使用mysqldump进行数据库或表的备份非常方便，操作简单使用灵活，在小数据量的备份和恢复时间可以接受，如果数据量较大，mysqldump恢复的时间会很长而难以接受。 xtrabackup是一款高效的备份工具，备份时并不会影响原数据库的正常更新。
xtrabackup安装
mkdir xtrbackup; cd xtrbackup wget https://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup/Percona-XtraBackup-2.4.9/binary/redhat/7/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.9-1.el7.x86_64.rpm wget https://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-toolkit/3.0.6/binary/redhat/7/x86_64/percona-toolkit-3.0.6-1.el7.x86_64.rpm yum install ./*.rpm
创建备份用户及目录
#mysql备份用户 GRANT RELOAD, LOCK TABLES, PROCESS, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'bkuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; #备份目录 mkdir /opt/bak/mysql -p
全量备份
1、备份阶段（备份文件会存储在一个以备份时间命名的子目录下）
innobackupex --host=127.0.0.1 --port=3306 --user=bkuser --password=123456 /opt/bak/mysql/
2、准备阶段
创建备份后，备份数据还处于不可用状态。因为redo log中可能存在未提交的事务和已经提交的事务，需要通过准备阶段使备份数据达到一致状态；如果状体为'completed OK'，则表明innobackupex执行完了所有所需的操作，数据达到一致状态
innobackupex --apply-log /opt/bak/mysql/2018-01-13_14-07-05
3、恢复阶段
恢复的过程中，datadir目录必须为空，如果不为空，innobackupes --copy-back将不会复制
cd /var/lib/mysql;rm -rf ./*
在恢复过程中，数据库需要处于关闭的状态（导入部分备份除外)
systemctl stop mysqld
innobackupex将所有的数据相关的文件复制到服务器中的datadir目录
innobackupex --copy-back /opt/bak/mysql/2018-01-13_14-07-05
复制完成后，文件属性不会改变，大多数情况下，在启动MySQL数据库之前，需要修改文件的所有权
chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql
启动mysql
systemctl start mysqld
建议与提醒
- 请使用高版本的innobackupex
- 建议远程备份
- 尽量不要使用innbackupex自带的增量备份，恢复比较麻烦容易出错
- 备份结束时，请立即apply-log,这样能够知道备份集是否可用，如果出问题，还可以立即再备份一次或报告出来
#!/usr/bin/python # coding=utf-8 # Author:heboan Date:2018-04-16 import os import subprocess from datetime import date import re import tarfile import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText class Bkdb: host = 'localhost' port = 3306 user = 'bkuser' passwd = 'xxxxxx' socket = '/opt/app/mysql-5.6.34/tmp/mysql.sock' bk_paths = ['/opt/bak', '/opt/bak/tgz'] bk_date = date.today().isoformat() #2018-04-16 bk_log = bk_paths[1] + '/' + bk_date + '.log' def __create_bkdir(self, bk_paths): '''创建备份目录''' for bk_path in bk_paths: if not os.path.exists(bk_path): os.makedirs(bk_path) subprocess.call('chown -R heboan.heboan {}'.format(bk_path), shell=True) def __backup(self): '''备份''' subprocess.call('innobackupex --host={0} \ --port={1} \ --user={2} \ --password={3} \ --socket={4} {5} >{6} 2>&1'.format(Bkdb.host, Bkdb.port, Bkdb.user, Bkdb.passwd, Bkdb.socket, Bkdb.bk_paths[0], Bkdb.bk_log),shell=True) with open(Bkdb.bk_log, 'r') as f: lines = f.readlines() last_line = lines[-1].strip('\n') if last_line[-3:-1] == 'OK': #print '备份完成' return True else: return False def __apply(self, is_ok): '''确定备份是否可用''' if is_ok: dirs = os.listdir(Bkdb.bk_paths[0]) for dir in dirs: if Bkdb.bk_date in dir: subprocess.call('innobackupex \ --apply-log {0}/{1} >{2} 2>&1'.format(Bkdb.bk_paths[0], dir, Bkdb.bk_log), shell=True) with open(Bkdb.bk_log, 'r') as f: lines = f.readlines() last_line = lines[-1].strip('\n') if last_line[-3:-1] == 'OK': #print '备份可用' return dir else: return False else: return False def __tgz(self, dir_name): '''备份打包''' if dir_name: try: os.chdir(Bkdb.bk_paths[0]) tgz_name = Bkdb.bk_paths[1] + '/mysql_' + dir_name + '.tar.gz' with tarfile.open(tgz_name, 'w:gz') as f: f.add(dir_name) #print '打包成功' subprocess.call('rm -rf {}'.format(Bkdb.bk_paths[0] + '/' + dir_name), shell=True) size = self.__formatSize(os.path.getsize(tgz_name)) return {"file_name": tgz_name, "file_size": size} except Exception as e: return False else: return False def __sendemail(self, file_info): '''邮件通知''' HOST = 'smtp.xxxxx.com' #发件邮箱的smtp SUBJECT = '数据库备份报告' To = ['[email protected],[email protected]'] #收件人，可以写多个 FROM = '[email protected]' #发件邮箱 if file_info: msg = MIMEText(""" <table width="800p" border="0" cellspacing="0", cellpadding="4"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#CECFAD" height="20" style="font-size:14px"> 数据库备份报告</td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EFEBDE" height="100" style="font-size:13px"> 备份文件名: {} <br> 备份文件大小: {} <br> 备份来源: pr-db-01(从库) <br> 备份状态: 成功 </td> </tr> </table> """.format(file_info['file_name'], file_info['file_size']), "html", "utf-8") else: msg = MIMEText(""" <table width="800p" border="0" cellspacing="0", cellpadding="4"> <tr> <td bgcolor="#CECFAD" height="20" style="font-size:14px"> 数据库备份报告</td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EFEBDE" height="100" style="font-size:13px"> 备份状态: 失败 </td> </tr> </table> """, "html", "utf-8") msg['Subject'] = SUBJECT msg['From'] = FROM msg['To'] = ';'.join(To) try: server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(host=HOST, port=465) #server.connect(HOST, "25") #server.starttls() server.login("[email protected]", "bt6eJtLBPz") server.sendmail(FROM, To, msg.as_string()) server.quit() #print '发送成功' except Exception as e: #print '发送失败: ' + str(e) pass def __formatSize(self, bytes): bytes = float(bytes) kb = bytes / 1024 if kb >= 1024: M = kb /1024 if M >= 1024: G = M /1024 return "{} G".format(G) else: return "{} M".format(M) else: return "{} K".format(kb) def go(self): self.__create_bkdir(Bkdb.bk_paths) is_ok = self.__backup() dir_name = self.__apply(is_ok) file_info = self.__tgz(dir_name) self.__sendemail(file_info) bkdb = Bkdb() bkdb.go()