java 利用HttpClient 4.5实现http与https请求

参考：https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/154b46317353d228ca8f4112.html

参考：https://www.jianshu.com/p/a44407f48321

（一）自httpclient-4.4开始，官方对代码进行了很多调整，4.4以前的很多class和method都过时了，而国内之前很多关于httpclient的分享都是4.4之前的。

个人感觉使用Httpclient比较重要的是看它的代码，和官方的一些例子，可能是网络知识比较短板的原因，官方的tutorial其实看起来挺不清晰的，感觉主线不明确，不能引导你很好的学习，建议初学的人同时结合官网、源码、官方例子、tutorial进行学习。

HttpClient-4.5.jar

@Test
public void firstHttpClientDemo(){
try {
String url = "http://www.baidu.com";
// 使用默认配置创建httpclient的实例
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();

HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
// HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);

CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
// CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(get);

// 服务器返回码
int status_code = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
System.out.println("status_code = " + status_code);

// 服务器返回内容,请求到的是一个页面
String respStr = null;
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if(entity != null) {
respStr = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
}
System.out.println("respStr = " + respStr);
// 释放资源
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

这个demo主要是完成基本的交互过程，发送请求，接收消息，如果只是做小程序或者不是特别大并发量的系统，基本已经够用了。

进行一些说明：

1.需要向服务器发送请求，我们需要一个org.apache.http.client.HttpClient的实例对象，一般使用的都是org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient，创建该对象的最简单方法是CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();,HttpClients是负责创建CloseableHttpClient的工厂，现在我们用最简单的方法就是使用默认配置去创建实例，后面我们再讨论有参数定制需求的实例创建方法。我们可以通过打断点的方式看到这个默认的实例对象的连接管理器 ： org.apache.http.conn.HttpClientConnectionManager、请求配置 ： org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig等配置的默认参数，这些都是后面需要了解的。

2.构造请求方法 HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);表示我们希望用那种交互方法与服务器交互，HttpClient为每种交互方法都提供了一个类：HttpGet,
HttpHead, HttpPost, HttpPut, HttpDelete, HttpTrace, 还有 HttpOptions。

3.向服务器提交请求CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(post);，很明显`CloseableHttpResponse就是用了处理返回数据的实体，通过它我们可以拿到返回的状态码、返回实体等等我们需要的东西。

4.EntityUtils是官方提供一个处理返回实体的工具类，toString方法负责将返回实体装换为字符串，官方是不太建议使用这个类的，除非返回数据的服务器绝对可信和返回的内容长度是有限的。官方建议是自己使用HttpEntity#getContent()或者HttpEntity#writeTo(OutputStream)，需要提醒的是记得关闭底层资源。

5.EntityUtils.consume(entity);负责释放资源，通过源码可知，是需要把底层的流关闭：

InputStream instream = entity.getContent();
if (instream != null) {
    instream.close();
}

好了，到此已经完成了httpclient的第一个demo。
jar包地址：Apache HttpClient 4.5.2、Apache HttpCore 4.4

（二）跟服务器交互，更多的是发送数据，然后接收到服务器返回的数据，一般我们利用http-client中的实体(Entity)，具体在org.apache.http.entity包下面的类来封装我们的请求，从服务器上接收的也是实体，这个在上一篇的response.getEntity()可知。

HttpClient根据内容的出处来区分3种实体：

流式(Stream)：内容从流(Stream)中接收，或者在运行中产生(generated on the fly)。
自我包含(self-contained)：内容在内存中或通过独立的连接或其他实体中获得。
包装(wrapping)：内容是从其他实体(Entity)中获得的。

只有自我包含的实体是可以重复的，重复意味着可以被多次读取，如多次调用EntityUtils.toString(entity)。具体来讲有如：StringEntity、ByteArrayEntity……

废话不多说，上代码，看看如何向服务器发送请求。

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.junit.Test;

@Test
public void requestParaDemo(){
try {
String url = "http://localhost:9090";
// 使用默认配置创建httpclient的实例
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();

HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);

/**
* 设置参数，常用的有StringEntity,UrlEncodedFormEntity,MultipartEntity
* 具体看org.apache.http.entity包
*/
List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<>();
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "张三"));
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));
UrlEncodedFormEntity e = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "UTF-8");
post.setEntity(e);

CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(post);

// 服务器返回码
int status_code = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
System.out.println(status_code);

// 服务器返回内容
String respStr = null;
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if(entity != null) {
respStr = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
}
System.out.println("respStr = " + respStr);
// 释放资源
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

}

代码模拟了客户端向服务器发送一个表单数据，最常用的场景就是发送报文数据/登陆动作了。

这段代码应该不需要过多的解释。

来欣赏一下官方代码是如何完成一个登陆动作的：

public void ClientFormLogin()throws Exception{
BasicCookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore).build();
try {
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://someportal/");
CloseableHttpResponse response1 = httpclient.execute(httpget);
try {
HttpEntity entity = response1.getEntity();

System.out.println("Login form get: " + response1.getStatusLine());
EntityUtils.consume(entity);

System.out.println("Initial set of cookies:");
List<Cookie> cookies = cookieStore.getCookies();
if (cookies.isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("None");
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < cookies.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("- " + cookies.get(i).toString());
}
}
} finally {
response1.close();
}

HttpUriRequest login = RequestBuilder.post().setUri(new URI("https://someportal/"))
.addParameter("IDToken1", "username").addParameter("IDToken2", "password").build();
CloseableHttpResponse response2 = httpclient.execute(login);
try {
HttpEntity entity = response2.getEntity();

System.out.println("Login form get: " + response2.getStatusLine());
EntityUtils.consume(entity);

System.out.println("Post logon cookies:");
List<Cookie> cookies = cookieStore.getCookies();
if (cookies.isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("None");
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < cookies.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("- " + cookies.get(i).toString());
}
}
} finally {
response2.close();
}
} finally {
httpclient.close();
}

}

（三）我们在使用HttpClient的时候更多的是需要自己根据业务特点创建自己定制化的HttpClient实例，而不是像上面那样使用

// 使用默认配置创建httpclient的实例
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();

废话不多说，直接上代码(Talk is cheap, show me the code!)：

/**
 * 使用httpclient-4.5.2发送请求，配置请求定制化参数
 * @author chmod400
 * 2016.3.28
 */

@Test
public void requestConfigDemo(){
try {
String url = "http://www.baidu.com";
/**
* 请求参数配置
* connectionRequestTimeout:
* 从连接池中获取连接的超时时间，超过该时间未拿到可用连接，
* 会抛出org.apache.http.conn.ConnectionPoolTimeoutException: Timeout waiting for connection from pool
* connectTimeout:
* 连接上服务器(握手成功)的时间，超出该时间抛出connect timeout
* socketTimeout:
* 服务器返回数据(response)的时间，超过该时间抛出read timeout
*/
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom().setDefaultRequestConfig(RequestConfig.custom()
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(2000).setConnectTimeout(2000).setSocketTimeout(2000).build()).build();

HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
// HttpGet get = new HttpGet(url);

CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
// CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(get);

// 服务器返回码
int status_code = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
System.out.println("status_code = " + status_code);

// 服务器返回内容
String respStr = null;
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if(entity != null) {
respStr = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
}
System.out.println("respStr = " + respStr);
// 释放资源
EntityUtils.consume(entity);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

需要说明的是，需要自己定制HttpClient客户端的话，我们使用HttpClients.custom()，然后调用各种set方法即可，一般建议使用HttpClients.custom().setDefaultRequestConfig()，org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig类提供了很多可定制的参数，我们可以根据自己的配置来使用相关配置。有几个参数我们自己必须设置一下

connectionRequestTimeout:从连接池中获取连接的超时时间，超过该时间未拿到可用连接，        会抛出org.apache.http.conn.ConnectionPoolTimeoutException: Timeout waiting for connection from pool

connectTimeout:连接上服务器(握手成功)的时间，超出该时间抛出connect timeout

socketTimeout:服务器返回数据(response)的时间，超过该时间抛出read timeout

通过打断点的方式我们知道，HttpClients在我们没有指定连接工厂的时候默认使用的是连接池工厂org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory>)，所以我们需要配置一下从连接池获取连接池的超时时间。

以上3个超时相关的参数如果未配置，默认为-1，意味着无限大，就是一直阻塞等待！

官方提供了一个demo，里面有一些最常用的配置代码，仅供参考：

/*
* ====================================================================
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
* ====================================================================
*
* This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
* individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation. For more
* information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
* <http://www.apache.org/>.
*
*/

package org.apache.http.examples.client;

