Tinker使用指南

随着技术的发展,我们来到了热修复时代,网上一大堆关于热修复的文章和框架,相信能来到这里,你也知道什么叫热修复吧,让我用通俗的语言给大家定义一个概念:

热修复就是在无需重新安装应用的情况下,修改目前存在的bug,或者新增功能

这样讲是不是蛮好理解的。

然后我们再众多热修复框架中,选择Tinker作为我们实现热修复的手段。那就来吧!


前言

其实怎么接入tinker,官方已经给出了方法,但是我们在接入的时候,难免会遇到不少问题(官方文档不是非常非常详细背锅)。其实官方文档写的还是蛮详细的,只是我们在照着文档操作的时候,还是有那么一点不顺畅,中间遇到一些小问题,所以我希望大家在观看我这篇文章后,能够丝滑接入Tinker,并得到成就感。那,我们就开始吧!

依赖接入

假设你已经创建好一个新项目了(我用的Android studio 3.1.2),首先我们先给这个应用加上依赖吧,需要加依赖的地方有2个,我们一个一个来:

  • 在项目根build.gradle添加以下依赖:
classpath ('com.tencent.tinker:tinker-patch-gradle-plugin:1.9.1')
  • 在应用目录添加以下依赖
// 可选,用于生成application类 
compileOnly('com.tencent.tinker:tinker-android-anno:1.9.1')
// tinker的核心库
implementation('com.tencent.tinker:tinker-android-lib:1.9.1') 
// Google提供的分包小助手
implementation "com.android.support:multidex:1.0.3"

Gradle配置

注:以下配置,均在app的gradle文件中做配置

在项目的build.gradle中配置,在做配置前,我们先创建两个签名文件,一个作为正式版的签名,另一个作为debug版的签名吧,然后放到项目中,这是为了使以后直接就生成签名后的apk文件,免得生成apk以后还要自己去签一次名。
这里我偷个懒,直接用tinker-sample-android中的签名吧,签名放这里。
这里写图片描述

我们先来配置下签名,在android{}中做以下配置:

android{
    ...
    // 这里做签名的配置
    signingConfigs {
        release {
            try {
                storeFile file("./keystore/release.keystore")
                storePassword "testres"
                keyAlias "testres"
                keyPassword "testres"
            } catch (ex) {
                throw new InvalidUserDataException(ex.toString())
            }
        }

        debug {
            storeFile file("./keystore/debug.keystore")
        }
    }
    ...
}

然后我们再指定下构建的种类:

android {
    ...
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled true
            signingConfig signingConfigs.release
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), project.file('proguard-rules.pro')
        }
        debug {
            debuggable true
            minifyEnabled false
            signingConfig signingConfigs.debug
        }
    }
    ...
}

还记得我们添加了Google提供的分包小助手吗,我们需要开启这个分包的功能:

android {
    ...
    defaultConfig {
        ...
        multiDexEnabled true // 开启dex分包
        ...
    }
}

好的,以上就把android{}中的东西配置的差不多了,接下来我们需要配置点其他东西,具体配置可以参照官方的build.gradle,不过官方配置的东西太多了,但我没打算配置这么多东西,所以来看看我们的版本(其实也挺多),直接上码?

def bakPath = file("${buildDir}/bakApk/")

/**
 * you can use assembleRelease to build you base apk
 * use tinkerPatchRelease -POLD_APK=  -PAPPLY_MAPPING=  -PAPPLY_RESOURCE= to build patch
 * add apk from the build/bakApk
 */
ext {
    //for some reason, you may want to ignore tinkerBuild, such as instant run debug build?
    tinkerEnabled = true

    //for normal build
    //old apk file to build patch apk
    tinkerOldApkPath = "${bakPath}/app-debug-1018-17-32-47.apk"
    //proguard mapping file to build patch apk
    tinkerApplyMappingPath = "${bakPath}/app-debug-1018-17-32-47-mapping.txt"
    //resource R.txt to build patch apk, must input if there is resource changed
    tinkerApplyResourcePath = "${bakPath}/app-debug-1018-17-32-47-R.txt"

