Gruntfile.js详解

使用yeomen新建一个项目，里面会自动帮你创建一个完整项目的全部目录，这里针对新建出来的Gruntfile.js做一下简单说明，用作以后参考使用，由于还是菜鸟，很多东西没有使用过，所以就不做过多的解释，等以后有了一定的理解再做补充

网址

time-grunt与jit-grunt

time-grunt
time-grunt地址
完成任务的时间。可以帮助优化建立时间
jit-grunt
jit-grunt地址
自动加载所需任务

grunt.registerTask

grunt.initConfig

任务配置
如果传入description和taskFunction，每当任务运行时，指定的函数（taskFunction）都会被执行。此外，当执行 grunt –help时，前面指定的描述（description）就会显示出来。特定任务的属性和方法在任务函数内部通过this对象的属性即可访问。如果任务函数返回false表示任务失败。

grunt.task.run

将一个或多个任务放入队列中。 taskList 中的每个任务都会按照其在队列中的顺序，在当前任务执行完毕后立即执行。任务列表可以是一个任务数组或单个任务

config

这里的config可以理解为全局上下文参数设置，后面会用到这里的参数

每个目标的具体设置，需要参考该模板的文档。就cssmin来讲，minify目标的参数具体含义如下：

expand：如果设为true，就表示下面文件名的占位符（即*号）都要扩展成具体的文件名。
cwd：需要处理的文件（input）所在的目录。
src：表示需要处理的文件。如果采用数组形式，数组的每一项就是一个文件名，可以使用通配符。
dest：表示处理后的文件名或所在目录。
ext：表示处理后的文件后缀名。

除了上面这些参数，还有一些参数也是grunt所有模块通用的。

filter：一个返回布尔值的函数，用于过滤文件名。只有返回值为true的文件，才会被grunt处理。
dot：是否匹配以点号（.）开头的系统文件。
makeBase：如果设置为true，就只匹配文件路径的最后一部分。比如，a?b可以匹配/xyz/123/acb，而不匹配/xyz/acb/123。

关于通配符，含义如下：

*：匹配任意数量的字符，不包括/。
?：匹配单个字符，不包括/。
**：匹配任意数量的字符，包括/。
{}：允许使用逗号分隔的列表，表示“or”（或）关系。
!：用于模式的开头，表示只返回不匹配的情况。

watch

watch是一个特殊的任务，它可以在目标文件保存时自动触发一系列任务的运行。在命令行工具中运行grunt watch命令，此时，你修改并保存文件就会触发watch,里面的参数可以看出
files：[]监控哪些文件，tasks:[]触发后执行哪些任务

BrowserSync

BrowserSync 是一个自动化测试辅助工具，可以帮你在网页文件变更时自动载入新的网页。

clean

grunt-contrib-clean
清除文件模块

jshinit

grunt-contrib-jshint：检查JavaScript语法

Mocha

Mocha是node.js中最常用的测试框架

sass

将sass转换为css

wiredep

用来根据 bower.json 在指定文件的占位符中注入 JavaScript 或者 CSS 依赖。
grunt-wiredep

filerev

grunt-filerev

useminPrepare

根据 <%= yeoman.app %>/index.html 中的 usemin 块生成 JS 和 CSS 的压缩配置，并指定输出路径为 <%= yeoman.dist %> 。

usemin

页面中的usemin模块

<!-- build:css(.) styles/vendor.css -->

<!-- bower:css -->

<!-- endbower -->

<!-- endbuild -->

<!-- build:css(.tmp) styles/main.css -->

< link rel = "stylesheet" href = "styles/main.css" >

<!-- endbuild -->

<!-- build:js(.) scripts/vendor.js -->

<!-- bower:js -->

<!-- endbower -->

<!-- endbuild -->

<!-- build:js({.tmp,app}) scripts/scripts.js -->

<!-- endbuild -->

grunt-usemin

copy

用于复制文件与目录
grunt-contrib-copy

modernizr

grunt-modernizr

concurrent

用于运行并行任务。对于耗时的任务（如 Coffee and Sass）或者运行多个阻塞任务（如 nodemon and watch ）时很有用。
grunt-concurrent

newer

grunt-newer 配置任务只对新的文件运行任务。 newer 任务不要求特殊的配置，你只需要在任务前加上 newer: 。

附录：grunt.js文件

/*jshint node:true*/

// Generated on 2015-06-30 using
// generator-webapp 0.6.2
'use strict';

// # Globbing
// for performance reasons we're only matching one level down:
// 'test/spec/{,*/}*.js'
// If you want to recursively match all subfolders, use:
// 'test/spec/**/*.js'

module.exports = function (grunt) {

  // Time how long tasks take. Can help when optimizing build times
  require('time-grunt')(grunt);

  // Automatically load required grunt tasks
  require('jit-grunt')(grunt, {
      useminPrepare: 'grunt-usemin'
  });

  // Configurable paths
  var config = {
    app: 'app',
    dist: 'dist'
  };

