User, Password,password_expired 
       -> from user 
       -> where user='root' and host='root' or host='localhost'; 
   +-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+ 
   | Host      | User | Password                                  | password_expired | 
   +-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+ 
   | localhost | root | *A848DE7CCD839E924921BEE41711991DDA0D529E | Y                | 
   +-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+ 
   1 row in set (0.00 sec) 
     
   mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD('p12#456') 
       -> where user='root' and host='root' or host='localhost'; 
   Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) 
   Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0 
  

新设置用户或更改密码后需用flush privileges刷新MySQL的系统权限相关表，否则会出现拒绝访问，还有一种方法，就是重新启动mysql服务器，来使新设置生效。

 
   mysql> flush privileges; 
   Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 
     
   mysql> quit 
   Bye 
   [root@DB-Server init.d]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart 
   Shutting down MySQL..140722 15:02:27 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/lib/mysql/DB-Server.pid ended 
   [  OK  ] 
   Starting MySQL.[  OK  ] 
   [2]-  Done                    mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking 
   [root@DB-Server init.d]# mysql -u root p 
   ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) 
   [root@DB-Server init.d]# mysql -u root -p 
   Enter password:  
   Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g. 
   Your MySQL connection id is 2 
   Server version: 5.6.19 
     
   Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 
     
   Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its 
   affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective 
   owners. 
     
   Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. 
     
   mysql>  
  

另外，如果登录mysql数据库后执行脚本遭遇 ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must SET PASSWORD before executing this statement,可以使用重新设置一次密码即可解决问题.

 
   mysql>set password = password('p12#456');  
  

至此问题解决，但是还有不少地方有些疑惑，为啥出现这个错误？其实这么多资料都只是说了解决方法，但是都回避了问题的原因。

参考资料：

http://huangyifa163.blog.163.com/blog/static/262875752011127102215790/

http://sundful.iteye.com/blog/704337

http://wenku.baidu.com/view/735ffa41be1e650e52ea995a.html

http://www.cnblogs.com/sunson/articles/2172086.html

http://blog.163.com/eric1945@126/blog/static/164934572201081494343373/

http://www.cnblogs.com/likai198981/archive/2013/04/06/3002518.html

linux上的mysql安装--yum本地安装方式

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