    //only use for build all flavor, if not, just ignore this field
    tinkerBuildFlavorDirectory = "${bakPath}/app-1018-17-32-47"
}

def getApplyMappingPath() {
    return hasProperty("APPLY_MAPPING") ? APPLY_MAPPING : ext.tinkerApplyMappingPath
}

def getApplyResourceMappingPath() {
    return hasProperty("APPLY_RESOURCE") ? APPLY_RESOURCE : ext.tinkerApplyResourcePath
}

def buildWithTinker() {
    return hasProperty("TINKER_ENABLE") ? Boolean.parseBoolean(TINKER_ENABLE) : ext.tinkerEnabled
}

def getTinkerBuildFlavorDirectory() {
    return ext.tinkerBuildFlavorDirectory
}
if (buildWithTinker()) {
    apply plugin: 'com.tencent.tinker.patch'

    tinkerPatch {
        /**
         * necessary,default 'null'
         * the old apk path, use to diff with the new apk to build
         * add apk from the build/bakApk
         */
        oldApk = "${bakPath}/app-debug-0704-16-30-41.apk"

        /**
         * optional,default 'true'
         * whether use tinker to build
         */
        tinkerEnable = buildWithTinker()

        /**
         * Warning, applyMapping will affect the normal android build!
         */
        buildConfig {
            /**
             * optional,default 'null'
             * if we use tinkerPatch to build the patch apk, you'd better to apply the old
             * apk mapping file if minifyEnabled is enable!
             * Warning:
             * you must be careful that it will affect the normal assemble build!
             */
            applyMapping = getApplyMappingPath()
            /**
             * optional,default 'null'
             * It is nice to keep the resource id from R.txt file to reduce java changes
             */
            applyResourceMapping = getApplyResourceMappingPath()

            /**
             * necessary,default 'null'
             * because we don't want to check the base apk with md5 in the runtime(it is slow)
             * tinkerId is use to identify the unique base apk when the patch is tried to apply.
             * we can use git rev, svn rev or simply versionCode.
             * we will gen the tinkerId in your manifest automatic
             */
            tinkerId = "tinkerdemo"

            /**
             * if keepDexApply is true, class in which dex refer to the old apk.
             * open this can reduce the dex diff file size.
             */
            keepDexApply = false

            // 如果你用到了各种加固,你需要把这里设置为true
            isProtectedApp = true

        }

        dex {
            /**
             * optional,default 'jar'
             * only can be 'raw' or 'jar'. for raw, we would keep its original format
             * for jar, we would repack dexes with zip format.
             * if you want to support below 14, you must use jar
             * or you want to save rom or check quicker, you can use raw mode also
             */
            dexMode = "jar"

            /**
             * necessary,default '[]'
             * what dexes in apk are expected to deal with tinkerPatch
             * it support * or ? pattern.
             */
            pattern = ["classes*.dex",
                       "assets/secondary-dex-?.jar"]
            /**
             * necessary,default '[]'
             * Warning, it is very very important, loader classes can't change with patch.
             * thus, they will be removed from patch dexes.
             * you must put the following class into main dex.
             * Simply, you should add your own application {@code tinker.sample.android.SampleApplication}
             * own tinkerLoader, and the classes you use in them
             *
             */
            loader = [
                    //use sample, let BaseBuildInfo unchangeable with tinker
                    "tinker.sample.android.app.BaseBuildInfo"
            ]
        }

        lib {
            /**
             * optional,default '[]'
             * what library in apk are expected to deal with tinkerPatch
             * it support * or ? pattern.
             * for library in assets, we would just recover them in the patch directory
             * you can get them in TinkerLoadResult with Tinker
             */
            pattern = ["lib/*/*.so"]
        }

        res {
            /**
             * optional,default '[]'
             * what resource in apk are expected to deal with tinkerPatch
             * it support * or ? pattern.
             * you must include all your resources in apk here,
             * otherwise, they won't repack in the new apk resources.
             */
            pattern = ["res/*", "assets/*", "resources.arsc", "AndroidManifest.xml"]

            /**
             * optional,default '[]'
             * the resource file exclude patterns, ignore add, delete or modify resource change
             * it support * or ? pattern.
             * Warning, we can only use for files no relative with resources.arsc
             */
            ignoreChange = ["assets/sample_meta.txt"]

