udp是无链接的,先启动哪一端都不会报错
udp服务端
1 ss = socket() #创建一个服务器的套接字 2 ss.bind() #绑定服务器套接字 3 inf_loop: #服务器无限循环 4 cs = ss.recvfrom()/ss.sendto() # 对话(接收与发送) 5 ss.close() # 关闭服务器套接字
udp客户端
cs = socket() # 创建客户套接字 comm_loop: # 通讯循环 cs.sendto()/cs.recvfrom() # 对话(发送/接收) cs.close() # 关闭客户套接字
udp套接字简单示例
1 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_ 2 __author__ = 'Linhaifeng' 3 import socket 4 ip_port=('127.0.0.1',9000) 5 BUFSIZE=1024 6 udp_server_client=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM) 7 8 udp_server_client.bind(ip_port) 9 10 while True: 11 msg,addr=udp_server_client.recvfrom(BUFSIZE) 12 print(msg,addr) 13 14 udp_server_client.sendto(msg.upper(),addr) 15 16 udp服务端
1 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_ 2 __author__ = 'Linhaifeng' 3 import socket 4 ip_port=('127.0.0.1',9000) 5 BUFSIZE=1024 6 udp_server_client=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM) 7 8 while True: 9 msg=input('>>: ').strip() 10 if not msg:continue 11 12 udp_server_client.sendto(msg.encode('utf-8'),ip_port) 13 14 back_msg,addr=udp_server_client.recvfrom(BUFSIZE) 15 print(back_msg.decode('utf-8'),addr) 16 17 udp客户端
qq聊天(由于udp无连接,所以可以同时多个客户端去跟服务端通信)
1 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_ 2 __author__ = 'Linhaifeng' 3 import socket 4 ip_port=('127.0.0.1',8081) 5 udp_server_sock=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM) #买手机 6 udp_server_sock.bind(ip_port) 7 8 while True: 9 qq_msg,addr=udp_server_sock.recvfrom(1024) 10 print('来自[%s:%s]的一条消息:\033[1;44m%s\033[0m' %(addr[0],addr[1],qq_msg.decode('utf-8'))) 11 back_msg=input('回复消息: ').strip() 12 13 udp_server_sock.sendto(back_msg.encode('utf-8'),addr) 14 15 udp服务端
1 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_ 2 __author__ = 'Linhaifeng' 3 import socket 4 ip_port=('127.0.0.1',8081) 5 udp_server_sock=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM) #买手机 6 udp_server_sock.bind(ip_port) 7 8 while True: 9 qq_msg,addr=udp_server_sock.recvfrom(1024) 10 print('来自[%s:%s]的一条消息:\033[1;44m%s\033[0m' %(addr[0],addr[1],qq_msg.decode('utf-8'))) 11 back_msg=input('回复消息: ').strip() 12 13 udp_server_sock.sendto(back_msg.encode('utf-8'),addr) 14 15 udp服务端
1 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_ 2 __author__ = 'Linhaifeng' 3 import socket 4 BUFSIZE=1024 5 udp_client_socket=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM) 6 7 qq_name_dic={ 8 '狗哥alex':('127.0.0.1',8081), 9 '瞎驴':('127.0.0.1',8081), 10 '一棵树':('127.0.0.1',8081), 11 '武大郎':('127.0.0.1',8081), 12 } 13 14 15 while True: 16 qq_name=input('请选择聊天对象: ').strip() 17 while True: 18 msg=input('请输入消息,回车发送: ').strip() 19 if msg == 'quit':break 20 if not msg or not qq_name or qq_name not in qq_name_dic:continue 21 udp_client_socket.sendto(msg.encode('utf-8'),qq_name_dic[qq_name]) 22 23 back_msg,addr=udp_client_socket.recvfrom(BUFSIZE) 24 print('来自[%s:%s]的一条消息:\033[1;44m%s\033[0m' %(addr[0],addr[1],back_msg.decode('utf-8'))) 25 26 udp_client_socket.close() 27 28 udp客户端2
时间服务器
1 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_ 2 __author__ = 'Linhaifeng' 3 from socket import * 4 from time import strftime 5 6 ip_port=('127.0.0.1',9000) 7 bufsize=1024 8 9 tcp_server=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM) 10 tcp_server.bind(ip_port) 11 12 while True: 13 msg,addr=tcp_server.recvfrom(bufsize) 14 print('===>',msg) 15 16 if not msg: 17 time_fmt='%Y-%m-%d %X' 18 else: 19 time_fmt=msg.decode('utf-8') 20 back_msg=strftime(time_fmt) 21 22 tcp_server.sendto(back_msg.encode('utf-8'),addr) 23 24 tcp_server.close() 25 26 ntp服务端
1 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_ 2 __author__ = 'Linhaifeng' 3 from socket import * 4 ip_port=('127.0.0.1',9000) 5 bufsize=1024 6 7 tcp_client=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM) 8 9 10 11 while True: 12 msg=input('请输入时间格式(例%Y %m %d)>>: ').strip() 13 tcp_client.sendto(msg.encode('utf-8'),ip_port) 14 15 data=tcp_client.recv(bufsize) 16 17 print(data.decode('utf-8')) 18 19 tcp_client.close() 20 21 ntp客户端
