Centos下以rpm方式安装MySQL步骤如下：
一、mysql-5.7.12 rpm bundel包下载
本人喜欢把下载的文件放在/root/software路径下，便于统一管理
[root@localhost software]#cd /root/software[root@localhost software]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
--2018-06-03 18:34:23-- http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
正在解析主机 dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.11
正在连接 dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 301 Moved Permanently
位置：https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar [跟随至新的 URL]
--2018-06-03 18:34:24-- https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
正在连接 dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 302 Found
位置：https://cdn.mysql.com//archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar [跟随至新的 URL]
--2018-06-03 18:34:29-- https://cdn.mysql.com//archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
正在解析主机 cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)... 23.41.87.110
正在连接 cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)|23.41.87.110|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：457492480 (436M) [application/x-tar]
正在保存至: “mysql-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar”
100%[======================================>] 457,492,480 5.03MB/s 用时 83s
2018-06-03 18:35:54 (5.26 MB/s) - 已保存 “mysql-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar” [457492480/457492480])二、解压缩mysql-bundle包
[root@localhost software]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
mysql-community-libs-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm三、mysql的rpm安装
步骤：安装mysql-community-server之前，必须安装mysql-community-client和mysql-community-common的rpm包。而安装community-client和community-common包之前，必须删除mysql-lib(因为系统自带的版本过低)3.1、删除mysql-lib(系统自带的版本过低)
[root@localhost software]# yum remove mysql-libs3.2、依次安装如下软件包（common、libs、client、server）
[root@localhost software]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-common-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:mysql-community-common-5.7.12-1.e################################# [100%][root@localhost software]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-libs-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.12-1.el6################################# [100%][root@localhost software]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-client-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:mysql-community-client-5.7.12-1.e################################# [100%][root@localhost software]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
警告：mysql-community-server-5.7.12-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:mysql-community-server-5.7.12-1.e################################# [100%]四、启动mysql 服务
[root@localhost software]# service mysqld start
Starting mysqld (via systemctl): [ 确定 ]查看端口：（注意第十一行）
[root@localhost software]# netstat -tlunp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1397/dnsmasq
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1013/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1014/cupsd
tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1013/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 1014/cupsd
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 22771/mysqld
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:16290 0.0.0.0:* 20879/dhclient
udp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* 1397/dnsmasq
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 1397/dnsmasq
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* 20879/dhclient
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:42198 0.0.0.0:* 587/avahi-daemon: r
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* 587/avahi-daemon: r
udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 0.0.0.0:* 607/chronyd
udp6 0 0 :::13829 :::* 20879/dhclient
udp6 0 0 ::1:323 :::* 607/chronyd 五、初始密码修改及登录
5.1、rpm安装mysql后，会自动初始化一个密码，即下面第十四行localhost：后面的那一串字符。复制此密码，一会登陆数据库用。
[root@localhost software]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | more
2018-06-03T10:43:37.166285Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is
deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see doc
umentation for more details).
2018-06-03T10:43:38.297369Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2018-06-03T10:43:38.661954Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint
system tables.
2018-06-03T10:43:38.729812Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we a
ssume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating
a new UUID: f97c84d0-671a-11e8-b38c-000c2990d7e4.
2018-06-03T10:43:38.731522Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Tabl
e 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2018-06-03T10:43:38.732410Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@
localhost: 3u>8i.tl1*gJ
2018-06-03T10:43:41.262817Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is
deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see doc
umentation for more details).
2018-06-03T10:43:41.264158Z 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 5.7.12) starting a
s process 22516 ...
2018-06-03T10:43:41.293167Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: PUNCH HOLE support available
2018-06-03T10:43:41.293370Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic
builtins
2018-06-03T10:43:41.293390Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Uses event mutexes
2018-06-03T10:43:41.293399Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: GCC builtin __sync_synchronize() is
used for memory barrier
2018-06-03T10:43:41.293406Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
2018-06-03T10:43:41.293417Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2018-06-03T10:43:41.293841Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
2018-06-03T10:43:41.294338Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
2018-06-03T10:43:41.310619Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, total siz
e = 128M, instances = 1, chunk size = 128M
2018-06-03T10:43:41.327291Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer
pool......
2018-06-03T10:43:45.937339Z 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections.
Version: '5.7.12' socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Commun
ity Server (GPL)
2018-06-03T10:43:45.959314Z 2 [Note] Access denied for user 'UNKNOWN_MYSQL_USER'
@'localhost' (using password: NO)
2018-06-03T10:46:55.741014Z 3 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (
using password: YES)
[root@localhost software]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.12
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.5.2、修改 mysql root密码
由于最新的mysql版本对密码策略有要求，所以必须增加复杂程度才能通过。本人测试了一个不符合策略的例子；
注意，用刚才5.1中复制的随机密码登陆mysql。
[root@localhost software]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.12 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password='sh123456';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
mysql> set password='[email protected]';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye附加：在Centos系统上导入sql文件到Mysql数据库
1、登录mysql
[root@iZq7t5ykp3n691Z admin]# mysql -u root -p2、打开要导入的数据库：
mysql> use hkj_database;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed3、导入sql文件（source + sql文件的绝对路径）
mysql> source /usr/local/tomcat/hkj_database.sql;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Database changed
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)