Every year, more people face poverty and hunger and more of the earth's resources are ruined. The problems are enormous, but many experts believe that the situation is not hopeless. The solution will require big changes in how we think about agriculture, food, and our planet.
First of all, farmers everywhere need to develop methods that are less destructive to the environment. The change from single crop farming to a mixed crop system would be one important step. The planting of several different crops improve the soil and helps prevent erosion. Erosion could also be prevented by planting trees to protect the fields from the wind. Another way farmers could improve the soil is to avoid deep plowing. In fact, only a slight plowing is necessary if proper methods are used.
If the soil were treated better, farmers would not need to use chemical fertilizers. They could use natural animal and vegetable products instead. With mixed crops, farmers would need fewer toxic chemical insecticides. They could use biological methods of controlling insects and disease.
Farmers could also help save the earth's precious supplies of water and petroleum. To save water, they could plant more water-efficient plants instead of the standard types of wheat or corn. They could also use watering systems that are much less wasteful. To save petroleum, farmers could make use of bio-gas generators which could be fueled by the vegetable and animal wastes of the farms. In less-developed countries, bio-gas generators could reduce the need for firewood and so help save forests, as well.
In less-developed countries, the small farmers need help. They need to learn more about crops that are better suited to local conditions. They need to learn how to limit erosion and make the best use of their resources. These farmers will never be successful without land and economic reform. This should be the aim of governments and international agencies. The current industrial and cash crop policies are only making the situation worse.
Industrialized countries could use their economic resources to help bring about these changes. They could also make some changes in their own policies. At present, much food is wasted in these countries for political reasons. In Europe and in North America, tons of fruit and dairy products are thrown away every year. Eating habits, too, could be changed in these countries. For example, people often eat foods from distant places instead of local foods. The transportation of the imported foods adds to the global pollution problem. People in industrialized countries also eat a lot of meat, especially beef. In fact, a large percentage of the grain grown in these countries is used for feeding cattle. If people in these countries ate less meat, there would be more grain to feed the hungry people of the world.
The ideal agricultural system would be sustainable; that is, its level of productivity could be continued indefinitely and damage to the environment much less. This is a war which must be won because it would have only winners for both farmers and consumers of farm products.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
agricultural
bio-gas
cash
chemical
consumer
current
dairy
destructive
efficient
enormous
erosion
fertilizer
firewood
generator
global
import
indefinitely
industrial
industrialize
industrialized
insecticide
local
percentage
petroleum
poverty
product
productivity
reform
resource
slight
solution
sustainable
system
toxic
transportation
add to
as well
at present
bring about
instead of
make use of
throw away
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The title of unit10 is Agriculture.
The main idea of writing and translation of unit10 is 与词义有关的误译：1.一词多义及搭配差异造成的误译 2.翻译时未作适当的引申 3.翻译时未进行词类转译 4.翻译时未作适当的增补 5.词序误译
First of all, farmers everywhere need to develop methods that are less destructive to the environment. The change from single crop farming to a mixed crop system would be one important step. The planting of several different crops improve the soil and helps prevent erosion. Erosion could also be prevented by planting trees to protect the fields from the wind. Another way farmers could improve the soil is to avoid deep plowing. In fact, only a slight plowing is necessary if proper methods are used.
If the soil were treated better, farmers would not need to use chemical fertilizers. They could use natural animal and vegetable products instead. With mixed crops, farmers would need fewer toxic chemical insecticides. They could use biological methods of controlling insects and disease.
Farmers could also help save the earth's precious supplies of water and petroleum. To save water, they could plant more water-efficient plants instead of the standard types of wheat or corn. They could also use watering systems that are much less wasteful. To save petroleum, farmers could make use of bio-gas generators which could be fueled by the vegetable and animal wastes of the farms. In less-developed countries, bio-gas generators could reduce the need for firewood and so help save forests, as well.
In less-developed countries, the small farmers need help. They need to learn more about crops that are better suited to local conditions. They need to learn how to limit erosion and make the best use of their resources. These farmers will never be successful without land and economic reform. This should be the aim of governments and international agencies. The current industrial and cash crop policies are only making the situation worse.
Industrialized countries could use their economic resources to help bring about these changes. They could also make some changes in their own policies. At present, much food is wasted in these countries for political reasons. In Europe and in North America, tons of fruit and dairy products are thrown away every year. Eating habits, too, could be changed in these countries. For example, people often eat foods from distant places instead of local foods. The transportation of the imported foods adds to the global pollution problem. People in industrialized countries also eat a lot of meat, especially beef. In fact, a large percentage of the grain grown in these countries is used for feeding cattle. If people in these countries ate less meat, there would be more grain to feed the hungry people of the world.
The ideal agricultural system would be sustainable; that is, its level of productivity could be continued indefinitely and damage to the environment much less. This is a war which must be won because it would have only winners for both farmers and consumers of farm products.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
agricultural
bio-gas
cash
chemical
consumer
current
dairy
destructive
efficient
enormous
erosion
fertilizer
firewood
generator
global
import
indefinitely
industrial
industrialize
industrialized
insecticide
local
percentage
petroleum
poverty
product
productivity
reform
resource
slight
solution
sustainable
system
toxic
transportation
add to
as well
at present
bring about
instead of
make use of
throw away
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The title of unit10 is Agriculture.
The main idea of writing and translation of unit10 is 与词义有关的误译：1.一词多义及搭配差异造成的误译 2.翻译时未作适当的引申 3.翻译时未进行词类转译 4.翻译时未作适当的增补 5.词序误译