3.nodejs(三) 常用API

1.querystring

querystring: --- > qs npm i qs ==> qs:parse/stringify第三方插件,只有一个参数

JSON.parse  字符串转对象
JSON.stringify 对象转字符串

qs.parse() --- decode
qs.stringify() --- encode

parse/stringify(str/json,第一次切割符号,第二次切割符号)

qs.escape()   编码   encodeURIComponent
qs.unescape()  解码   decodeURIComponent

qs.decode 对象转字符串
qs.encode 字符串转对象

1.qs.parse(); qs.stringify();
qs.js
var qs = require("querystring");

var str = "a=12&b=5"
//{a:12,b:5}
var json = qs.parse(str);

console.log(json);

console.log(qs.stringify(json));

res:

my@my-THINK MINGW64 /d/workspace/7.11
$ node qs
{ a: '12', b: '5' }
a=12&b=5
qs3.js

//qs.parse/stringify(str,第一次切割的符号,第二次切割的符号)

var qs = require("querystring");

var str = "a|12=b|5=age|20";

//qs.parse/stringify(str,第一次切割的符号,第二次切割的符号)

var json = qs.parse(str,"=","|");

console.log(json);

console.log(qs.stringify(json,"=","|"));

res

my@my-THINK MINGW64 /d/workspace/7.11
$ node qs3
{ a: '12', b: '5', age: '20' }
a|12=b|5=age|20
qs4.js

引入第三方模块 npm i qs

//qs.parse/stringify(str)
后面不能跟分隔符号

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var qs = require("qs");

var str = "a=12&b=5";

var json = qs.parse(str);

console.log(json);

console.log((qs.stringify(json)));

res:

my@my-THINK MINGW64 /d/workspace/7.11
$ node qs4
{ a: '12', b: '5' }
a=12&b=5
2.qs.escape();编码 qs.unescape();解码
qs2.js
var qs = require("querystring");

var str = "aaa中文";
var code = encodeURIComponent(str);
console.log(code);

console.log(decodeURIComponent(code));
console.log("----------------------");
var code = qs.escape(str);
console.log(code);
console.log(qs.unescape(code));

res:

my@my-THINK MINGW64 /d/workspace/7.11
$ node qs2
aaa%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87
aaa中文
----------------------
aaa%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87
aaa中文
3.
qs.encode()//转字符串
qs.decode()//转对象 parse
qs5.js
var qs = require("querystring");
//encode|decode

//var str = "aaa中文";
var str = "a=12&b=5";
var str = {a:12,b:5};

var code = qs.encode(str);//转字符串  stringify

console.log(code);

console.log(qs.decode(code));//转对象 parse

res:

my@my-THINK MINGW64 /d/workspace/7.11
$ node qs5
a=12&b=5
{ a: '12', b: '5' }

2.url

url:
url.parse()--->urlObj
url.format(urlObj)--> strUrl
url.resolve(from, to);

URLSearchParams new URLSearchParams();

地址组成:

http://www.baidu.com:80/index.html?user=aaa&pass=123#page6


http://   www.baidu.com  :80     /index.html      ?user=aaa&pass=123      #page6
 
协议      域名           端口      路径(资源地址)   数据              锚点 哈希hash

location


Url {
  protocol: 'http:',
  slashes: true,
  auth: null,
  host: 'www.baidu.com:80',
  port: '80',
  hostname: 'www.baidu.com',
  hash: '#page6',
  search: '?user=aaa&pass=123',
  query: 'user=aaa&pass=123',
  pathname: '/index.html',
  path: '/index.html?user=aaa&pass=123',
  href: 'http://www.baidu.com:80/index.html?user=aaa&pass=123#p
age6' }



