Python之NMAP详解

一、NMAP简介

NMap，也就是Network Mapper，最早是Linux下的网络扫描和嗅探工具包。

nmap是一个网络连接端扫描软件，用来扫描网上电脑开放的网络连接端。确定哪些服务运行在哪些连接端，并且推断计算机运行哪个操作系统（这是亦称 fingerprinting）。它是网络管理员必用的软件之一，以及用以评估网络系统安全。

正如大多数被用于网络安全的工具，nmap 也是不少黑客及骇客（又称脚本小子）爱用的工具 。系统管理员可以利用nmap来探测工作环境中未经批准使用的服务器，但是黑客会利用nmap来搜集目标电脑的网络设定，从而计划攻击的方法。

Nmap 常被跟评估系统漏洞软件Nessus 混为一谈。Nmap 以隐秘的手法，避开闯入检测系统的监视，并尽可能不影响目标系统的日常操作。

Nmap 在黑客帝国(The Matrix)中，连同SSH1的32位元循环冗余校验漏洞，被崔妮蒂用以入侵发电站的能源管理系统。

二、功能介绍

基本功能有三个，一是探测一组主机是否在线；其次是扫描 主机端口，嗅探所提供的网络服务；还可以推断主机所用的操作系统 。Nmap可用于扫描仅有两个节点的LAN，直至500个节点以上的网络。Nmap 还允许用户定制扫描技巧。通常，一个简单的使用ICMP协议的ping操作可以满足一般需求；也可以深入探测UDP或者TCP端口，直至主机所 使用的操作系统；还可以将所有探测结果记录到各种格式的日志中， 供进一步分析操作。

进行ping扫描，打印出对扫描做出响应的主机,不做进一步测试(如端口扫描或者操作系统探测)：

nmap -sP 192.168.1.0/24
仅列出指定网络上的每台主机，不发送任何报文到目标主机：

nmap -sL 192.168.1.0/24
探测目标主机开放的端口，可以指定一个以逗号分隔的端口列表(如-PS22，23，25，80)：

nmap -PS 192.168.1.234
使用UDP ping探测主机：

nmap -PU 192.168.1.0/24
使用频率最高的扫描选项：SYN扫描,又称为半开放扫描，它不打开一个完全的TCP连接，执行得很快：

nmap -sS 192.168.1.0/24

三、NMAP安装

本文以linux Ubuntu16.04为例，最后主要用python操作

1. 先安装nmap

sudo apt-get install nmap
2.再安装python-nmap

sudo pip3.6 install python-nmap
安装完之后python导入nmap测试验证是否成功

➜  ~ python3.6
Python 3.6.4 (v3.6.4:d48ecebad5, Dec 18 2017, 21:07:28)
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> import nmap

四、Python操作NMAP

案例

创建PortScanner实例，然后扫描159.239.210.26这个IP的20-443端口。

import nmap

nm = nmap.PortScanner()
ret = nm.scan('115.239.210.26','20')
print (ret)

返回格式如下:
{'nmap': {'scanstats': 
{'uphosts': '1', 'timestr': 'Tue Oct 25 11:30:47 2016', 'downhosts': '0', 'totalhosts': '1', 'elapsed': '1.11'},
 'scaninfo': {'tcp': {'services': '20', 'method': 'connect'}}, 'command_line': 'nmap -oX - -p 20 -sV 115.239.210.26'},
 'scan': {'115.239.210.26': {'status': {'state': 'up', 'reason': 'syn-ack'}, 'hostnames': [{'type': '', 'name': ''}],
 'vendor': {}, 'addresses': {'ipv4': '115.239.210.26'},
 'tcp': {20: {'product': '', 'state': 'filtered', 'version': '', 'name': 'ftp-data', 'conf': '3', 'extrainfo': '', 
'reason': 'no-response', 'cpe': ''}
}
}
}
}

内置方法

import nmap  
nm = nmap.PortScanner() 
print (nm.scaninfo())
# {u'tcp': {'services': u'20-443', 'method': u'syn'}}
print (nm.command_line())
# u'nmap -oX - -p 20-443 -sV 115.239.210.26' 


# 查看有多少个host

print (nm.all_hosts())
# [u'115.239.210.26'] 
# 查看该host的详细信息

nm['115.239.210.26']
# 查看该host包含的所有协议

nm['115.239.210.26'].all_protocols() 
# 查看该host的哪些端口提供了tcp协议

nm['115.239.210.26']['tcp']

nm['115.239.210.26']['tcp'].keys() 
# 查看该端口是否提供了tcp协议

nm['115.239.210.26'].has_tcp(21)
# 还可以像这样设置nmap执行的参数

nm.scan(hosts='192.168.1.0/24', arguments='-n -sP -PE -PA21,23,80,3389') 

