在 Ubuntu 16.04 上的 ASP.NET Core 应用开发05：使用 MariaDB 存储 IdentityServer4 服务器的数据

在 使用 ASP.NET Core Identity 的 IdentityServer4 授权服务器 中，IdentityServer4 使用的是内存数据，不方便灵活，这次要把 IdentityServer4 的数据也保存到数据库中。

添加 IdentityServer4.EntityFramework

IdentityServer4 有两种类型的数据需要保存数据库中。第一是配置数据（资源和客户端），第二个是 IdentityServer 在使用时产生的操作数据（令牌，代码和同意）。这些存储使用接口建模， Nuget包中的 IdentityServer4.EntityFramework 提供这些接口的EF实现。
添加 IdentityServer4.EntityFramework 包

修改 Startup.cs

在 Startup.cs 的 ConfigureServices方法中添加以及修改以下代码：

var connectionString = Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection");
var migrationsAssembly = typeof(Startup).GetTypeInfo().Assembly.GetName().Name;

services.AddIdentityServer()
    .AddDeveloperSigningCredential()
    //.AddInMemoryPersistedGrants()
    //.AddInMemoryIdentityResources(Config.GetIdentityResources())
    //.AddInMemoryApiResources(Config.GetApiResources())
    //.AddInMemoryClients(Config.GetClients())
    .AddConfigurationStore(options =>
        {
            options.ConfigureDbContext = builder =>
                builder.UseMySQL(connectionString,
                sql => sql.MigrationsAssembly(migrationsAssembly));
        })
        .AddOperationalStore(options =>
        {
            options.ConfigureDbContext = builder =>
                builder.UseMySQL(connectionString,
                sql => sql.MigrationsAssembly(migrationsAssembly));

            // this enables automatic token cleanup. this is optional.
            options.EnableTokenCleanup = true;
            options.TokenCleanupInterval = 30;
        })
        .AddAspNetIdentity<ApplicationUser>();

添加迁移

在项目目录中打开命令提示符。在命令提示符下运行以下两个命令，一个是为了IdentityServer的配置，另一个是为了持久化授权：

dotnet ef migrations add InitialIdentityServerPersistedGrantDbMigration -c PersistedGrantDbContext -o Data/Migrations/IdentityServer/PersistedGrantDb

dotnet ef migrations add InitialIdentityServerConfigurationDbMigration -c ConfigurationDbContext -o Data/Migrations/IdentityServer/ConfigurationDb

注意事项：Ubuntu Server 16.04 自带源安装的是 MariaDB 10.0 ，执行第一个命令的时候会出现错误，请参考 安装 MariaDB 及远程连接设置 安装 MariaDB 10.3 或以上版本 ，以便能顺利执行这两个命令。

命令执行结果如以下显示：

PS D:\source\repos\IdentityManagerServer\IdentityManagerServer> dotnet ef migrations add InitialIdentityServerPersistedGra
ntDbMigration -c PersistedGrantDbContext -o Data/Migrations/IdentityServer/PersistedGrantDb
info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.XmlKeyManager[0]
      User profile is available. Using 'C:\Users\Yoda\AppData\Local\ASP.NET\DataProtection-Keys' as key repository and Windows DPAPI to encrypt keys at rest.
dbug: IdentityServer4.Startup[0]
      Using Identity.Application as default scheme for authentication
dbug: IdentityServer4.Startup[0]
      Using Identity.External as default scheme for sign-in
dbug: IdentityServer4.Startup[0]
      Using Identity.External as default scheme for sign-out
dbug: IdentityServer4.Startup[0]
      Using Identity.Application as default scheme for challenge
dbug: IdentityServer4.Startup[0]
      Using Identity.Application as default scheme for forbid
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Infrastructure[10403]
      Entity Framework Core 2.0.3-rtm-10026 initialized 'PersistedGrantDbContext' using provider 'MySql.Data.EntityFrameworkCore' with options: MigrationsAssembly=IdentityManagerServer
Done. To undo this action, use 'ef migrations remove'
PS D:\source\repos\IdentityManagerServer\IdentityManagerServer> dotnet ef migrations add InitialIdentityServerConfiguratio
nDbMigration -c ConfigurationDbContext -o Data/Migrations/IdentityServer/ConfigurationDb
info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.XmlKeyManager[0]
      User profile is available. Using 'C:\Users\Yoda\AppData\Local\ASP.NET\DataProtection-Keys' as key repository and Windows DPAPI to encrypt keys at rest.
dbug: IdentityServer4.Startup[0]
      Using Identity.Application as default scheme for authentication
dbug: IdentityServer4.Startup[0]
      Using Identity.External as default scheme for sign-in
dbug: IdentityServer4.Startup[0]
      Using Identity.External as default scheme for sign-out
dbug: IdentityServer4.Startup[0]
      Using Identity.Application as default scheme for challenge
dbug: IdentityServer4.Startup[0]
      Using Identity.Application as default scheme for forbid
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Infrastructure[10403]
      Entity Framework Core 2.0.3-rtm-10026 initialized 'ConfigurationDbContext' using provider 'MySql.Data.EntityFrameworkCore' with options: MigrationsAssembly=IdentityManagerServer
Done. To undo this action, use 'ef migrations remove'

执行以上命令显示结果为 Build failed. 时，可以尝试先 重新生成 项目，然后再执行以上迁移命令。

初始化数据库

进行了迁移后，可以编写代码来从迁移中创建数据库。还可以将之前定义的内存配置数据来为数据库设定种子。在 Startup.cs 中添加一个用来进行初始化数据库的方法：

private void InitializeDatabase(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
    using (var serviceScope = app.ApplicationServices.GetService<IServiceScopeFactory>().CreateScope())
    {
        serviceScope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<PersistedGrantDbContext>().Database.Migrate();

        var context = serviceScope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<ConfigurationDbContext>();
        context.Database.Migrate();
        if (!context.Clients.Any())
        {
            foreach (var client in Config.GetClients())
            {
                context.Clients.Add(client.ToEntity());
            }
            context.SaveChanges();
        }

        if (!context.IdentityResources.Any())
        {
            foreach (var resource in Config.GetIdentityResources())
            {
                context.IdentityResources.Add(resource.ToEntity());
            }
            context.SaveChanges();
        }

        if (!context.ApiResources.Any())
        {
            foreach (var resource in Config.GetApiResources())
            {
                context.ApiResources.Add(resource.ToEntity());
            }
            context.SaveChanges();
        }
    }
}

从 Configure方法调用它：

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
    // this will do the initial DB population
    InitializeDatabase(app);

    // the rest of the code that was already here
    // ...
}

再次运行程序，就可以将数据保存到数据库中了，我们可以通过数据库的客户端打开并看到写入到里面的内容：

• InitializeDatabase方法并不适合每次运行应用程序时执行,填充数据库后，请考虑删除（或注释）对它的调用。