 URL {
  href: 'http://www.baidu.com/index.html?user=aaa&pass=123#page6',
  origin: 'http://www.baidu.com',
  protocol: 'http:',
  username: '',
  password: '',
  host: 'www.baidu.com',
  hostname: 'www.baidu.com',
  port: '',
  pathname: '/index.html',
  search: '?user=aaa&pass=123',
  searchParams: URLSearchParams { 'user' => 'aaa', 'pass' => '123'
},
  hash: '#page6' }
1.
.parse()转成对象
.format()转成字符串
url1.js
var modUrl = require("url");

var url = "http://www.baidu.com:80/index.html?user=aaa&pass=123#page6";

var urlObj = modUrl.parse(url);

console.log(1,urlObj);
console.log(2,modUrl.format(urlObj));

res:

my@my-THINK MINGW64 /d/workspace/7.11
$ node url1
1 Url {
  protocol: 'http:',
  slashes: true,
  auth: null,
  host: 'www.baidu.com:80',
  port: '80',
  hostname: 'www.baidu.com',
  hash: '#page6',
  search: '?user=aaa&pass=123',
  query: 'user=aaa&pass=123',
  pathname: '/index.html',
  path: '/index.html?user=aaa&pass=123',
  href: 'http://www.baidu.com:80/index.html?user=aaa&pass=123#page6' }
2 'http://www.baidu.com:80/index.html?user=aaa&pass=123#page6'
url2.js
var modUrl = require("url");

var url = "http://www.baidu.com:9000/index.html?user=aaa&pass=123#page6";

console.log(1,new modUrl.Url(url));
console.log(2,new modUrl.URL(url));

res:

my@my-THINK MINGW64 /d/workspace/7.11
$ node url2
1 Url {
  protocol: null,
  slashes: null,
  auth: null,
  host: null,
  port: null,
  hostname: null,
  hash: null,
  search: null,
  query: null,
  pathname: null,
  path: null,
  href: null }
2 URL {
  href: 'http://www.baidu.com:9000/index.html?user=aaa&pass=123#page6',
  origin: 'http://www.baidu.com:9000',
  protocol: 'http:',
  username: '',
  password: '',
  host: 'www.baidu.com:9000',
  hostname: 'www.baidu.com',
  port: '9000',
  pathname: '/index.html',
  search: '?user=aaa&pass=123',
  searchParams: URLSearchParams { 'user' => 'aaa', 'pass' => '123' },
  hash: '#page6' }
url3.js

.resolve(),替换路径

var modUrl = require("url");

console.log(modUrl.resolve('http://localhost:9000/login', 'index'));  
console.log(modUrl.resolve('http://localhost:9000/login', '/index')); 

console.log(modUrl.resolve('http://localhost:9000/users/login', 'index')); 
//不加/只替换最后一个相对路径

console.log(modUrl.resolve('http://localhost:9000/users/login', '/index'));  
//加/替换绝对路径

res:

my@my-THINK MINGW64 /d/workspace/7.11
$ node url3
http://localhost:9000/index
http://localhost:9000/index
http://localhost:9000/users/index
http://localhost:9000/index
url4.js

URLSearchParams
new URLSearchParams();

var modUrl = require("url");

var params = new modUrl.URLSearchParams();
console.log(params);

params.append("user","aaa");
params.append("pass","123");
//append添加数据
// user=aaa&pass=123
console.log(params);
console.log(params.toString());

res:

my@my-THINK MINGW64 /d/workspace/7.11
$ node url4
URLSearchParams {}
URLSearchParams { 'user' => 'aaa', 'pass' => '123' }
user=aaa&pass=123
url5.js
//node 10以上,才可以
var params = new URLSearchParams();

params.append("user","aaa");
params.append("pass","123");

// user=aaa&pass=123

console.log(params.toString());

res:

my@my-THINK MINGW64 /d/workspace/7.11
$ node url5

user=aaa&pass=123

3.path

path:

path.parse(path)
path.format(pathObject)

path.basename(path)
path.dirname(path) 路径
path.extname(path)

path.join() 相对路径 路径拼接
path.relative() 获取的相对路径 路线图
path.resolve() 绝对路径 路径拼接 碰到绝对路径 会替换

__dirname 绝对路径
__filename 绝对地址包含文件名

global 全集对象 相当于 window

path1.js
var path = require("path");

