<script type=
"text/javascript"
>
var
str =
"0123456789"
;
//
alert(str.substring(0));
//------------"0123456789"
alert(str.substring(5));
//------------"56789"
alert(str.substring(10));
//-----------""
alert(str.substring(12));
//-----------""
alert(str.substring(-5));
//-----------"0123456789"
alert(str.substring(-10));
//----------"0123456789"
alert(str.substring(-12));
//----------"0123456789"
alert(str.substring(0,5));
//----------"01234"
alert(str.substring(0,10));
//---------"0123456789"
alert(str.substring(0,12));
//---------"0123456789"
alert(str.substring(2,0));
//----------"01"
alert(str.substring(2,2));
//----------""
alert(str.substring(2,5));
//----------"234"
alert(str.substring(2,12));
//---------"23456789"
alert(str.substring(2,-2));
//---------"01"
alert(str.substring(-1,5));
//---------"01234"
alert(str.substring(-1,-5));
//--------""
alert(str.substr(0));
//---------------"0123456789"
alert(str.substr(5));
//---------------"56789"
alert(str.substr(10));
//--------------""
alert(str.substr(12));
//--------------""
alert(str.substr(-5));
//--------------"0123456789"
alert(str.substr(-10));
//-------------"0123456789"
alert(str.substr(-12));
//-------------"0123456789"
alert(str.substr(0,5));
//-------------"01234"
alert(str.substr(0,10));
//------------"0123456789"
alert(str.substr(0,12));
//------------"0123456789"
alert(str.substr(2,0));
//-------------""
alert(str.substr(2,2));
//-------------"23"
alert(str.substr(2,5));
//-------------"23456"
alert(str.substr(2,12));
//------------"23456789"
alert(str.substr(2,-2));
//------------""
alert(str.substr(-1,5));
//------------"01234"
alert(str.substr(-1,-5));
//-----------""
</script>