            /**
             * default 100kb
             * for modify resource, if it is larger than 'largeModSize'
             * we would like to use bsdiff algorithm to reduce patch file size
             */
            largeModSize = 100
        }

        packageConfig {
            /**
             * optional,default 'TINKER_ID, TINKER_ID_VALUE' 'NEW_TINKER_ID, NEW_TINKER_ID_VALUE'
             * package meta file gen. path is assets/package_meta.txt in patch file
             * you can use securityCheck.getPackageProperties() in your ownPackageCheck method
             * or TinkerLoadResult.getPackageConfigByName
             * we will get the TINKER_ID from the old apk manifest for you automatic,
             * other config files (such as patchMessage below)is not necessary
             */
            configField("patchMessage", "tinker is sample to use")
            /**
             * just a sample case, you can use such as sdkVersion, brand, channel...
             * you can parse it in the SamplePatchListener.
             * Then you can use patch conditional!
             */
            configField("platform", "all")
            /**
             * patch version via packageConfig
             */
            configField("patchVersion", "1.0")
        }
        //or you can add config filed outside, or get meta value from old apk
        //project.tinkerPatch.packageConfig.configField("test1", project.tinkerPatch.packageConfig.getMetaDataFromOldApk("Test"))
        //project.tinkerPatch.packageConfig.configField("test2", "sample")

        /**
         * if you don't use zipArtifact or path, we just use 7za to try
         */
        sevenZip {
            /**
             * optional,default '7za'
             * the 7zip artifact path, it will use the right 7za with your platform
             */
            zipArtifact = "com.tencent.mm:SevenZip:1.1.10"
            /**
             * optional,default '7za'
             * you can specify the 7za path yourself, it will overwrite the zipArtifact value
             */
//        path = "/usr/local/bin/7za"
        }
    }

    List<String> flavors = new ArrayList<>();
    project.android.productFlavors.each { flavor ->
        flavors.add(flavor.name)
    }
    boolean hasFlavors = flavors.size() > 0
    def date = new Date().format("MMdd-HH-mm-ss")

    /**
     * bak apk and mapping
     */
    android.applicationVariants.all { variant ->
        /**
         * task type, you want to bak
         */
        def taskName = variant.name

        tasks.all {
            if ("assemble${taskName.capitalize()}".equalsIgnoreCase(it.name)) {

                it.doLast {
                    copy {
                        def fileNamePrefix = "${project.name}-${variant.baseName}"
                        def newFileNamePrefix = hasFlavors ? "${fileNamePrefix}" : "${fileNamePrefix}-${date}"

                        def destPath = hasFlavors ? file("${bakPath}/${project.name}-${date}/${variant.flavorName}") : bakPath
                        from variant.outputs.first().outputFile
                        into destPath
                        rename { String fileName ->
                            fileName.replace("${fileNamePrefix}.apk", "${newFileNamePrefix}.apk")
                        }

                        from "${buildDir}/outputs/mapping/${variant.dirName}/mapping.txt"
                        into destPath
                        rename { String fileName ->
                            fileName.replace("mapping.txt", "${newFileNamePrefix}-mapping.txt")
                        }

                        from "${buildDir}/intermediates/symbols/${variant.dirName}/R.txt"
                        into destPath
                        rename { String fileName ->
                            fileName.replace("R.txt", "${newFileNamePrefix}-R.txt")
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    project.afterEvaluate {
        //sample use for build all flavor for one time
        if (hasFlavors) {
            task(tinkerPatchAllFlavorRelease) {
                group = 'tinker'
                def originOldPath = getTinkerBuildFlavorDirectory()
                for (String flavor : flavors) {
                    def tinkerTask = tasks.getByName("tinkerPatch${flavor.capitalize()}Release")
                    dependsOn tinkerTask
                    def preAssembleTask = tasks.getByName("process${flavor.capitalize()}ReleaseManifest")
                    preAssembleTask.doFirst {
                        String flavorName = preAssembleTask.name.substring(7, 8).toLowerCase() + preAssembleTask.name.substring(8, preAssembleTask.name.length() - 15)
                        project.tinkerPatch.oldApk = "${originOldPath}/${flavorName}/${project.name}-${flavorName}-release.apk"
                        project.tinkerPatch.buildConfig.applyMapping = "${originOldPath}/${flavorName}/${project.name}-${flavorName}-release-mapping.txt"
                        project.tinkerPatch.buildConfig.applyResourceMapping = "${originOldPath}/${flavorName}/${project.name}-${flavorName}-release-R.txt"

