实验环境：
Directory：wjq à /tmp/seiang_wjq
Directory：imp_wjq à /tmp/imp_comsys
一、导出数据：
特别注意：如果后续要导入的数据库版本低，所有导出命令就需要在后面加一个version=指定版本。例如11g -> 10g，假设10g具体版本为10.2.0.1，那么就加一个版本的参数version=10.2.0.1。
1. 首先需要创建Directory
注意：目录在系统上需要真实存在（mkdir /tmp/seiang_wjq），且有访问的权限。
2. 使用expdp导出用户数据
2.1 只导出scott用户的元数据，且不包含统计信息；
[oracle@seiangwjq ~]$ expdp system directory=wjq schemas=scott content=metadata_onlyexclude=statistics dumpfile=scott_meta.dmp logfile=scott_meta.log
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 14:17:16 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** directory=wjq schemas=scott content=metadata_only exclude=statistics dumpfile=scott_meta.dmp logfile=scott_meta.log
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/tmp/seiang_wjq/scott_meta.dmp
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Mon Apr 24 14:17:48 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:21
2.2 只导出scott用户的数据；
[oracle@seiangwjq ~]$ expdp system directory=wjq schemas=scott content=data_only dumpfile=scott_data.dmp logfile=scott_data.log
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 14:22:36 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** directory=wjq schemas=scott content=data_only dumpfile=scott_data.dmp logfile=scott_data.log
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB
. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 5.929 KB 4 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" 5.859 KB 5 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/tmp/seiang_wjq/scott_data.dmp
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Mon Apr 24 14:22:47 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:06
2.3 只导出scott用户下的emp，dept表及数据；
[oracle@seiangwjq ~]$ expdp scott directory=wjq tables=emp,dept dumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept.log
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 14:25:37 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
ORA-39002: invalid operation
ORA-39070: Unable to open the log file.
ORA-39087: directory name WJQ is invalid
这里如果用scott用户导出，需要注意scott用户对于directory的权限问题：需要dba用户赋予scott用户read,write目录的权限。
[oracle@seiangwjq ~]$ expdp scott directory=wjq tables=emp,dept dumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmplogfile=scott_emp_dept.log
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 14:28:18 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real ApplicationTesting options
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=wjq tables=emp,deptdumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept.log
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 128 KB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 5.929 KB 4 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rows
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01"successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
/tmp/seiang_wjq/scott_emp_dept.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfullycompleted at Mon Apr 24 14:28:35 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:09
2.4 只导出scott用户下的emp，dept表结构；
[oracle@seiangwjq ~]$ expdp scott directory=wjq tables=emp,dept content=metadata_onlydumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.log
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 14:34:07 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real ApplicationTesting options
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=wjq tables=emp,deptcontent=metadata_only dumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmplogfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.log
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01"successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
/tmp/seiang_wjq/scott_emp_dept_meta.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfullycompleted at Mon Apr 24 14:34:21 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:08
2.5 导出scott用户下所有的内容；
[oracle@seiangwjq ~]$ expdp system directory=wjq schemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all.dmplogfile=scott_all.log
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 14:38:10 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real ApplicationTesting options
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** directory=wjq schemas=scottdumpfile=scott_all.dmp logfile=scott_all.log
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 5.929 KB 4 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" 5.859 KB 5 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01"successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/tmp/seiang_wjq/scott_all.dmp
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfullycompleted at Mon Apr 24 14:38:30 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:16
2.6 并行导出scott用户下所有的内容；
[oracle@seiangwjq ~]$ expdp system directory=wjq schemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all%U.dmplogfile=scott_all.log parallel=2
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 14:44:04 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real ApplicationTesting options
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** directory=wjq schemas=scottdumpfile=scott_all%U.dmp logfile=scott_all.log parallel=2
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 5.929 KB 4 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rows
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" 5.859 KB 5 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01"successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/tmp/seiang_wjq/scott_all01.dmp
/tmp/seiang_wjq/scott_all02.dmp
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfullycompleted at Mon Apr 24 14:44:27 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:15
3. 查询当前用户用到的表空间
二、导入数据
导入准备：将刚才从11g数据库导出的内容通过scp发送给12c
1. 首先需要创建Directory
2. 使用impdp导入用户数据
2.1 导入scott用户的元数据，且不包含统计信息；
[oracle@seiang ~]$ impdp system directory=imp_wjq dumpfile=scott_meta.dmplogfile=imp_scott_meta.log
Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 15:26:30 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0- 64bit Production
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01"successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": system/******** directory=imp_wjqdumpfile=scott_meta.dmp logfile=imp_scott_meta.log
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfullycompleted at Mon Apr 24 15:27:15 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:20
2.2 导入scott用户的数据；
只有在2.1导入元数据后才可以导入数据。
[oracle@seiang ~]$ impdp system directory=imp_wjq dumpfile=scott_data.dmplogfile=imp_scott_data.log
Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 15:29:27 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01"successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": system/******** directory=imp_wjqdumpfile=scott_data.dmp logfile=imp_scott_data.log
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 5.929 KB 4 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" 5.859 KB 5 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfullycompleted at Mon Apr 24 15:29:44 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:12
2.3 只导入scott用户下的emp表及数据；
[oracle@seiang ~]$ impdp scott directory=imp_wjq tables=empdumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmp logfile=imp_scott_emp.log
Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 15:40:56 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
ORA-39002:invalid operation
ORA-39070:Unable to open the log file.
ORA-39087:directory name IMP_WJQ is invalid
因为在导入的时候没有给imp_wjq目录赋予read和write的权限，所以会出现上面的错误，下面就给imp_wjq目录授权：
[oracle@seiang ~]$ impdp scott directory=imp_wjq tables=emp dumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmplogfile=imp_scott_emp.log
Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 15:45:03 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0- 64bit Production
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01"successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=imp_wjq tables=empdumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmp logfile=imp_scott_emp.log
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
ORA-39151:Table "SCOTT"."EMP" exists. All dependent metadata and datawill be skipped due to table_exists_action of skip
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" completed with1 error(s) at Mon Apr 24 15:45:13 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:04
2.4 只导入scott用户下的emp,dept表结构；
由于之前2.1、2.2、2.3导入的执行，所有的表都已成功导入，为了接下来的实验，我们把scott用户下存在的表都删掉；
[oracle@seiang ~]$ impdp scott directory=imp_wjq tables=emp,dept dumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmplogfile=imp_scott_emp_dept_meta.log
Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Apr 24 15:59:16 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01"successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=imp_wjqtables=emp,dept dumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmplogfile=imp_scott_emp_dept_meta.log
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfullycompleted at Mon Apr 24 15:59:22 2017 elapsed 0 00:00:02
由于导出就是emp,dept两张表，所以也可以不指定tables，以下两种写法在这里都是可以的：
[oracle@seiang ~]$ impdp scott directory=imp_wjqdumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmp logfile=imp_scott_emp_dept_meta.log
或者
[oracle@seiang ~]$ impdp scott directory=imp_wjqdumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmp logfile=imp_scott_emp_dept_meta.log full=y