  // Define the configuration for all the tasks
  grunt.initConfig({

    // Project settings
    config: config,

    // Watches files for changes and runs tasks based on the changed files
    watch: {
      bower: {
        files: ['bower.json'],
        tasks: ['wiredep']
      },
      js: {
        files: ['<%= config.app %>/scripts/{,*/}*.js'],
        tasks: ['jshint']
      },
      jstest: {
        files: ['test/spec/{,*/}*.js'],
        tasks: ['test:watch']
      },
      gruntfile: {
        files: ['Gruntfile.js']
      },
      sass: {
        files: ['<%= config.app %>/styles/{,*/}*.{scss,sass}'],
        tasks: ['sass:server', 'postcss']
      },
      styles: {
        files: ['<%= config.app %>/styles/{,*/}*.css'],
        tasks: ['newer:copy:styles', 'postcss']
      }
    },

    browserSync: {
      options: {
        notify: false,
        background: true
      },
      livereload: {
        options: {
          files: [
            '<%= config.app %>/{,*/}*.html',
            '.tmp/styles/{,*/}*.css',
            '<%= config.app %>/images/{,*/}*',
            '<%= config.app %>/scripts/{,*/}*.js'
          ],
          port: 9000,
          server: {
            baseDir: ['.tmp', config.app],
            routes: {
              '/bower_components': './bower_components'
            }
          }
        }
      },
      test: {
        options: {
          port: 9001,
          open: false,
          logLevel: 'silent',
          host: 'localhost',
          server: {
            baseDir: ['.tmp', './test', config.app],
            routes: {
              '/bower_components': './bower_components'
            }
          }
        }
      },
      dist: {
        options: {
          background: false,
          server: '<%= config.dist %>'
        }
      }
    },

    // Empties folders to start fresh
    clean: {
      dist: {
        files: [{
          dot: true,
          src: [
            '.tmp',
            '<%= config.dist %>/*',
            '!<%= config.dist %>/.git*'
          ]
        }]
      },
      server: '.tmp'
    },

    // Make sure code styles are up to par and there are no obvious mistakes
    jshint: {
      options: {
        jshintrc: '.jshintrc',
        reporter: require('jshint-stylish')
      },
      all: [
        'Gruntfile.js',
        '<%= config.app %>/scripts/{,*/}*.js',
        '!<%= config.app %>/scripts/vendor/*',
        'test/spec/{,*/}*.js'
      ]
    },

    // Mocha testing framework configuration options
    mocha: {
      all: {
        options: {
          run: true,
          urls: ['http://<%= browserSync.test.options.host %>:<%= browserSync.test.options.port %>/index.html']
        }
      }
    },

    // Compiles Sass to CSS and generates necessary files if requested
    sass: {
      options: {
        sourceMap: true,
        sourceMapEmbed: true,
        sourceMapContents: true,
        includePaths: ['bower_components']
      },
      dist: {
        files: [{
          expand: true,
          cwd: '<%= config.app %>/styles',
          src: ['*.{scss,sass}'],
          dest: '.tmp/styles',
          ext: '.css'
        }]
      },
      server: {
        files: [{
          expand: true,
          cwd: '<%= config.app %>/styles',
          src: ['*.{scss,sass}'],
          dest: '.tmp/styles',
          ext: '.css'
        }]
      }
    },

    postcss: {
      options: {
        map: true,
        processors: [
          // Add vendor prefixed styles
          require('autoprefixer-core')({
            browsers: ['> 1%', 'last 2 versions', 'Firefox ESR', 'Opera 12.1']
          })
        ]
      },
      dist: {
        files: [{
          expand: true,
          cwd: '.tmp/styles/',
          src: '{,*/}*.css',
          dest: '.tmp/styles/'
        }]
      }
    },

    // Automatically inject Bower components into the HTML file
    wiredep: {
      app: {
        src: ['<%= config.app %>/index.html'],
        exclude: ['bootstrap.js'],
        ignorePath: /^<%= config.app %>\/|\.\.\//
      },
      sass: {
        src: ['<%= config.app %>/styles/{,*/}*.{scss,sass}'],
        ignorePath: /(\.\.\/){1,2}bower_components\//
      }
    },

    // Renames files for browser caching purposes
    filerev: {
      dist: {
        src: [
          '<%= config.dist %>/scripts/{,*/}*.js',
          '<%= config.dist %>/styles/{,*/}*.css',
          '<%= config.dist %>/images/{,*/}*.*',
          '<%= config.dist %>/styles/fonts/{,*/}*.*',
          '<%= config.dist %>/*.{ico,png}'
        ]
      }
    },

    // Reads HTML for usemin blocks to enable smart builds that automatically
    // concat, minify and revision files. Creates configurations in memory so
    // additional tasks can operate on them
    useminPrepare: {
      options: {
        dest: '<%= config.dist %>'
      },
      html: '<%= config.app %>/index.html'
    },

