客户的每小时redolog日志量大，配合AWR和LOGMINER检查发现是由一条update语句引起。这条语句大概每小时执行80次左右，不仅产生了大量的重做日志，而且逻辑读也很高。
语句类似update tb_test_log set object_id=1 where owner='SYS'，是对表tb_test_log按一定的频率，把满足条件owner='SYS'的记录中的object_id修改为1，而且满足条件的记录占了整个表的一半左右。但实际上在每次更新时，满足条件owner='SYS'的记录中绝大部分object_id已经是1.
#建测试表
create table tb_test_log tablespace users as select * from dba_objects;
insert into tb_test_log select * from tb_test_log;
commit;
insert into tb_test_log select * from tb_test_log;
commit;
insert into tb_test_log select * from tb_test_log;
commit;
#查看测试表的大小，大概100MB
select bytes from dba_segments where segment_name=upper('tb_test_log');
/*
BYTES
109051904
*/
#满足条件owner='SYS'的记录大概占了46%
select count(decode(owner,'SYS',1,null))/count(1) from tb_test_log;
/*
0.461732733062479
*/
#优化前SQL
update tb_test_log set object_id=1 where owner='SYS';
#新建会话统计数据记录表，用于后面的重做日志和逻辑读的计算
declare
v_count number;
begin
select count(1) into v_count from dba_tables where table_name='T_STAT_TEMP';
if v_count=1 then
execute immediate 'truncate table t_stat_temp';
else
execute immediate 'create table t_stat_temp(snap_date date,name varchar2(100),value int)';
end if;
end;
会话1：
#查看会话1的会话ID
select sid from v$mystat where rownum<=1;
/*
SID
35
*/
会话2：
#插入会话1当前的重做日志和逻辑读的统计数据
insert into t_stat_temp
select sysdate,a.name,b.value
from v$statname a,v$sesstat b
where a.statistic#=b.statistic# and b.sid=35
and a.name in ('redo size','session logical reads');
commit;
#DIFF是会话1产生的重做日志和逻辑读的量
select name,min(value) begin_value,max(value) end_value,max(value)-min(value) diff
from (select * from t_stat_temp order by snap_date desc)
where rownum<=4
group by name;
/*
NAME BEGIN_VALUE END_VALUE DIFF
redo size 736 736 0
session logical reads 1463 1463 0
*/
#后续会话2都是执行上面相同的插入和查询语句，省略语句，只显示查询结果
会话1：
#会话1执行优化前的更新语句
update tb_test_log set object_id=1 where owner='SYS';
commit;
会话2：
#会话1此次执行更新语句后，redo size产生168611404，session logical reads消耗1057915
/*
NAME BEGIN_VALUE END_VALUE DIFF
redo size 736 168612140 168611404
session logical reads 1463 1059378 1057915
*/
会话1：
#会话1执行优化前的更新语句
update tb_test_log set object_id=1 where owner='SYS';
commit;
会话2：
#会话1此次执行更新语句后，redo size产生108994644，session logical reads消耗718610
/*
NAME BEGIN_VALUE END_VALUE DIFF
redo size 168612140 277606784 108994644
session logical reads 1059378 1777988 718610
*/
会话1：
#会话1执行优化前的更新语句
update tb_test_log set object_id=1 where owner='SYS';
commit;
会话2：
#会话1此次执行更新语句后，redo size产生112071424，session logical reads消耗731397
/*
NAME BEGIN_VALUE END_VALUE DIFF
redo size 277606784 389678208 112071424
session logical reads 1777988 2509385 731397
*/
会话1：
#会话1执行优化前的更新语句
update tb_test_log set object_id=1 where owner='SYS';
commit;
会话2：
#会话1此次执行更新语句后，redo size产生131894432，session logical reads消耗759343
/*