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.nio.charset.CodingErrorAction;
import java.util.Arrays;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;

import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.Header;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;
import org.apache.http.client.CredentialsProvider;
import org.apache.http.client.config.AuthSchemes;
import org.apache.http.client.config.CookieSpecs;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
import org.apache.http.config.ConnectionConfig;
import org.apache.http.config.MessageConstraints;
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
import org.apache.http.config.SocketConfig;
import org.apache.http.conn.DnsResolver;
import org.apache.http.conn.HttpConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ManagedHttpClientConnection;
import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRoute;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.DefaultHttpResponseFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCookieStore;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCredentialsProvider;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.DefaultHttpResponseParser;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.DefaultHttpResponseParserFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.ManagedHttpClientConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.SystemDefaultDnsResolver;
import org.apache.http.impl.io.DefaultHttpRequestWriterFactory;
import org.apache.http.io.HttpMessageParser;
import org.apache.http.io.HttpMessageParserFactory;
import org.apache.http.io.HttpMessageWriterFactory;
import org.apache.http.io.SessionInputBuffer;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicHeader;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicLineParser;
import org.apache.http.message.LineParser;
import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContexts;
import org.apache.http.util.CharArrayBuffer;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

/**
* This example demonstrates how to customize and configure the most common aspects
* of HTTP request execution and connection management.
*/
public class ClientConfiguration {

public final static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

// Use custom message parser / writer to customize the way HTTP
// messages are parsed from and written out to the data stream.
HttpMessageParserFactory<HttpResponse> responseParserFactory = new DefaultHttpResponseParserFactory() {

@Override
public HttpMessageParser<HttpResponse> create(
SessionInputBuffer buffer, MessageConstraints constraints) {
LineParser lineParser = new BasicLineParser() {

@Override
public Header parseHeader(final CharArrayBuffer buffer) {
try {
return super.parseHeader(buffer);
} catch (ParseException ex) {
return new BasicHeader(buffer.toString(), null);
}
}

};
return new DefaultHttpResponseParser(
buffer, lineParser, DefaultHttpResponseFactory.INSTANCE, constraints) {

@Override
protected boolean reject(final CharArrayBuffer line, int count) {
// try to ignore all garbage preceding a status line infinitely
return false;
}

};
}

};
HttpMessageWriterFactory<HttpRequest> requestWriterFactory = new DefaultHttpRequestWriterFactory();

// Use a custom connection factory to customize the process of
// initialization of outgoing HTTP connections. Beside standard connection
// configuration parameters HTTP connection factory can define message
// parser / writer routines to be employed by individual connections.
HttpConnectionFactory<HttpRoute, ManagedHttpClientConnection> connFactory = new ManagedHttpClientConnectionFactory(
requestWriterFactory, responseParserFactory);

// Client HTTP connection objects when fully initialized can be bound to
// an arbitrary network socket. The process of network socket initialization,
// its connection to a remote address and binding to a local one is controlled
// by a connection socket factory.

// SSL context for secure connections can be created either based on
// system or application specific properties.
SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.createSystemDefault();

// Create a registry of custom connection socket factories for supported
// protocol schemes.
Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
.register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE)
.register("https", new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext))
.build();

// Use custom DNS resolver to override the system DNS resolution.
DnsResolver dnsResolver = new SystemDefaultDnsResolver() {

@Override
public InetAddress[] resolve(final String host) throws UnknownHostException {
if (host.equalsIgnoreCase("myhost")) {
return new InetAddress[] { InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[] {127, 0, 0, 1}) };
} else {
return super.resolve(host);
}
}

};

// Create a connection manager with custom configuration.
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(
socketFactoryRegistry, connFactory, dnsResolver);

// Create socket configuration
SocketConfig socketConfig = SocketConfig.custom()
.setTcpNoDelay(true)
.build();
// Configure the connection manager to use socket configuration either
// by default or for a specific host.
connManager.setDefaultSocketConfig(socketConfig);
connManager.setSocketConfig(new HttpHost("somehost", 80), socketConfig);
// Validate connections after 1 sec of inactivity
connManager.setValidateAfterInactivity(1000);

