Vim 使用&配置及ACK 工具使用&配置

VIM

一 、Vim 简介

Vim 是Linux系统上的最著名的文本/代码编辑器，最大特色是完全使用键盘命令进行编辑，使用键盘流的各种组合进行操作，完全脱离了鼠标，提高工作效率。

二、Vim 使用

Photon@ct-srv02:~$ vim Android/frameworks/base/services/usb/java/com/android/server/usb/UsbDeviceManager.java

在Xshell或者Linux 命令行输入 vimtutor后回车，会显示详尽的《VIM 使用教程》，部分如下：

Photon@ct-srv02:~$ vimtutor 

===============================================================================
=      歡     迎     閱     讀   《 V I M  教  程 》   ──     版本 1.5      =
===============================================================================
     vim 是一個具有很多命令的功能非常強大的編輯器。限于篇幅，在本教程當中
     不就詳細介紹了。本教程的設計目標是講述一些必要的基本命令，而掌握好這
     些命令，您就能夠很容易將vim當作一個通用的萬能編輯器來使用了。

     完成本教程的內容大約需要25-30分鐘，取決于您訓練的時間。

     每一節的命令操作將會更改本文。推薦您復制本文的一個副本，然後在副本上
     進行訓練(如果您是通過"vimtutor"來啟動教程的，那麼本文就已經是副本了)。

     切記一點︰本教程的設計思路是在使用中進行學習的。也就是說，您需要通過
     執行命令來學習它們本身的正確用法。如果您只是閱讀而不操作，那麼您可能
     會很快遺忘這些命令的！

     好了，現在請確定您的Shift-Lock(大小寫鎖定鍵)還沒有按下，然後按鍵盤上
     的字母鍵 j 足夠多的次數來移動光標，直到第一節的內容能夠完全充滿屏幕。

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                        第一講第一節︰移動光標


   ※※ 要移動光標，請依照說明分別按下 h、j、k、l 鍵。 ※※

             ^
             k              提示︰ h 的鍵位于左邊，每次按下就會向左移動。
       < h       l >               l 的鍵位于右邊，每次按下就會向右移動。
             j                     j 鍵看起來很象一支尖端方向朝下的箭頭。
             v

三、配置自定义.vimrc文件

Photon@ct-srv02:~$ ls -al | grep .vim
drwxr-xr-x  2 tanhongguang tanhongguang  4096  5月  4  2017 .vim
-rw-------  1 tanhongguang tanhongguang 21364  4月 23 10:54 .viminfo
-rw-rw-r--  1 tanhongguang tanhongguang 10468  4月 28  2017 .vimrc

将如下代码保存成.vimrc文件，替换工作目录下默认的.vimrc文件：

" maintainer: 
"       Amir Salihefendic
"       http://amix.dk - [email protected]
"
" Version: 
"       5.0 - 29/05/12 15:43:36
"
" Blog_post: 
"       http://amix.dk/blog/post/19691#The-ultimate-Vim-configuration-on-Github
"
" Awesome_version:
"       Get this config, nice color schemes and lots of plugins!
"
"       Install the awesome version from:
"
"           https://github.com/amix/vimrc
"
" Syntax_highlighted:
"       http://amix.dk/vim/vimrc.html
"
" Raw_version: 
"       http://amix.dk/vim/vimrc.txt
"
" Sections:
"    -> General
"    -> VIM user interface
"    -> Colors and Fonts
"    -> Files and backups
"    -> Text, tab and indent related
"    -> Visual mode related
"    -> Moving around, tabs and buffers
"    -> Status line
"    -> Editing mappings
"    -> vimgrep searching and cope displaying
"    -> Spell checking
"    -> Misc
"    -> Helper functions
"
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""


"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => General
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Sets how many lines of history VIM has to remember
set history=500

" Enable filetype plugins
filetype plugin on
filetype indent on

" Set to auto read when a file is changed from the outside
set autoread

" With a map leader it's possible to do extra key combinations
" like <leader>w saves the current file
let mapleader = ","
let g:mapleader = ","

" Fast saving
nmap <leader>w :w!<cr>

" :W sudo saves the file 
" (useful for handling the permission-denied error)
command W w !sudo tee % > /dev/null


"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => VIM user interface
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Set 7 lines to the cursor - when moving vertically using j/k
set so=7

" Avoid garbled characters in Chinese language windows OS
let $LANG='en' 
set langmenu=en
source $VIMRUNTIME/delmenu.vim
source $VIMRUNTIME/menu.vim