NAME BEGIN_VALUE END_VALUE DIFF
redo size 389678208 521572640 131894432
session logical reads 2509385 3268728 759343
*/
会话1：
#会话1执行优化前的更新语句
update tb_test_log set object_id=1 where owner='SYS';
commit;
会话2：
#会话1此次执行更新语句后，redo size产生133580596，session logical reads消耗762190
/*
NAME BEGIN_VALUE END_VALUE DIFF
redo size 521572640 655153236 133580596
session logical reads 3268728 4030918 762190
*/
小结：优化前，每次更新表中46%左右的数据，重做日志产生量大概是100MB+,逻辑读大概是700000+。
优化1：
根据SQL逻辑，增加过滤条件object_id!=1，原语句逻辑不变。
会话1：
#会话1执行优化1的更新语句
update tb_test_log set object_id=1 where owner='SYS' and object_id!=1;
commit;
会话2：
#会话1此次执行更新语句后，redo size产生827112，session logical reads消耗22835
/*
NAME BEGIN_VALUE END_VALUE DIFF
redo size 655153236 655980348 827112
session logical reads 4030918 4053753 22835
*/
会话1：
#会话1执行优化1的更新语句
update tb_test_log set object_id=1 where owner='SYS' and object_id!=1;
commit;
会话2：
#会话1此次执行更新语句后，redo size产生340，session logical reads消耗12413
/*
NAME BEGIN_VALUE END_VALUE DIFF
redo size 655980348 655980688 340
session logical reads 4053753 4066166 12413
*/
会话1：
#会话1执行优化1的更新语句
update tb_test_log set object_id=1 where owner='SYS' and object_id!=1;
commit;
会话2：
#会话1此次执行更新语句后，redo size产生340，session logical reads消耗12413
/*
NAME BEGIN_VALUE END_VALUE DIFF
redo size 655980688 655981028 340
session logical reads 4066166 4078579 12413
*/
小结：优化1，每次基本上不更新表中数据，重做日志产生量大概是300+,逻辑读大概是10000+。
优化2：
根据SQL逻辑，增加过滤条件decode(object_id,1,null,'1')='1'，并增加索引tb_test_log(owner,decode(object_id,1,null,'1'))，原语句逻辑不变。
会话3：
#新建索引
create index idx_tb_test_log_01 on tb_test_log(owner,decode(object_id,1,null,'1')) tablespace users;
会话1：
#会话1执行优化2的更新语句
update tb_test_log set object_id=1 where owner='SYS' and decode(object_id,1,null,'1')='1';
commit;
会话2：
#会话1此次执行更新语句后，redo size产生384，session logical reads消耗11214
/*
NAME BEGIN_VALUE END_VALUE DIFF
redo size 655981028 655981412 384
session logical reads 4078579 4089793 11214
*/
会话1：
#会话1执行优化2的更新语句
update tb_test_log set object_id=1 where owner='SYS' and decode(object_id,1,null,'1')='1';
commit;
会话2：
#会话1此次执行更新语句后，redo size产生384，session logical reads消耗6
/*
NAME BEGIN_VALUE END_VALUE DIFF
redo size 655981412 655981796 384
session logical reads 4089793 4089799 6
*/
会话1：
#会话1执行优化2的更新语句
update tb_test_log set object_id=1 where owner='SYS' and decode(object_id,1,null,'1')='1';
commit;
会话2：
#会话1此次执行更新语句后，redo size产生384，session logical reads消耗5
/*
NAME BEGIN_VALUE END_VALUE DIFF
redo size 655981796 655982180 384
session logical reads 4089799 4089804 5
*/
小结：优化2，每次基本上不更新表中数据，重做日志产生量大概是300+,逻辑读大概是5+。
总结：
1.根据SQL逻辑，增加过滤条件object_id!=1，原语句逻辑不变，大幅度降低了重做日志的产生量。
2.根据SQL逻辑，增加过滤条件decode(object_id,1,null,'1')='1'，并增加索引tb_test_log(owner,decode(object_id,1,null,'1'))，原语句逻辑不变，大幅度降低了重做日志的产生量和逻辑读。
3.类似问题的DELETE语句也可以从此方法中受益。