【1.1】Linux学习—常用基础命令2—归档压缩

压缩和解压

gzip：表示压缩文件，压缩文件格式为.gz。也可解压文件

[wujiadong@hcu05 wujiadong]$ ls
aaa.TXT  home  linux_peixun  raw data  wujiadong1  wujiadong2
[wujiadong@hcu05 wujiadong]$ gzip *  #将该目录下所有文件压缩成.gz文件
gzip: home is a directory -- ignored
gzip: linux_peixun is a directory -- ignored
gzip: raw data is a directory -- ignored
gzip: wujiadong1 is a directory -- ignored
gzip: wujiadong2 is a directory -- ignored
[wujiadong@hcu05 wujiadong]$ ls
aaa.TXT.gz  home  linux_peixun  raw data  wujiadong1  wujiadong2


[wujiadong@hcu05 linux_peixun]$ ls
5        bb.txt.gz  DESeq-Sample_A-Sample_B-Pvalue-0.05.txt  home          pipe.fa      transcript.fa
aaa.txt  C.TXT      f1.csv                                   ko00010.html  sample_list  wujiadong
[wujiadong@hcu05 linux_peixun]$ gzip -l bb.txt.gz   #详细显示压缩文件的信息
         compressed        uncompressed  ratio uncompressed_name
             228485              879670  74.0% bb.txt
[wujiadong@hcu05 linux_peixun]$ 


[wujiadong@hcu05 linux_peixun]$ gzip -d bb.txt.gz   # 解压
[wujiadong@hcu05 linux_peixun]$ ls
5        bb.txt  DESeq-Sample_A-Sample_B-Pvalue-0.05.txt  home          pipe.fa      transcript.fa
aaa.txt  C.TXT   f1.csv                                   ko00010.html  sample_list  wujiadong
[wujiadong@hcu05 linux_peixun]$ 

[wujiadong@hcu05 wujiadong]$ gzip -r linux_peixun  #递归的压缩目录
[wujiadong@hcu05 wujiadong]$ ls
home  linux_peixun  raw data  wujiadong1  wujiadong2
[wujiadong@hcu05 wujiadong]$ cd linux_peixun
[wujiadong@hcu05 linux_peixun]$ ls
5.gz        C.TXT.gz                                    home             sample_list.gz
aaa.txt.gz  DESeq-Sample_A-Sample_B-Pvalue-0.05.txt.gz  ko00010.html.gz  transcript.fa.gz
bb.txt.gz   f1.csv.gz                                   pipe.fa.gz       wujiadong.gz
[wujiadong@hcu05 linux_peixun]$ cd ..
[wujiadong@hcu05 wujiadong]$ gzip -dr linux_peixun  # 递归解压目录
[wujiadong@hcu05 wujiadong]$ cd linux_peixun
[wujiadong@hcu05 linux_peixun]$ ls
5        bb.txt  DESeq-Sample_A-Sample_B-Pvalue-0.05.txt  home          pipe.fa      transcript.fa
aaa.txt  C.TXT   f1.csv                                   ko00010.html  sample_list  wujiadong

gunzip：解压缩为.gz的压缩文件，和gzip -d功能相等

[wujiadong@hcu05 linux_peixun]$ gzip bb.txt
[wujiadong@hcu05 linux_peixun]$ ls
5        bb.txt.gz  DESeq-Sample_A-Sample_B-Pvalue-0.05.txt  home          pipe.fa      transcript.fa
aaa.txt  C.TXT      f1.csv                                   ko00010.html  sample_list  wujiadong
[wujiadong@hcu05 linux_peixun]$ gunzip bb.txt.gz
[wujiadong@hcu05 linux_peixun]$ ls
5        bb.txt  DESeq-Sample_A-Sample_B-Pvalue-0.05.txt  home          pipe.fa      transcript.fa
aaa.txt  C.TXT   f1.csv                                   ko00010.html  sample_list  wujiadong

tar：打包目录

可选参数

-c：产生打包文件(create)

-v：显示详细信息()

-f：指定压缩后的文件名（file）

-z：打包同时压缩(gzip)

-x：解开压缩文件

-t：查看tarfile里面的文件

示例

[wujiadong@hcu05 wujiadong]$ tar -cvf wujiadong.tar wujiadong1 wujiadong2 #打包wujiadong1和wujiadong2这两个文件。仅打包，不压缩
wujiadong1/
wujiadong2/
wujiadong2/wujiadong3/
[wujiadong@hcu05 wujiadong]$ ls
home  linux_peixun  raw data  wujiadong1  wujiadong2  wujiadong.tar

[wujiadong@hcu05 wujiadong]$ tar -tf wujiadong.tar  #不解压情况下，查看压缩的内容
wujiadong1/
wujiadong2/
wujiadong2/wujiadong3/

[wujiadong@hcu05 wujiadong]$ tar -zcvf wujiadong.tar.gz wujiadong1 wujiadong2  #打包并压缩
wujiadong1/
wujiadong2/
wujiadong2/wujiadong3/
[wujiadong@hcu05 wujiadong]$ ls
home  linux_peixun  raw data  wujiadong1  wujiadong2  wujiadong.tar  wujiadong.tar.gz 

[wujiadong@hcu05 wujiadong]$ tar -ztvf wujiadong.tar.gz #不解压情况下，查看压缩包的内容
drwxr-xr-x wujiadong/luming  0 2018-07-11 22:15 wujiadong1/
drwxr-xr-x wujiadong/luming  0 2018-07-11 22:15 wujiadong2/
drwxr-xr-x wujiadong/luming  0 2018-07-11 22:15 wujiadong2/wujiadong3/



[wujiadong@hcu05 wujiadong]$ ls
home  linux_peixun  raw data  wujiadong.tar  wujiadong.tar.gz
[wujiadong@hcu05 wujiadong]$ tar -xvf wujiadong.tar #解压tar文件
wujiadong1/
wujiadong2/
wujiadong2/wujiadong3/
[wujiadong@hcu05 wujiadong]$ ls
home  linux_peixun  raw data  wujiadong1  wujiadong2  wujiadong.tar  wujiadong.tar.gz

[wujiadong@hcu05 wujiadong]$ ls
home  linux_peixun  raw data  wujiadong.tar  wujiadong.tar.gz
[wujiadong@hcu05 wujiadong]$ tar -zxvf wujiadong.tar.gz # 解压.tar.gz文件
wujiadong1/
wujiadong2/
wujiadong2/wujiadong3/
[wujiadong@hcu05 wujiadong]$ ls
home  linux_peixun  raw data  wujiadong1  wujiadong2  wujiadong.tar  wujiadong.tar.gz