" Turn on the WiLd menu
set wildmenu

" Ignore compiled files
set wildignore=*.o,*~,*.pyc
if has("win16") || has("win32")
    set wildignore+=.git\*,.hg\*,.svn\*
else
    set wildignore+=*/.git/*,*/.hg/*,*/.svn/*,*/.DS_Store
endif

"Always show current position
set ruler

" Height of the command bar
set cmdheight=2

" A buffer becomes hidden when it is abandoned
set hid

" Configure backspace so it acts as it should act
set backspace=eol,start,indent
set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l

" Ignore case when searching
set ignorecase

" When searching try to be smart about cases 
set smartcase

" Highlight search results
set hlsearch

" Makes search act like search in modern browsers
set incsearch 

" Don't redraw while executing macros (good performance config)
set lazyredraw 

" For regular expressions turn magic on
set magic

" Show matching brackets when text indicator is over them
set showmatch 
" How many tenths of a second to blink when matching brackets
set mat=2

" No annoying sound on errors
set noerrorbells
set novisualbell
set t_vb=
set tm=500

" Add a bit extra margin to the left
set foldcolumn=1


"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => Colors and Fonts
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Enable syntax highlighting
syntax enable 

try
    colorscheme desert
catch
endtry

set background=dark

" Set extra options when running in GUI mode
if has("gui_running")
    set guioptions-=T
    set guioptions-=e
    set t_Co=256
    set guitablabel=%M\ %t
endif

" Set utf8 as standard encoding and en_US as the standard language
set encoding=utf8

" Use Unix as the standard file type
set ffs=unix,dos,mac


"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => Files, backups and undo
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Turn backup off, since most stuff is in SVN, git et.c anyway...
set nobackup
set nowb
set noswapfile


"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => Text, tab and indent related
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Use spaces instead of tabs
set expandtab

" Be smart when using tabs ;)
set smarttab

" 1 tab == 4 spaces
set shiftwidth=4
set tabstop=4

" Linebreak on 500 characters
set lbr
set tw=500

set ai "Auto indent
set si "Smart indent
set wrap "Wrap lines


""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => Visual mode related
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Visual mode pressing * or # searches for the current selection
" Super useful! From an idea by Michael Naumann
vnoremap <silent> * :<C-u>call VisualSelection('', '')<CR>/<C-R>=@/<CR><CR>
vnoremap <silent> # :<C-u>call VisualSelection('', '')<CR>?<C-R>=@/<CR><CR>


"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => Moving around, tabs, windows and buffers
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Map <Space> to / (search) and Ctrl-<Space> to ? (backwards search)
map <space> /
map <c-space> ?

" Disable highlight when <leader><cr> is pressed
map <silent> <leader><cr> :noh<cr>

" Smart way to move between windows
map <C-j> <C-W>j
map <C-k> <C-W>k
map <C-h> <C-W>h
map <C-l> <C-W>l

" Close the current buffer
map <leader>bd :Bclose<cr>:tabclose<cr>gT

" Close all the buffers
map <leader>ba :bufdo bd<cr>

map <leader>l :bnext<cr>
map <leader>h :bprevious<cr>

" Useful mappings for managing tabs
map <leader>tn :tabnew<cr>
map <leader>to :tabonly<cr>
map <leader>tc :tabclose<cr>
map <leader>tm :tabmove 
map <leader>t<leader> :tabnext 

" Let 'tl' toggle between this and the last accessed tab
let g:lasttab = 1
nmap <Leader>tl :exe "tabn ".g:lasttab<CR>
au TabLeave * let g:lasttab = tabpagenr()


" Opens a new tab with the current buffer's path
" Super useful when editing files in the same directory
map <leader>te :tabedit <c-r>=expand("%:p:h")<cr>/

" Switch CWD to the directory of the open buffer
map <leader>cd :cd %:p:h<cr>:pwd<cr>

" Specify the behavior when switching between buffers 
try
  set switchbuf=useopen,usetab,newtab
  set stal=2
catch
endtry

" Return to last edit position when opening files (You want this!)
au BufReadPost * if line("'\"") > 1 && line("'\"") <= line("$") | exe "normal! g'\"" | endif


""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => Status line
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Always show the status line
set laststatus=2

" Format the status line
set statusline=\ %{HasPaste()}%F%m%r%h\ %w\ \ CWD:\ %r%{getcwd()}%h\ \ \ Line:\ %l\ \ Column:\ %c



"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => Editing mappings
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Remap VIM 0 to first non-blank character
map 0 ^

" Move a line of text using ALT+[jk] or Command+[jk] on mac
nmap <M-j> mz:m+<cr>`z
nmap <M-k> mz:m-2<cr>`z
vmap <M-j> :m'>+<cr>`<my`>mzgv`yo`z
vmap <M-k> :m'<-2<cr>`>my`<mzgv`yo`z

if has("mac") || has("macunix")
  nmap <D-j> <M-j>
  nmap <D-k> <M-k>
  vmap <D-j> <M-j>
  vmap <D-k> <M-k>
endif