五、检测内网机器端口

定义函数库mytools.py

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*- 
import smtplib 
from email.mime.text import MIMEText 
from email.header import Header 
def sendemail(sender,receiver,subject,content,smtpserver,smtpuser,smtppass): 
    msg = MIMEText(content,'html','utf-8')#中文需参数‘utf-8'，单字节字符不需要 
    msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8') 
    msg['From'] = '<%s>' % sender 
    msg['To'] = ";".join(receiver) 
    try: 
        smtp = smtplib.SMTP() 
        smtp.connect(smtpserver) 
        smtp.login(smtpuser, smtppass) 
        smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string()) 
        smtp.quit() 
    except Exception,e: 
        print (e)

实现端口扫描的程序，单线程版本nmscan.py

# !/usr/bin/python 
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 

import nmap
import re
import mytools as tool
import sys

reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')


def nmScan(hostlist, portrange, whitelist):
    p = re.compile("^(\d*)\-(\d*)$")


    if type(hostlist) != list:
        help()
    portmatch = re.match(p, portrange)
    if not portmatch:
        help()
    l = []
    for host in hostlist:
        result = ''
    nm = nmap.PortScanner()
    tmp = nm.scan(host, portrange)
    result = result + "<h2>ip地址:%s 主机名:[%s]  ......  %s</h2><hr>" % (
    host, tmp['scan'][host]['hostname'], tmp['scan'][host]['status']['state'])
    try:
        ports = tmp['scan'][host]['tcp'].keys()
    except KeyError, e:
        if whitelist:
            whitestr = ','.join(whitelist)
            result = result + "未扫到开放端口!请检查%s端口对应的服务状态" % whitestr
        else:
            result = result + "扫描结果正常，无暴漏端口"
    for port in ports:
        info = ''
        if port not in whitelist:
            info = '<strong><font color=red>Alert:非预期端口</font><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;'
        else:
            info = '<strong><font color=green>Info:正常开放端口</font><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;'
        portinfo = "%s <strong>port</strong> : %s &nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>state</strong> : %s &nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>product<strong/> : %s <br>" % (
        info, port, tmp['scan'][host]['tcp'][port]['state'],
        tmp['scan'][host]['tcp'][port]['product'])
        result = result + portinfo
    l.append([host, str(result)])
    return l


def help():
    print ("Usage: nmScan(['127.0.0.1',],'0-65535')")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    hostlist = ['10.10.10.10', '10.10.10.11']
    portrange = '0-65535'
    whitelist = [80, 443]
    l = nmScan(hostlist, portrange, whitelist)
    sender = '[email protected]'
    receiver = ['[email protected]', '[email protected]']
    subject = '服务器端口扫描'
    smtpserver = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com'
    smtpuser = '[email protected]'
    smtppass = 'linuxidc163'
    mailcontent = ''
    for i in range(len(l)):
        mailcontent = mailcontent + l[i][1]
    tool.sendemail(sender, receiver, subject, mailcontent, smtpserver, smtpuser, smtppass)

多线程版本

# !/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import nmap
import re
import mytools as tool
import sys
from multiprocessing import Pool
from functools import partial

reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')


def nmScan(host, portrange, whitelist):
    p = re.compile("^(\d*)\-(\d*)$")
    # if type(hostlist) != list:
    #    help()
    portmatch = re.match(p, portrange)
    if not portmatch:
        help()

    if host == '121.42.32.172':
        whitelist = [25, ]
    result = ''
    nm = nmap.PortScanner()
    tmp = nm.scan(host, portrange)
    result = result + "<h2>ip地址:%s 主机名:[%s]  ......  %s</h2><hr>" % (
    host, tmp['scan'][host]['hostname'], tmp['scan'][host]['status']['state'])
    try:
        ports = tmp['scan'][host]['tcp'].keys()
        for port in ports:
            info = ''
            if port not in whitelist:
                info = '<strong><font color=red>Alert:非预期端口</font><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;'
            else:
                info = '<strong><font color=green>Info:正常开放端口</font><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;'
            portinfo = "%s <strong>port</strong> : %s &nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>state</strong> : %s &nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>product<strong/> : %s <br>" % (
            info, port, tmp['scan'][host]['tcp'][port]['state'], tmp['scan'][host]['tcp'][port]['product'])
            result = result + portinfo
    except KeyError, e:
        if whitelist:
            whitestr = ','.join(whitelist)
            result = result + "未扫到开放端口!请检查%s端口对应的服务状态" % whitestr
        else:
            result = result + "扫描结果正常，无暴漏端口"
    return result


def help():
    print （"Usage: nmScan(['127.0.0.1',],'0-65535')"）
    return None


if __name__ == "__main__":
    hostlist = ['10.10.10.10', '10.10.10.11']
    portrange = '0-65535'
    whitelist = [80, 443]
    l = nmScan(hostlist, portrange, whitelist)
    sender = '[email protected]'
    receiver = ['[email protected]', '[email protected]']
    subject = '服务器端口扫描'
    smtpserver = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com'
    smtpuser = '[email protected]'
    smtppass = 'linuxidc163'
    mailcontent = ''
    for i in range(len(l)):
        mailcontent = mailcontent + l[i][1]
    tool.sendemail(sender, receiver, subject, mailcontent, smtpserver, smtpuser, smtppass)