// Create message constraints
MessageConstraints messageConstraints = MessageConstraints.custom()
.setMaxHeaderCount(200)
.setMaxLineLength(2000)
.build();
// Create connection configuration
ConnectionConfig connectionConfig = ConnectionConfig.custom()
.setMalformedInputAction(CodingErrorAction.IGNORE)
.setUnmappableInputAction(CodingErrorAction.IGNORE)
.setCharset(Consts.UTF_8)
.setMessageConstraints(messageConstraints)
.build();
// Configure the connection manager to use connection configuration either
// by default or for a specific host.
connManager.setDefaultConnectionConfig(connectionConfig);
connManager.setConnectionConfig(new HttpHost("somehost", 80), ConnectionConfig.DEFAULT);

// Configure total max or per route limits for persistent connections
// that can be kept in the pool or leased by the connection manager.
connManager.setMaxTotal(100);
connManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(10);
connManager.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(new HttpHost("somehost", 80)), 20);

// Use custom cookie store if necessary.
CookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
// Use custom credentials provider if necessary.
CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
// Create global request configuration
RequestConfig defaultRequestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setCookieSpec(CookieSpecs.DEFAULT)
.setExpectContinueEnabled(true)
.setTargetPreferredAuthSchemes(Arrays.asList(AuthSchemes.NTLM, AuthSchemes.DIGEST))
.setProxyPreferredAuthSchemes(Arrays.asList(AuthSchemes.BASIC))
.build();

// Create an HttpClient with the given custom dependencies and configuration.
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom()
.setConnectionManager(connManager)
.setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore)
.setDefaultCredentialsProvider(credentialsProvider)
.setProxy(new HttpHost("myproxy", 8080))
.setDefaultRequestConfig(defaultRequestConfig)
.build();

try {
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://httpbin.org/get");
// Request configuration can be overridden at the request level.
// They will take precedence over the one set at the client level.
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.copy(defaultRequestConfig)
.setSocketTimeout(5000)
.setConnectTimeout(5000)
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)
.setProxy(new HttpHost("myotherproxy", 8080))
.build();
httpget.setConfig(requestConfig);

// Execution context can be customized locally.
HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
// Contextual attributes set the local context level will take
// precedence over those set at the client level.
context.setCookieStore(cookieStore);
context.setCredentialsProvider(credentialsProvider);

System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI());
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget, context);
try {
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");

// Once the request has been executed the local context can
// be used to examine updated state and various objects affected
// by the request execution.

// Last executed request
context.getRequest();
// Execution route
context.getHttpRoute();
// Target auth state
context.getTargetAuthState();
// Proxy auth state
context.getTargetAuthState();
// Cookie origin
context.getCookieOrigin();
// Cookie spec used
context.getCookieSpec();
// User security token
context.getUserToken();

} finally {
response.close();
}
} finally {
httpclient.close();
}
}

}

（四）

总结一下HttpClient发送https请求相关的内容。
先简单介绍连接工厂( interface org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory)，连接工厂主要用于创建、初始化、连接socket。 org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory是默认的socket工厂，用于创建无加密(unencrypted)socket对象。创建https需要使用 org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory， PlainConnectionSocketFactory和 SSLConnectionSocketFactory都实现了 ConnectionSocketFactory。
好了，直接上代码，代码实现的功能是，组装一个发往银联的查询报文（查询交易结果）。

import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.NoopHostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

/**
* This example demonstrates how to create secure connections with a custom SSL
* context.
*/
public class ClientCustomSSL {
private static String reqStr = "txnType=00&signMethod=01&certId=68759663125&encoding=UTF-8&merId=777290058110048&bizType=000201&txnSubType=00&signature=k0lrWgeLK%2Fx%2B8ajj15QCYfmdQxZSKBjXUJN0bLt17rp87ptogxWgHAAq7EUt8RlEbxD6GaRngwtdLGiy6are45Gj1dBLJBtW2841WIq4Ywzx3oK6538Kfh9ll91GJcZJGYz8LuJoZfii7HFPlpl1ZsPZbbdKP6WFVHNMnGnL9nk9QSa%2BihXGpyK%2Fy1FA42AJpfc%2FTT3BV6C%2FxpoEhXzVckHnniVnCpLdGnPfZOd76wK%2Fa%2BALNmniwUZmMj9uNPwnONIIwL%2FFqrqQinQArolW%2FrcIt9NL7qKvQujM%2BdRvd1fboAHI5bZC3ktVPB0s5QFfsRhSRFghVi4RHOzL8ZG%2FVQ%3D%3D&orderId=20160309145206&version=5.0.0&txnTime=20160309145206&accessType=0";
private static String url = "https://101.231.204.80:5000/gateway/api/queryTrans.do";

