压缩备份集
stream模式支持且只支持：tar 和 xbstream 两种格式，后者是xtrabackup提供的专有格式，解包时需要同名的专用命令处理
innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/mysqldata/3306/my.cnf --user=backup --password='backup' --stream=tar /tmp | gzip -> /data/mysqldata/backup/xtra_full.tar.gz
innobackupex: Created backup directory /tmp
这段信息表明，流格式标准输出的数据会被临时保存到我们指定的/tmp目录
innobackupex: You must use -i (--ignore-zeros) option for extraction of the tar stream.
最后这条提示我们，解包时必须使用-i参数
[mysql@master backup]$ du -sh *
2.8G 2015-07-07_17-11-03
14M xtra_full.tar.gz
打包压缩后的差距是很大的mkdir xbstream
innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/mysqldata/3306/my.cnf --user=backup --password='backup' --stream=xbstream ./ > /data/mysqldata/backup/xbstream/incremental.xbstream
./是以当前目录作为临时存放备份的目录
解包
[mysql backup]$ cd xbstream/
[mysql xbstream]$ xbstream -x < incremental.xbstream
[mysql xbstream]$ ls
backup-my.cnf ibdata1 mysql sakila xtrabackup_binlog_info xtrabackup_info
fandb incremental.xbstream performance_schema test xtrabackup_checkpoints xtrabackup_logfileIncremental Streaming Backups using xbstream and tar Incremental streaming backups can be performed with the xbstream streaming option. Currently backups are packed in custom xbstream format. With this feature taking a BASE backup is needed as well.
Taking a base backup:
innobackupex /data/backups
Taking a local backup:
innobackupex --incremental --incremental-lsn=LSN-number --stream=xbstream ./ > incremental.xbstream
Unpacking the backup:
xbstream -x < incremental.xbstream
Taking a local backup and streaming it to the remote server and unpacking it:
innobackupex --incremental --incremental-lsn=LSN-number --stream=xbstream ./ | /
ssh user " cat - | xbstream -x -C > /backup-dir/"测试:
[mysql@master xbstream]$ xbstream -x -v < incremental.xbstream
[mysql@master xbstream]$ ls
backup-my.cnf ibdata1 mysql sakila xtrabackup_binlog_info xtrabackup_info
fandb incremental.xbstream performance_schema test xtrabackup_checkpoints xtrabackup_logfile
可以是用-C指定解压到哪个目录
xbstream -x -v < incremental.xbstream -C /tmp
[mysql@master xbstream]$ more xtrabackup_checkpoints
backup_type = full-backuped
from_lsn = 0
to_lsn = 143684677
last_lsn = 143684677
compact = 0
recover_binlog_info = 0官方文档示例有问题,最后改成这样:
innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/mysqldata/3306/my.cnf --user=backup --password='backup' --incremental --incremental-lsn=143684677 --stream=xbstream ./ | ssh mysql@192.168.255.202 " xbstream -x -C /data/mysqldata/backup/"
远程端:
[mysql@slave backup]$ ls
backup-my.cnf ibdata1.delta mysql sakila xtrabackup_binlog_info xtrabackup_info
fandb ibdata1.meta performance_schema test xtrabackup_checkpoints xtrabackup_logfileCompact Backups
当备份innodb表时,可以忽略secondary index pages.这回缩小备份集的大小.负面影响是,这回增加prepare用时,因为要重建secondary index
Compact Backups需开启innodb-file-per-table
innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/mysqldata/3306/my.cnf --user=backup --password='backup' --compact /data/mysqldata/backup/查看xtrabackup_checkpoints可以看到compact = 1
[mysql@master 2016-08-22_22-50-51]$ more xtrabackup_checkpoints
backup_type = full-backuped
from_lsn = 0
to_lsn = 143789687
last_lsn = 143789687
compact = 1
recover_binlog_info = 0Preparing Compact Backups
prepare compact backup需要指定 --reduild-indexes参数
innobackupex --apply-log --rebuild-indexes /data/mysqldata/backup/2016-08-2_22-50-51/ Restoring Compact Backups
innobackupex --copy-back /path/to/BACKUP-DIRcompress备份
通过--compress压缩备份,指定该参数后实际会传递给xtrabackup命令,故只能备份innodb文件,通过'quicklz'算法压缩
可以使用--compress-threads增加压缩并发,提高速度
使用这种方式备份会生成以.qp结尾的压缩文件,实测2.9G的备份压缩后52M
开始备份
innobackupex --defaults-file=/data/mysqldata/3306/my.cnf --user=backup --password='backup' --stream=xbstream --compress --compress-threads=4 ./ > /data/mysqldata/backup/backup.xbstream解压xbstream
xbstream -x < backup.xbstream -C /data/mysqldata/backup/fan解压后,qpress文件并没有解压,在xtrabackup2.1.4之前使用命令进行解压
for bf in `find . -iname "*\.qp"`; do qpress -d $bf $(dirname $bf) && rm $bf; donextrabackup2.1.4之后可以使用--decompress参数解压,这个参数实际调用了qpress命令,所以需要先安装qpress,下面通过percona的yum源来安装
自动安装percona yum源
rpm -Uhv http://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-release/percona-release-0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
[root@master ~]# rpm -Uhv http://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-release/percona-release-0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
获取http://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-release/percona-release-0.0-1.x86_64.rpm
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:percona-release-0.0-1 ################################# [100%]手动配置percona yum源
[percona]
name = $releasever - Percona
baseurl=http://repo.percona.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
enabled = 1
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-percona
gpgcheck = 1安装
[root@master ~]# yum install qpress
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 qpress.x86_64.0.11-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
==================================================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
==================================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
qpress x86_64 11-1.el7 percona 31 k
事务概要
==================================================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总计：31 k
安装大小：65 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
警告：RPM 数据库已被非 yum 程序修改。
正在安装 : qpress-11-1.el7.x86_64 1/1
验证中 : qpress-11-1.el7.x86_64 1/1
已安装:
qpress.x86_64 0:11-1.el7
完毕！安装完毕,解压
innobackupex --decompress mysqldatafan/之后就可以prepare了
更多XtraBackup相关教程见以下内容：