3.队列

1.基本内容

  • 队列也是一种线性结构
  • 相比数组,队列对应的操作的数组的子集
  • 只能从一端(队尾)添加元素,只能从另一端(队首取出元素)
  • 先进先出的数据结构(FIFO)

2.队列的实现

R2Hei.png

2.1 数组队列

数组队列的出队的时间复杂度达到了O(n),这是比较高的时间。

R2ZZz.png

2.2循环队列

  • front==tail队列为空
  • (tail+1)%c==front队列满
  • capacity中,浪费一个空间

R2aUN.md.png

R2cnu.md.png

复杂度分析

RRzHB.md.png

package com.antfin.datastructure.queue;

public class LoopQueue<E> implements queue<E> {
    private E [] data;
    private  int front,tail;
    private int size;
    public LoopQueue(int capacity){
        data=(E[]) new Object[capacity+1];
        front =0;
        tail=0;
        size=0;
    }
    public LoopQueue(){
        this(10);
    }
    public int getCapacity(){
        return data.length-1;
    }
    @Override
    public int getSize(){
        return size;
    }
    @Override
    public  boolean isEmpty(){
        return front==tail;
    }
    @Override
    public void  enqueue(E e){
        if ((tail+1)%data.length==front)
            resize(getCapacity()*2);
        data[tail]=e;
        tail=(tail + 1) % data.length;
        size++;
    }
    @Override
    public E dequeue(){
        if(isEmpty())
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot dequeue from an empty queue.");
        E ret =data[front];
        data[front]=null;
        front=(front+1)%data.length;
        size--;
        if (size==getCapacity()/4&&getCapacity()/2!=0)
            resize(getCapacity()/2);
        return ret;
    }
    @Override
    public E getFront(){
        if(isEmpty())
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Queue is empty.");
        return data[front];
    }
    private void resize(int newCapacity) {
        E [] newData= (E[]) new Object[newCapacity+1];
        for (int i=0;i<size;i++){
            newData[i]=data[(i+front)%data.length];
        }
        data=newData;
        front=0;
        tail=size;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString(){

        StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
        res.append(String.format("queue: size = %d , capacity = %d\n", size, getCapacity()));
        res.append(" front [");
        for(int i = front ; i !=tail ; i=(i+1)%data.length){
            res.append(data[i]);
            if((i + 1) % data.length != tail)
                res.append(", ");
        }
        res.append("] tail");
        return res.toString();
    }
}

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转载自blog.csdn.net/endlessseaofcrow/article/details/80641607
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