                    }

                }
            }

            task(tinkerPatchAllFlavorDebug) {
                group = 'tinker'
                def originOldPath = getTinkerBuildFlavorDirectory()
                for (String flavor : flavors) {
                    def tinkerTask = tasks.getByName("tinkerPatch${flavor.capitalize()}Debug")
                    dependsOn tinkerTask
                    def preAssembleTask = tasks.getByName("process${flavor.capitalize()}DebugManifest")
                    preAssembleTask.doFirst {
                        String flavorName = preAssembleTask.name.substring(7, 8).toLowerCase() + preAssembleTask.name.substring(8, preAssembleTask.name.length() - 13)
                        project.tinkerPatch.oldApk = "${originOldPath}/${flavorName}/${project.name}-${flavorName}-debug.apk"
                        project.tinkerPatch.buildConfig.applyMapping = "${originOldPath}/${flavorName}/${project.name}-${flavorName}-debug-mapping.txt"
                        project.tinkerPatch.buildConfig.applyResourceMapping = "${originOldPath}/${flavorName}/${project.name}-${flavorName}-debug-R.txt"
                    }

                }
            }
        }
    }
}

还是挺多的对不?我知道你要CV大法了。

简单配置

按照以上步骤,我相信你应该已经配置完毕了,接下来我们就要开始使用了,如何在代码中使用这些东西呢。

在Tinker里面,有一个叫着ApplicatioLike的东西,这个东西,看着名字挺像Application的让人怀疑它是Application的子类,其实不是的,不过这个类你完全可以把它当作一个Application来使用,好吧,我们来使用一下吧。
首先我们创建一个类MyApplicationLike来继承Application,OK,里面要怎么写呢?

@DefaultLifeCycle(
        // 将 要自动生成的application的类,指定生成位置和类名
        application = "com.qxf.tinkerdemo.MyApplication",
        flags = ShareConstants.TINKER_ENABLE_ALL,
        //loaderClassName, 我们这里使用默认即可!
        loaderClass = "com.tencent.tinker.loader.TinkerLoader",
        loadVerifyFlag = false)
public class MyApplicationLike extends ApplicationLike {

    public MyApplicationLike(
            Application application,
            int tinkerFlags,
            boolean tinkerLoadVerifyFlag,
            long applicationStartElapsedTime,
            long applicationStartMillisTime,
            Intent tinkerResultIntent) {

        super(
                application,
                tinkerFlags,
                tinkerLoadVerifyFlag,
                applicationStartElapsedTime,
                applicationStartMillisTime,
                tinkerResultIntent);
    }

@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH)
    public void registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(Application.ActivityLifecycleCallbacks callback) {
        getApplication().registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(callback);
    }

}

(上面的代码,别光顾着复制到自己的项目中就完了,记得看一下,有注释的= =)

然后我们build以下项目,我们会发现项目中的这里,自动生成了一个类:
这里写图片描述
既然现在有application了,那我们就在AndroidManifest.xml中做一些配置吧。

首先加上两个权限,内存读写权限,至于Android版本大于6.0的手机,记得要做一下动态授权,以免到时候找不到补丁包:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

然后加上自动生成的application:

<application
        android:name=".MyApplication"
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <!--顺便加上这个服务,tinker自带的-->
        <service android:name="com.tencent.tinker.lib.service.DefaultTinkerResultService" />
    </application>

既然application已经配置完毕了,我们再回头来看看MyApplicationLike这个类,这个类里面要写一些东西,来表示我们不止会配置,还会用。
我们要重写onBaseContextAttached方法,那就来吧:

    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH)
    @Override
    public void onBaseContextAttached(Context base) {
        super.onBaseContextAttached(base);

        // 分包需要的东西
        MultiDex.install(base);

        // LoadReporter类定义了Tinker在加载补丁时的一些回调
        LoadReporter loadReporter = new DefaultLoadReporter(getApplication());
        // PatchReporter类定义了Tinker在修复或者升级补丁时的一些回调
        PatchReporter patchReporter = new DefaultPatchReporter(getApplication());
        // PatchListener类是用来过滤Tinker收到的补丁包的修复、升级请求,也就是决定我们是不是真的要唤起:patch进程去尝试补丁合成。
        PatchListener patchListener = new DefaultPatchListener(getApplication());
        // UpgradePatch类是用来升级当前补丁包的处理类,一般来说你也不需要复写它。
        AbstractPatch upgradePatchProcessor = new UpgradePatch();

        TinkerInstaller.install(this,
                loadReporter, patchReporter, patchListener,
                DefaultTinkerResultService.class, upgradePatchProcessor);

    }

老实说,其实这里的也算配置= =

不过到这里到时候,我们的Tinker,简单的配置,基本就都完成了。

实践

现在我们要开始正式使用tinker了。
tinker的使用过程(概念):

 1. 运行含有bug的app
 2. 加载补丁
 3. 重启应用
 4. bug消失

我们无法判断应用是否有bug,因为上线的时候肯定是感觉各个地方都没有问题才上线的吧(汗!)

