主从同步配置（mysql）

mysql主从同步介绍
角色分2种：
数据库服务做主master库：被客户端存储数据访问的库
数据库服务做从slave库同步主库的数据到本机

mysql主从同步原理

主库开启binglog日志用于记录主库的sql语句，主库中的Binlog Dump的程序告诉从库主库有新的sql命令写入到binlog日志中了，从库的I/O线程把binlog日志的sql写入到本机的中继日志中，SQL线程负责执行中继日志的sql命令，中继日志记录的是和主库binglog日志里一样的sql命令。

Mysql主从同步作用：实现数据的自动备份

配置mysql主从同步结构
准备2台数据库服务器 192.168.4.51（master） 192.168.4.52(slave)
关闭seliux，firewalld ，确保两台机器可以保证通信状态
一主一从同步的缺点在于容易发生单点故障

主库配置步骤
1.启用binlog日志
2用户授权
3 查看正在使用的binlog日志信息

从配置步骤：192.168.4.52
1.验证授权用户
2 指定server_id
3 指定主库信息

让从库不做主库的方法是把/var/lib/mysql下的四个文件删掉重起数据库则可以实现从脱离主
master.info
host52-relay-bin.000001 ----中继日志
host52-relay-bin.index ----中继日志索引文件
relay-log.info

当前从库临时不同步主库信息
myql >stop slave;

举例展示：

主库配置详细过程：
[root@host51 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
validate_password_policy=0
validate_password_length=6
server_id=51
log-bin=master51 -----开启binglog日志
binlog-format="mixed"
[root@host51 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@host51 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql/master51.* ------开启binglog日志和binglog日志的索引文件
/var/lib/mysql/master51.000001 /var/lib/mysql/master51.index

[root@host51 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.17-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to repluser@"192.168.4.52" identified by ''mysql> grant replication slave
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to repluser@"192.168.4.52" identified by "123456"; ----为用户授权
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.07 sec)

从库配置详细过程：
[root@host52 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
validate_password_policy=0
validate_password_length=6
server_id=52
[root@host52 ~]# mysql -h 192.168.4.51 -urepluser -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.17-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
mysql> change master to
-> master_host="192.168.4.51",
-> master_user="repluser",
-> master_password="123456",
-> master_log_file="123456",
-> master_log_pos=452;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.35 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 192.168.4.51
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master51.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 452
Relay_Log_File: host52-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: master51.000001
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: No
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.4.51
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master51.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 452
Relay_Log_File: host52-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 319
Relay_Master_Log_File: master51.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

[root@host52 ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql
[root@host52 mysql]# ls
auto.cnf host52-relay-bin.000001 ib_logfile0 mysql.sock relay-log.info
ca-key.pem host52-relay-bin.000002 ib_logfile1 mysql.sock.lock server-cert.pem
ca.pem host52-relay-bin.index ibtmp1 performance_schema server-key.pem
client-cert.pem ib_buffer_pool master.info private_key.pem sys
client-key.pem ibdata1 mysql public_key.pem
[root@host52 mysql]# cat master.info ----主机的信息，启动服务的时候会自动的加载改该文件获得主库的信息
25
master51.000001
452
192.168.4.51
repluser
123456
3306
60
0

0
30.000

0
422d96a2-8dab-11e8-ab41-525400e5b012
86400

0
[root@host52 mysql]# cat relay-log.info -----中继日志
7
./host52-relay-bin.000002 ---当前目录下的中继日志名
319 -----当前目录下的中继的偏移量
master51.000001 -----主机的binlog信息
452 ------主机的偏移量
0
0
1

host52-relay-bin.000001 ----中继日志
host52-relay-bin.index ----中继日志索引文件

验证
验证过程：在主数据库51上对一个用户授权让其有有对某一个数据库有所有权限，在用客户端用该用户的权限进行登录，并创建出主库授权给
客户端的库，在库上进行相应的操作，在主库的binlog日志文件中则会记录下，客户端的操作的sql日志文件。
[root@host51 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.17-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
mysql> grant all on zhuhaiyan.* to zhu@"%" identitied by "123456";

[root@room9pc01 ~]# mysql -h192.168.4.51 -uzhu -p123456
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.7.17-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
MySQL [(none)]> create database zhuhaiyan;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

[root@host51 ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql
[root@host51 mysql]# ls
auto.cnf client-key.pem ib_logfile1 mysql private_key.pem sys
ca-key.pem ib_buffer_pool ibtmp1 mysql.sock public_key.pem zhuhaiyan
ca.pem ibdata1 master51.000001 mysql.sock.lock server-cert.pem
client-cert.pem ib_logfile0 master51.index performance_schema server-key.pem
[root@host51 mysql]# mysqlbinlog master51.000001 mysql]# mysqlbinlog master51.000001 |grep "create"
#180722 21:37:37 server id 51 end_log_pos 123 CRC32 0xfb2770e6 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.17-log created 180722 21:37:37 at startup
create database zhuhaiyan

[root@host52 mysql]# cd /var/lib/mysql
[root@host52 mysql]# mysqlbinlog host52-relay-bin.000002 | grep "create"
#180722 22:21:31 server id 52 end_log_pos 123 CRC32 0x0bf2a5e8 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.17 created 180722 22:21:31
#180722 21:37:37 server id 51 end_log_pos 0 CRC32 0xc61daaee Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.17-log created 180722 21:37:37
create database zhuhaiyan

主从同步配置（mysql）

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