    // Performs rewrites based on rev and the useminPrepare configuration
    usemin: {
      options: {
        assetsDirs: [
          '<%= config.dist %>',
          '<%= config.dist %>/images',
          '<%= config.dist %>/styles'
        ]
      },
      html: ['<%= config.dist %>/{,*/}*.html'],
      css: ['<%= config.dist %>/styles/{,*/}*.css']
    },

    // The following *-min tasks produce minified files in the dist folder
    imagemin: {
      dist: {
        files: [{
          expand: true,
          cwd: '<%= config.app %>/images',
          src: '{,*/}*.{gif,jpeg,jpg,png}',
          dest: '<%= config.dist %>/images'
        }]
      }
    },

    svgmin: {
      dist: {
        files: [{
          expand: true,
          cwd: '<%= config.app %>/images',
          src: '{,*/}*.svg',
          dest: '<%= config.dist %>/images'
        }]
      }
    },

    htmlmin: {
      dist: {
        options: {
          collapseBooleanAttributes: true,
          collapseWhitespace: true,
          conservativeCollapse: true,
          removeAttributeQuotes: true,
          removeCommentsFromCDATA: true,
          removeEmptyAttributes: true,
          removeOptionalTags: true,
          // true would impact styles with attribute selectors
          removeRedundantAttributes: false,
          useShortDoctype: true
        },
        files: [{
          expand: true,
          cwd: '<%= config.dist %>',
          src: '{,*/}*.html',
          dest: '<%= config.dist %>'
        }]
      }
    },

    // By default, your `index.html`'s <!-- Usemin block --> will take care
    // of minification. These next options are pre-configured if you do not
    // wish to use the Usemin blocks.
    // cssmin: {
    //   dist: {
    //     files: {
    //       '<%= config.dist %>/styles/main.css': [
    //         '.tmp/styles/{,*/}*.css',
    //         '<%= config.app %>/styles/{,*/}*.css'
    //       ]
    //     }
    //   }
    // },
    // uglify: {
    //   dist: {
    //     files: {
    //       '<%= config.dist %>/scripts/scripts.js': [
    //         '<%= config.dist %>/scripts/scripts.js'
    //       ]
    //     }
    //   }
    // },
    // concat: {
    //   dist: {}
    // },

    // Copies remaining files to places other tasks can use
    copy: {
      dist: {
        files: [{
          expand: true,
          dot: true,
          cwd: '<%= config.app %>',
          dest: '<%= config.dist %>',
          src: [
            '*.{ico,png,txt}',
            'images/{,*/}*.webp',
            '{,*/}*.html',
            'styles/fonts/{,*/}*.*'
          ]
        }, {
          expand: true,
          dot: true,
          cwd: '.',
          src: 'bower_components/bootstrap-sass/assets/fonts/bootstrap/*',
          dest: '<%= config.dist %>'
        }]
      }
    },

    // Generates a custom Modernizr build that includes only the tests you
    // reference in your app
    modernizr: {
      dist: {
        devFile: 'bower_components/modernizr/modernizr.js',
        outputFile: '<%= config.dist %>/scripts/vendor/modernizr.js',
        files: {
          src: [
            '<%= config.dist %>/scripts/{,*/}*.js',
            '<%= config.dist %>/styles/{,*/}*.css',
            '!<%= config.dist %>/scripts/vendor/*'
          ]
        },
        uglify: true
      }
    },

    // Run some tasks in parallel to speed up build process
    concurrent: {
      server: [
        'sass:server'
      ],
      test: [
      ],
      dist: [
        'sass',
        'imagemin',
        'svgmin'
      ]
    }
  });


  grunt.registerTask('serve', 'start the server and preview your app', function (target) {

    if (target === 'dist') {
      return grunt.task.run(['build', 'browserSync:dist']);
    }

    grunt.task.run([
      'clean:server',
      'wiredep',
      'concurrent:server',
      'postcss',
      'browserSync:livereload',
      'watch'
    ]);
  });

  grunt.registerTask('server', function (target) {
    grunt.log.warn('The `server` task has been deprecated. Use `grunt serve` to start a server.');
    grunt.task.run([target ? ('serve:' + target) : 'serve']);
  });

  grunt.registerTask('test', function (target) {
    if (target !== 'watch') {
      grunt.task.run([
        'clean:server',
        'concurrent:test',
        'postcss'
      ]);
    }

    grunt.task.run([
      'browserSync:test',
      'mocha'
    ]);
  });

  grunt.registerTask('build', [
    'clean:dist',
    'wiredep',
    'useminPrepare',
    'concurrent:dist',
    'postcss',
    'concat',
    'cssmin',
    'uglify',
    'copy:dist',
    'modernizr',
    'filerev',
    'usemin',
    'htmlmin'
  ]);

  grunt.registerTask('default', [
    'newer:jshint',
    'test',
    'build'
  ]);
};

Grunt学习笔记002---Gruntfile.js详解