//win: \  linux /
var str = "D:\\wamp64\\www\\20180711\\path.js"; //window要用双斜线,向右撇
var str = "D:/wamp64/www/20180711/path.js";

var pathObj = path.parse(str);

console.log(pathObj);//字符串转对象

console.log(path.format(pathObj));//对象转字符串

res:

my@my-THINK MINGW64 /d/workspace/7.11
$ node path1
{ root: 'D:/',
  dir: 'D:/wamp64/www/20180711',
  base: 'path.js',
  ext: '.js',
  name: 'path' }
D:/wamp64/www/20180711\path.js
path2.js
var path = require("path");

var str = "D:/wamp64/www/20180711/path.js";

console.log(path.parse(str));
console.log("--------------------------");
console.log(path.basename(str));//文件名
console.log(path.dirname(str)); //路径
console.log(path.extname(str));//文件后缀 带点

console.log("--------------------------");

console.log(__dirname);
console.log(__filename);

res:

my@my-THINK MINGW64 /d/workspace/7.11
$ node path2
{ root: 'D:/',
  dir: 'D:/wamp64/www/20180711',
  base: 'path.js',
  ext: '.js',
  name: 'path' }
--------------------------
path.js
D:/wamp64/www/20180711
.js
--------------------------
D:\workspace\7.11
D:\workspace\7.11\path2.js
path31.js
var path = require("path");

console.log("www"+"/index.html");//只是拼接

console.log(path.join("www","/index.html"));
console.log(path.join("www","/////index.html"));//自动去除多余的/
console.log(path.join("www","index.html"));//自动添加/

res:

my@my-THINK MINGW64 /d/workspace/7.11
$ node path31
www/index.html
www\index.html
www\index.html
www\index.html
path32.js
var path = require("path");

console.log("www"+"/index.html");

console.log(path.join("\\a","b","c"));
console.log(path.join("/a","b","c"));

console.log(path.join("a","/b","../c")); //../返回上级目录

res:

my@my-THINK MINGW64 /d/workspace/7.11
$ node path32
www/index.html
\a\b\c
\a\b\c
a\c
path33.js
var path = require("path");

console.log(path.relative('/data/orandea/test/aaa', '/data/orandea/impl/bbb'));

console.log(path.relative('C:\\orandea\\test\\aaa', 'C:\\orandea\\impl\\bbb'));

res:

my@my-THINK MINGW64 /d/workspace/7.11
$ node path33
..\..\impl\bbb
..\..\impl\bbb
path34.js
var path = require("path");

/*  resolve返回绝对路径,参数前不加/,
在后面添加,加/直接替换全部  */

console.log(path.resolve("a","b","c"));
console.log(path.resolve("a","/b","/c"));
console.log(path.resolve("a/b/c","../d","../e"));

res:

my@my-THINK MINGW64 /d/workspace/7.11
$ node path34
D:\workspace\7.11\a\b\c
D:\c
D:\workspace\7.11\a\b\e

4.Buffer

Buffer 二进制流
操作方式和字符串类似

16进制 0-F

"a".chatCodeAt(0).toString(16); ascii:97 hex:61

97: a (ASCII)

String.fromCharCode(code);//ASCII转字符

中文的范围 4e00 - 9fa5
\u4e00(直接转成中文)
0X4e00(转成十进制)

hex: 16进制

Buffer.from(...); new Buffer(废弃)

buf1.js
var str = "abc";

//var buf = new Buffer(str);
var buf = Buffer.from(str);

console.log(buf);

//16进制 中文的范围 4e00 - 9fa5
console.log("a".charCodeAt(0).toString(16));

res:

$ node buf1
<Buffer 61 62 63>
61
buf2.js
const buf = Buffer.from('abc', 'ascii');

console.log(buf);
console.log(buf.toString('hex'));
console.log(buf.toString('base64'));

res:

$ node buf2
<Buffer 61 62 63>
616263
YWJj
buf3.js
const buf = Buffer.from([1, 2, 3]);

console.log(buf);

for(var i = 0; i < buf.length; i++){
    console.log(buf[i]);    
}
// Prints:
//   1
//   2
//   3
for (const b of buf) {
  console.log(b);
}

res:

$ node buf3
<Buffer 01 02 03>
1
2
3
1
2
3
buf4.js
var buf = Buffer.from([0x61, 0x62, 0x63]);
console.log(buf.toString());
var buf = Buffer.from("abc");
console.log(buf.toString());

res:

$ node buf4
abc
abc
buf42.js
var buf1 = Buffer.from("abc"); 

