linux 下 mysql 数据库备份脚本示例

#! /bin/bash

###################################
# backup database from mysql
###################################

###### VARIABLES & FUNCTIONS ######

# Database info
DB_HOST=""
DB_USER=""
DB_PWD=""
DB_NAME=""

# Others vars
FILE_CONF="/etc/system_conf.xml"    #the configure xml file
BIN_DIR="/usr/bin"                  #the mysql bin path
BAK_DIR="/home/mysql/backup"        #the backup file directory 
MAX_FILES=10                        #the maximum number of backup files
PARAM_VAL=""                        #the xml values
TABLE_PRE="tbl_"                    #the need table's prefix

DB_RET=""
CUR_TIME=`date +%F_%T`

# tables don't need backup
EXTABLES=(  
            "tbl_name_a" \
            "tbl_name_b" \
            "tbl_name_c"
         )
           
# only all tables' data
DUMP_ARG="-n --hex-blob"

#which table's need backup
DUMPTABLES=""

# -------------------------------------------------
# get one param value from xml file:
#     <param name="param01" value="1"/>
# param_name MUST be unique one
# return: PARAM_VAL_OLD
# -------------------------------------------------
get_xml_param_val()
{
  local my_file=$1
  local my_param=$2

  PARAM_VAL=`cat $my_file | grep $my_param | awk '{print $3}' | cut -f 2 -d '"'`
}

get_dump_tables()
{
   #get all tables in cur db
   ALLTABLES=`mysql -h${DB_HOST} -u${DB_USER} -p${DB_PWD} -B ${DB_NAME} -e "show tables"|grep "^${TABLE_PRE}"`
   if [ $? -ne 0 ]
   then
      echo "###### show all tables in ${DB_NAME} fail"
      return 1
   fi
   
   if [ "${ALLTABLES}" = "" ]
   then
      echo "###### no tables in ${DB_NAME}"
      return 1
   fi
   
   #get all tables need bk
   for table in ${ALLTABLES}
   do
      #check whether table is in EXTABLES      
      index=0
      tbs_num=${#EXTABLES[*]}
      need_bk=1
      
      while [ ${index} -lt ${tbs_num} ]
      do
         if [ -n "${EXTABLES[$index]}" ]
         then   
            if [ "${table}" = "${EXTABLES[$index]}" ]
            then
               need_bk=0
               break;
            fi
         fi
        
         index=`expr ${index} + 1`
      done
      
      if [ ${need_bk} -eq 1 ]
      then
         DUMPTABLES=`echo ${DUMPTABLES} ${table}`
      fi
   done
   
   return 0
}

rotate_bk_files()
{   
   #cp old.n to older.m
   index=`expr ${MAX_FILES} - 1`
   while [ ${index} -gt 0 ]
   do
      src=${BAK_DIR}/${DB_NAME}_backup.sql.$((${index} - 1))
      dst=${BAK_DIR}/${DB_NAME}_backup.sql.${index}
      
      if [ -e "${src}" ]
      then   
         mv ${src} ${dst}
         if [ $? -ne 0 ]
         then
            echo "###### rotate ${src} to ${dst} fail"
            return 1
         fi
      fi
        
      index=`expr ${index} - 1`
   done
   
   #cp new to old.0
   src=${BAK_DIR}/${DB_NAME}_backup.sql
   dst=${BAK_DIR}/${DB_NAME}_backup.sql.0
   
   if [ -e "${src}" ]
   then   
      mv ${src} ${dst}
      if [ $? -ne 0 ]
      then
         echo "###### rotate ${src} to ${dst} fail"
         return 1
      fi
   fi
   
   return 0
} 

###### main() ######
# check user role
ROLE=`id | awk '{print $1}' | sed -e 's/=/ /' -e 's/(/ /' -e 's/)/ /' |awk '{print $3}'`
if [ "${ROLE}" != "root" ]; then
    echo "[ERROR]Operation not permitted! Please run cmd by root, or sudo cmd ..."
    exit 1
fi

if [ ! -d ${BAK_DIR} ]; then
  echo "create backup dir: ${BAK_DIR}"
  mkdir -p ${BAK_DIR}
fi

### get db host
get_xml_param_val ${FILE_CONF} "mysql_url"
DB_HOST="${PARAM_VAL}"
if [ "${DB_HOST}" = "" ]; then
  echo "[ERROR] can't get mysql_url from ${FILE_CONF}"
  exit 1
fi

### get db user
get_xml_param_val ${FILE_CONF} "mysql_user"
DB_USER="${PARAM_VAL}"
if [ "${DB_USER}" = "" ]; then
  echo "[ERROR] can't get mysql_user from ${FILE_CONF}"
  exit 1
fi

### get db pwd
get_xml_param_val ${FILE_CONF} "mysql_pwd"
DB_PWD="${PARAM_VAL}"
if [ "${DB_PWD}" = "" ]; then
  echo "[ERROR] can't get mysql_pwd from ${FILE_CONF}"
  exit 1
fi

### get db name
get_xml_param_val ${FILE_CONF} "mysql_db"
DB_NAME="${PARAM_VAL}"
if [ "${DB_NAME}" = "" ]; then
  echo "[ERROR] can't get mysql_db from ${FILE_CONF}"
  exit 1
fi

# check database exist
DB_RET=`mysql -h${DB_HOST} -u${DB_USER} -p${DB_PWD} -e "show databases like '${DB_NAME}'"|egrep "^${DB_NAME}$"`
if [ "${DB_RET}" != "${DB_NAME}" ]; then    
  echo "****** db ${DB_NAME} backup fail!"
  exit 1
fi

# get tables need backup
get_dump_tables
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
    exit 1
fi

#todo backup
mysqldump -h${DB_HOST} -u${DB_USER} -p${DB_PWD} -B ${DB_NAME} ${DUMP_ARG} --tables ${DUMPTABLES} >${BAK_DIR}/${DB_NAME}_backup.sql
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
  exit 1
fi
  
# chmod backup files
chmod 600 ${BAK_DIR}/${DB_NAME}_backup.sql

# rotate backup files
rotate_bk_files
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
    exit 1
fi


ls -lhst --full-time ${BAK_DIR}

echo "****** Backup '${DB_NAME}' Success!"
exit 0

附录:

        MySQL数据库备份的10个教程

     Mysqldump参数大全（参数来源于mysql5.5.19源码）