socketserver实现并发
基于tcp的套接字,关键就是两个循环,一个链接循环,一个通信循环
socketserver模块中分两大类:server类(解决链接问题)和request类(解决通信问题)
server类:
request类:
继承关系:
以下述代码为例,分析socketserver源码:
ftpserver=socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer(('127.0.0.1',8080),FtpServer)
ftpserver.serve_forever()
查找属性的顺序:ThreadingTCPServer->ThreadingMixIn->TCPServer->BaseServer
- 实例化得到ftpserver,先找类ThreadingTCPServer的__init__,在TCPServer中找到,进而执行server_bind,server_active
- 找ftpserver下的serve_forever,在BaseServer中找到,进而执行self._handle_request_noblock(),该方法同样是在BaseServer中
- 执行self._handle_request_noblock()进而执行request, client_address = self.get_request()(就是TCPServer中的self.socket.accept()),然后执行self.process_request(request, client_address)
- 在ThreadingMixIn中找到process_request,开启多线程应对并发,进而执行process_request_thread,执行self.finish_request(request, client_address)
- 上述四部分完成了链接循环,本部分开始进入处理通讯部分,在BaseServer中找到finish_request,触发我们自己定义的类的实例化,去找__init__方法,而我们自己定义的类没有该方法,则去它的父类也就是BaseRequestHandler中找....
源码分析总结:
基于tcp的socketserver我们自己定义的类中的
- self.server即套接字对象
- self.request即一个链接
- self.client_address即客户端地址
基于udp的socketserver我们自己定义的类中的
- self.request是一个元组(第一个元素是客户端发来的数据,第二部分是服务端的udp套接字对象),如(b'adsf', <socket.socket fd=200, family=AddressFamily.AF_INET, type=SocketKind.SOCK_DGRAM, proto=0, laddr=('127.0.0.1', 8080)>)
- self.client_address即客户端地址
1 import socketserver 2 3 class MyHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler): 4 def handle(self): 5 #通信循环 6 while True: 7 # print(self.client_address) 8 # print(self.request) #self.request=conn 9 10 try: 11 data=self.request.recv(1024) 12 if len(data) == 0:break 13 self.request.send(data.upper()) 14 except ConnectionResetError: 15 break 16 17 18 if __name__ == '__main__': 19 s=socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer(('127.0.0.1',8080),MyHandler,bind_and_activate=True) 20 21 s.serve_forever() # 代表连接循环 22 # 循环建立连接,每建立一个连接就会启动一个线程(服务员)+调用Myhanlder类产生一个对象,调用该对象下的handle方法,专门与刚刚建立好的连接做通信循环
1 import socket 2 3 phone=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) 4 phone.connect(('127.0.0.1',8080)) # 指定服务端ip和端口 5 6 while True: 7 # msg=input('>>: ').strip() #msg='' 8 msg = 'client33333' # msg='' 9 if len(msg) == 0:continue 10 phone.send(msg.encode('utf-8')) 11 data=phone.recv(1024) 12 print(data) 13 14 15 phone.close()
1 import socket 2 3 phone=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) 4 phone.connect(('127.0.0.1',8080)) # 指定服务端ip和端口 5 6 while True: 7 # msg=input('>>: ').strip() #msg='' 8 msg = 'client33333' # msg='' 9 if len(msg) == 0:continue 10 phone.send(msg.encode('utf-8')) 11 data=phone.recv(1024) 12 print(data) 13 14 15 phone.close()
1 import socketserver 2 3 class MyHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler): 4 def handle(self): 5 #通信循环 6 # print(self.client_address) 7 # print(self.request) 8 9 data=self.request[0] 10 print('客户消息',data) 11 self.request[1].sendto(data.upper(),self.client_address) 12 13 14 if __name__ == '__main__': 15 s=socketserver.ThreadingUDPServer(('127.0.0.1',8080),MyHandler) 16 s.serve_forever()
1 import socket 2 3 client=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM) #数据报协议-》udp 4 5 while True: 6 # msg=input('>>: ').strip() #msg='' 7 msg='client444444' 8 9 client.sendto(msg.encode('utf-8'),('127.0.0.1',8080)) 10 data,server_addr=client.recvfrom(1024) 11 print(data) 12 13 client.close()
1 import socket 2 3 client=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM) #数据报协议-》udp 4 5 while True: 6 # msg=input('>>: ').strip() #msg='' 7 msg='client444444' 8 9 client.sendto(msg.encode('utf-8'),('127.0.0.1',8080)) 10 data,server_addr=client.recvfrom(1024) 11 print(data) 12 13 client.close()