//var buf2 = Buffer.from(buf1);

var buf2 = Buffer.from("abc");

console.log(buf1.toString(),buf2.toString());//abc abc

console.log(buf1 == buf2);//false

console.log(buf1 === buf2);//false

console.log(buf1.toString() == buf2.toString());//true

console.log(Buffer.compare(buf1, buf2));//0 , 相同为0,不同为-1

res:

$ node buf42
abc abc
false
false
true
0
buf5.js
var str = "abc中文";
var buf = Buffer.from(str); 

console.log(buf);

console.log(str.length);
console.log(buf.length);
console.log(Buffer.byteLength(buf));

res:

$ node buf5
<Buffer 61 62 63 e4 b8 ad e6 96 87>
5
9
9
buf6.js
var str = "abc";

var arr = [];
for(var i = 0; i < str.length; i++){
    arr.push(Buffer.from(str[i]));//61 62 62 arr[buf1,buf2,buf3]
}
console.log(arr);
console.log(Buffer.concat(arr));

res:

$ node buf6
[ <Buffer 61>, <Buffer 62>, <Buffer 63> ]
<Buffer 61 62 63>
buf7.js

Buffer.isBuffer() 判断是否是Buffer

var str = "abc";
console.log(Buffer.isBuffer(str));

var buf = Buffer.from(str);
console.log(Buffer.isBuffer(buf));

res:

$ node buf7
false
true
buf8.js

.equals()判断buffer是否相等

const buf1 = Buffer.from('ABC');
const buf2 = Buffer.from('414243', 'hex');//ABC
const buf3 = Buffer.from('ABCD');

// 输出: true
console.log(buf1.equals(buf2));

// 输出: false
console.log(buf1.equals(buf3));

res:

$ node buf8
true
false
buf9.js
/*
buf.includes/indexOf
*/
var buf = Buffer.from('abcdef');

console.log(buf.includes("def"));//是否包含"def"

console.log(buf.indexOf("def"));
//是否包含"def",有的话输出开始下标,没有的话输出-1;

res:

$ node buf9
true
3
buf10.js
/*
buf.includes/indexOf
*/
var buf = Buffer.from('abcdef');

console.log(buf.keys());
console.log(buf.values());
//buf是一个对象,需循环输出key和value

console.log("------keys------------");
for(var n of buf.keys()){
    console.log(n);
}
console.log("------values------------");
for(var n of buf.values()){
    console.log(n,String.fromCharCode(n));
}

res:

$ node buf10
{}
{}
------keys------------
0
1
2
3
4
5
------values------------
97 'a'
98 'b'
99 'c'
100 'd'
101 'e'
102 'f'

5.fs 文件目录

文件

读写

fs.readFile    读
fs.writeFile    写
fs.appendFile   添加内容
fs.unlink     删除
fs.copyFile    复制

目录

fs.mkdir   创建
fs.rmdir   删除
fs.readdir   读

状态

文件或者目录是否存在

fs.exists 废弃
fs.access

判断是否是文件或者目录

fs.stat(path,function(stats){
        stats.isFile()/isDirectory()
})
监听

fs.watch(filename[, options][, listener])
fs.watchFile(filename[, options], listener)

fs1.js

写比读先执行

var fs = require("fs");
//readFile/Sync

//读
fs.readFile("a.txt",function(err,data){
    console.log(1,err,data);    
});
//写,找到a.txt没有的话创建,添加"aaa"到a.txt

fs.writeFile("a.txt","bbb",function(err){
    console.log(2,err); //返回null,表示没有错误
});

res:

$ node fs1
2 null
1 null <Buffer 62 62 62>
fs2.js

//copyFile("源文件","目标文件",回调函数)

var fs = require("fs");

//拷贝 1、先读 2、再写

//读
/*fs.readFile("a.txt",function(err,data){
    if(err){
        console.log("读取文件失败");
    } else {
        //写
        fs.writeFile("b.txt",data,function(err){
            if(err){
                console.log("拷贝失败");
            } else {
                console.log("拷贝成功");
            }   
        }); 
    }
    
});
*/
//copyFile("源文件","目标文件",回调函数)
fs.copyFile("a.txt","b.txt",function(err){
    if(err){
        console.log("拷贝失败");
    } else {
        console.log("拷贝成功");
    }   
});

rse:

$ node fs2
拷贝成功
fs3.js

//appendFile 创建文件或者追加

var fs = require("fs");
//appendFile 创建文件或者追加
fs.appendFile("b.txt","append",function(err){
    console.log(err);
});

res:

$ node fs3
null
fs4.js

unlink 删除文件 不能删除目录

var fs = require("fs");

//unlink 删除文件 不能删除目录
fs.unlink("b.txt",function(err){
    console.log(err);
});

res:

$ node fs4
null
fs51.js

//fs.mkdir()创建目录

var fs = require("fs");

//创建目录
fs.mkdir("abc", function(err){
    console.log(err);   
});

res:

$ node fs51
null
fs52.js

//删除目录fs.rmdir

var fs = require("fs");

//删除目录
fs.rmdir("abc", function(err){
    console.log(err);   
});

res:

$ node fs52
null
fs53.js

//读取目录fs.readdir

var fs = require("fs");

//读取目录
fs.readdir("abc", function(err,res){
    console.log(err,res);   
});

res:

$ node fs53
null [ 'youarebeautiful' ]
fs61.js

fs.exists
//判断文件和目录
//文件状态 文件、目录是否存在 是文件 还是目录

var fs = require("fs");

//判断文件和目录
//文件状态 文件、目录是否存在 是文件 还是目录
fs.exists("abcd", (exists) => {
    console.log(exists);
});

res:

$ node fs61
true
fs62.js

fs.access

var fs = require("fs");

//判断文件和目录
//文件状态 文件、目录是否存在 是文件 还是目录
fs.access("a.txt", (err) => {
    console.log(err);
});

res:

$ node fs62
null
fs63.js
var fs = require("fs");

//判断文件和目录
//文件状态 文件、目录是否存在 是文件 还是目录
fs.stat("abc", (err,stats) => {
    //stats.isDirectory()是否是目录/stats.isFile()是否是文件
    console.log(err,stats.isFile(),stats.isDirectory());
});

res:

$ node fs63
null false true
fs71.js
var fs = require("fs");

//可以监听文件和目录
//监听有范围限制 只有一层
fs.watch("a.txt", (eventType, filename) => {
  console.log(`事件类型是: ${eventType}-----${filename}`);
});

res:

$ node fs71
事件类型是: change-----a.txt
事件类型是: change-----a.txt
fs72.js
var fs = require("fs");

//可以监听文件 目录 有延迟  目录的文件的修改监听不到 最好用来监听文件
fs.watchFile("abc", (curr, prev) => {
  /*console.log(curr);
  console.log(prev);*/
  console.log(curr.mtime);
});


/*Stats {
  dev: 4145068239,
  mode: 16822,
  nlink: 1,
  uid: 0,
  gid: 0,
  rdev: 0,
  blksize: undefined,
  ino: 844424930155958,
  size: 0,
  blocks: undefined,
  atimeMs: 1531312004235.5886,
  mtimeMs: 1531312004235.5886,
  ctimeMs: 1531312004235.5886,
  birthtimeMs: 1531311081220.7952,
  atime: 2018-07-11T12:26:44.236Z,
  mtime: 2018-07-11T12:26:44.236Z,
  ctime: 2018-07-11T12:26:44.236Z,
  birthtime: 2018-07-11T12:11:21.221Z } */

res:

$ node fs72
2018-07-11T12:24:44.050Z

6.流stream

流stream

输入流、输出流

var rs = fs.createReadStream("src");
var ws = fs.createWriteStream("dist");

管道pipe

rs.pipe(ws);


拆解:

//一边读一边写

rs.on("data",function(data){
    ws.wrtie(data);
});
rs.on("end",function(data){
    ws.end(fn);
});

rs.on("error",function(){...})
ws.on("error",function(){...})
---

gzip:
1、const zlib = require('zlib');
2、必须设置一个头:

res.writeHead(200, { 'content-encoding': 'gzip' });

3、通过管道

rs.pipe(zlib.createGzip()).pipe(res);

stream1.js
var fs = require("fs");
//输入流 输出
var rs = fs.createReadStream("a.txt");
var ws = fs.createWriteStream("b.txt");
//管道 pipe
rs.pipe(ws);将a.txt中的内容一步一步写入b.txt

res:

$ node stream1
stream2.js
var fs = require("fs");