" Delete trailing white space on save, useful for Python and CoffeeScript ;)
func! DeleteTrailingWS()
  exe "normal mz"
  %s/\s\+$//ge
  exe "normal `z"
endfunc
autocmd BufWrite *.py :call DeleteTrailingWS()
autocmd BufWrite *.coffee :call DeleteTrailingWS()


"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => Ag searching and cope displaying
"    requires ag.vim - it's much better than vimgrep/grep
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" When you press gv you Ag after the selected text
vnoremap <silent> gv :call VisualSelection('gv', '')<CR>

" Open Ag and put the cursor in the right position
map <leader>g :Ag 

" When you press <leader>r you can search and replace the selected text
vnoremap <silent> <leader>r :call VisualSelection('replace', '')<CR>

" Do :help cope if you are unsure what cope is. It's super useful!
"
" When you search with Ag, display your results in cope by doing:
"   <leader>cc
"
" To go to the next search result do:
"   <leader>n
"
" To go to the previous search results do:
"   <leader>p
"
map <leader>cc :botright cope<cr>
map <leader>co ggVGy:tabnew<cr>:set syntax=qf<cr>pgg
map <leader>n :cn<cr>
map <leader>p :cp<cr>


"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => Spell checking
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Pressing ,ss will toggle and untoggle spell checking
map <leader>ss :setlocal spell!<cr>

" Shortcuts using <leader>
map <leader>sn ]s
map <leader>sp [s
map <leader>sa zg
map <leader>s? z=


"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => Misc
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Remove the Windows ^M - when the encodings gets messed up
noremap <Leader>m mmHmt:%s/<C-V><cr>//ge<cr>'tzt'm

" Quickly open a buffer for scribble
map <leader>q :e ~/buffer<cr>

" Quickly open a markdown buffer for scribble
map <leader>x :e ~/buffer.md<cr>

" Toggle paste mode on and off
map <leader>pp :setlocal paste!<cr>




"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => Helper functions
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
function! CmdLine(str)
    exe "menu Foo.Bar :" . a:str
    emenu Foo.Bar
    unmenu Foo
endfunction 

function! VisualSelection(direction, extra_filter) range
    let l:saved_reg = @"
    execute "normal! vgvy"

    let l:pattern = escape(@", '\\/.*$^~[]')
    let l:pattern = substitute(l:pattern, "\n$", "", "")

    if a:direction == 'gv'
        call CmdLine("Ag \"" . l:pattern . "\" " )
    elseif a:direction == 'replace'
        call CmdLine("%s" . '/'. l:pattern . '/')
    endif

    let @/ = l:pattern
    let @" = l:saved_reg
endfunction


" Returns true if paste mode is enabled
function! HasPaste()
    if &paste
        return 'PASTE MODE  '
    endif
    return ''
endfunction

" Don't close window, when deleting a buffer
command! Bclose call <SID>BufcloseCloseIt()
function! <SID>BufcloseCloseIt()
   let l:currentBufNum = bufnr("%")
   let l:alternateBufNum = bufnr("#")

   if buflisted(l:alternateBufNum)
     buffer #
   else
     bnext
   endif

   if bufnr("%") == l:currentBufNum
     new
   endif

   if buflisted(l:currentBufNum)
     execute("bdelete! ".l:currentBufNum)
   endif
endfunction

" Make VIM remember position in file after reopen
" if has("autocmd")
"   au BufReadPost * if lin

使用ACK进行代码搜索：

一、配置安装：

先将ack文件拷贝到服务器或者Linux 工作目录，建立bin文件夹，将ack文件拷贝到bin文件夹中

Photon@ct-srv02:~$ mkdir bin
Photon@ct-srv02:~$ cd bin/
Photon@ct-srv02:~/bin$ cp ../ack .
Photon@ct-srv02:~$ ls bin
ack

ack 文件下载：

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1lQB301jO8_PWJogkvJ9Yzg 密码：wgy6

ACK常用使用：

使用实例：

Photon@ct-srv02:~/Android$ ack UsbDeviceManager frameworks/base/ -w --java

Photon@ct-srv02:~/Android$ ack usb_mtp_notification_title frameworks/base/ -w --xml

Photon@ct-srv02:~/Android$ ack usb frameworks/base/ -w --make

ack 查找的内容 查找的文件夹 过滤文件后缀—xm/--java/--make
-i 忽略大小写
-w 完全匹配