我们这样来测试吧,MainActivity做两个按钮,一个加载补丁的按钮,一个测试按钮。嗯,说干就干!

界面搭建:
这里写图片描述
界面就这么简单了
点击事件的逻辑如下:

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.load:
                // 加载补丁
                TinkerInstaller.onReceiveUpgradePatch(getApplicationContext(),
                        Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/patch_signed_7zip.apk");
                break;
            case R.id.test:
                show.setText("测试结果:"+"bug");
                break;
        }
    }

接下来我们将这个打包成APK,在这里打包
这里写图片描述
打包完毕后,在这里会生成一个apk
这里写图片描述
将这个apk安装到手机上,然后点击一下测试,好吧,你们已经猜到答案了:
这里写图片描述

然后我们来修复以下这个伪bug,就这样修复吧

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.load:
                // 加载补丁
                TinkerInstaller.onReceiveUpgradePatch(getApplicationContext(),
                        Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/patch_signed_7zip.apk");
                break;
            case R.id.test:
                show.setText("测试结果:"+"bug已被修复");
                break;
        }
    }

我们把生成的刚刚生成的APK的名字,复制到app下的build.gradle中oldApk这里,像这样
这里写图片描述
然后我们利用tinker的打包工具tinkerPatchDebug生成补丁
这里写图片描述
生成的补丁将会来到这里
这里写图片描述

接下来重点来了,我们要将这个文件放到手机的指定位置/storage/emulated/0
(毕竟是个demo,就不把补丁放到服务器上,然后从服务器下载到手机上再加载补丁了),所以我就直接通过adb命令直接把文件push到手机上了。

push命令这里大概说一下:

adb push 电脑上的文件的路径 手机路径

这里写图片描述
这里顺便说一个你们可能已经知道了的快捷键,选中studio中的文件,crtl+shift+c 可以直接复制文件的绝对路径

好了,现在我们重新打开应用看看怎么样了,重新打开应用,点击加载补丁,加载完补丁后,点击测试,还是有bug,不过重启应用后,再次点击,我们将会看到,bug已经被修复了
这里写图片描述

tinker的简单使用差不多就是这样,各种配置完毕后,得到补丁,加载补丁,重启应用,bug消失。

常见问题

在使用tinker的时候,可能会遇到一些小问题,我这里大概说几个:

  1. 找不到补丁文件
    多半都是你没有加读写权限,可能你加了,但是由于你手机是Android6.0以上,所以需要动态获取权限

  2. tinkerId is not set!!!
    如果按照我的方式来,应该不会出现这些问题,出现这个问题的主要原因多半都是按照官方说明接入的,由于官方获取tinkerId是通过得到git提交的提交码得到的,所以只需要把代码通过git提交一次就可以得到tinkerId了,不过我不喜欢这样做,因为像我这种写一行代码都可能会提交的人来说,tinkerId会一直变动。

  3. Annotation processors must be explicitly declared now.
    有可能在使用Tinker的时候,会报这个错,解决方案也很简单:

javaCompileOptions { annotationProcessorOptions { includeCompileClasspath = true } }

将这句代码,加入android{}下的defaultConfig{}里面即可

加固
这里多提一句,isProtectedApp,关于这个属性,如果要使用加固的功能,需要把这个值设置为true,搬一下官方的话就是:
tinker 1.7.8 可以通过 isProtectedApp 开启加固支持,这种模式仅仅可以使用在加固应用中。
支持加固的厂商有:

腾讯云·乐固
爱加密
梆梆加固
360加固(需要5月8号后的加固版本)

其他 请自行测试,只要满足下面规则的都可以支持
这里是否支持加固,需要加固厂商明确以下两点:
1.不能提前导入类;
2.在art平台若要编译oat文件,需要将内联取消。

其他常见问题或许你可以在官方常见问题这里找到答案。

最后

Tinker提供的东西不止我这里写的这么简单,大家可以参考Tinker自定义扩展,其实Tinker还是很灵活的,推荐大概看下自定义扩展里面的内容,然后在把官方的例子tinker-sample-android下载下来好好看看官方是这么实现的,相信你能够了解到更多的东西。

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转载自blog.csdn.net/IT_XF/article/details/80910336