//输入流
var rs = fs.createReadStream("a.txt");
rs.on("data",function(data){
    console.log(data);  
});
rs.on("end",function(){
    console.log("读完了"); 
});
rs.on("error",function(){
    console.log("读取文件失败");  
});

res:

$ node stream2
<Buffer 61 61 61>
读完了
stream3.js
var fs = require("fs");
var ws = fs.createWriteStream("b.txt");

ws.write("abc",function(){
    console.log("write完了"); 
});
ws.end("end",function(){
    console.log("end写完了");  
});

res:

$ node stream3
write完了
end写完了
stream4.js
var fs = require("fs");
var rs = fs.createReadStream("a.txt");
var ws = fs.createWriteStream("b.txt");

rs.on("data",function(data){
    ws.write(data); 
});
rs.on("end",function(){
    console.log("读完了"); 
    ws.end(function(){
        console.log("写完了"); 
    });
});

res:

$ node stream4
读完了
写完了
server.js

前面的服务器可以写成流
大文件可以压缩

var http = require("http");
var fs = require("fs");
var zlib = require("zlib");

var server = http.createServer(function(req,res){
    
    var url = req.url;
    if(url == "/favicon.ico") return;
    /*fs.readFile("www"+url,function(err,data){
        if(err){
            res.end("404");
        } else {
            res.end(data);
        }   
    });*/
    
    res.writeHead(200, { 'content-encoding': 'gzip' });
    
    var rs = fs.createReadStream("www"+url);
    
    rs.pipe(zlib.createGzip()).pipe(res);
    
});

server.listen(9000);
完整服务器代码:

server.js

var http = require("http");
var fs = require("fs");
var zlib = require("zlib");
var modUrl = require("url");
var qs = require("querystring");
var users = {aaa:123};
var server = http.createServer(function(req,res){
    
    var url = req.url;
    var str = "";
    req.on("data",function(data){
        str += data;
    })
    
    req.on("end",function(){
        var urlObj = modUrl.parse(url,true);
        url = urlObj.pathname;
        var GET = urlObj.query;
        
        var POST = qs.parse(str);
        var params = req.method == "POST" ? POST : GET;
        var username = params.user;
        var password = params.pass;
        if(url == "/login"){
            if(users[username]){
                if(users[username] == password){
                    res.end(JSON.stringify({"error":1,"msg":"登陆成功"}));
                }else{
                    res.end(JSON.stringify({"error":0,"msg":"用户名或者密码错误"}));
                }
            }else{
                res.end(JSON.stringify({"error":0,"msg":"用户名或者密码错误"}));
            }
        }else if(url == "/reg"){
            if(users[username]){
                res.end(JSON.stringify({"error":0,"msg":"用户名已存在"}));
            }else{
                users[username] = password;
                res.end(JSON.stringify({"error":1,"msg":"注册成功"}));
            }
        }else if(url == "/favicon.ico") {
            return;
        }else{
            
            res.writeHead(200, { 'content-encoding': 'gzip' });
    
            var rs = fs.createReadStream("www"+url);
            
            rs.pipe(zlib.createGzip()).pipe(res);
            console.log(res);
            
        }
    })  
    
});

server.listen("9000",function(){
    console.log("服务器已打开!");
})

user.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title></title>
        <script src="jquery.js"></script>
        <script>
            $(function(){
                $oUser = $("#user");
                $oPass = $("#pass");
                $oLogin = $("#login");
                $oReg = $("#reg");
                $oLogin.click(function(){
                    $.ajax({
                        type:"get",
                        url:"/login",
                        data:{
                            user:$oUser.val(),
                            pass:$oPass.val()
                        },
                        async:true,
                        success:function(str){
                            alert(str);
                        }
                    });
                });
                $oReg.click(function(){
                    $.ajax({
                        type:"post",
                        url:"/reg",
                        data:{
                            user:$oUser.val(),
                            pass:$oPass.val()
                        },
                        async:true,
                        success:function(str){
                            alert(str);
                        }
                    });
                });
            })
        </script>
    </head>
    <body>
        用户名:<input id = "user" type="text" value="aaa"/><br />
        密码: <input id ="pass" type="text" value="123"/><br />
        <input id = "login" type="button" value="登录"/>
        <input id = "reg" type="button" value="注册"/>
        
    </body>
</html>

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/zhongchao666/p/9296671.html