// 信任管理器
private static X509TrustManager tm = new X509TrustManager() {
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
}

@Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
}

@Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return null;
}
};

public final static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
long starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
// 初始化SSL上下文
sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[] { tm }, null);
// SSL套接字连接工厂,NoopHostnameVerifier为信任所有服务器
SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext,NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE);
/**
* 通过setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf)保证httpclient实例能发送Https请求
*/
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).setMaxConnTotal(50)
.setMaxConnPerRoute(50).setDefaultRequestConfig(RequestConfig.custom()
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(60000).setConnectTimeout(60000).setSocketTimeout(60000).build())
.build();
try {

HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url);

// 设置参数，参数含义不需要理解
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("txnType","00");
map.put("signMethod","01");
map.put("certId","68759663125");
map.put("encoding","UTF-8");
map.put("merId","777290058110048");
map.put("bizType","000201");
map.put("txnSubType","00");
map.put("signature","k0lrWgeLK%2Fx%2B8ajj15QCYfmdQxZSKBjXUJN0bLt17rp87ptogxWgHAAq7EUt8RlEbxD6GaRngwtdLGiy6are45Gj1dBLJBtW2841WIq4Ywzx3oK6538Kfh9ll91GJcZJGYz8LuJoZfii7HFPlpl1ZsPZbbdKP6WFVHNMnGnL9nk9QSa%2BihXGpyK%2Fy1FA42AJpfc%2FTT3BV6C%2FxpoEhXzVckHnniVnCpLdGnPfZOd76wK%2Fa%2BALNmniwUZmMj9uNPwnONIIwL%2FFqrqQinQArolW%2FrcIt9NL7qKvQujM%2BdRvd1fboAHI5bZC3ktVPB0s5QFfsRhSRFghVi4RHOzL8ZG%2FVQ%3D%3D");
map.put("orderId","20160309145206");
map.put("version","5.0.0");
map.put("txnTime","20160309145206");
map.put("accessType","0");

List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
Iterator<Entry<String, String>> iterator = map.entrySet().iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Entry<String, String> elem = (Entry<String, String>) iterator.next();
list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(elem.getKey(), elem.getValue()));
}
if (list.size() > 0) {
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list, "UTF-8");
httppost.setEntity(entity);
}

System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());

CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
try {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();

System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
if (entity != null) {
System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());
}
String s = EntityUtils.toString(entity,"UTF-8");
System.out.println("应答内容：" + s);

EntityUtils.consume(entity);
} finally {
response.close();
}
} finally {
httpclient.close();
}

long endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("耗时:" + (endtime-starttime) + "ms");
}

}

使用注册器可以保证既能发送http请求也能发送httpsclient请求，代码块如下：

int httpReqTimeOut = 60000;//60秒

SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
// 初始化SSL上下文
sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[] { tm }, null);
// SSL套接字连接工厂,NoopHostnameVerifier为信任所有服务器
SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext,NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE);
// 注册http套接字工厂和https套接字工厂
Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> r = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
.register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE)
.register("https", sslsf)
.build();
// 连接池管理器
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager pcm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(r);
pcm.setMaxTotal(maxConnTotal);//连接池最大连接数
pcm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(maxConnPerRoute);//每个路由最大连接数
/**
* 请求参数配置
* connectionRequestTimeout:
* 从连接池中获取连接的超时时间，超过该时间未拿到可用连接，
* 会抛出org.apache.http.conn.ConnectionPoolTimeoutException: Timeout waiting for connection from pool
* connectTimeout:
* 连接上服务器(握手成功)的时间，超出该时间抛出connect timeout
* socketTimeout:
* 服务器返回数据(response)的时间，超过该时间抛出read timeout
*/
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(httpReqTimeOut)
.setConnectTimeout(httpReqTimeOut)
.setSocketTimeout(httpReqTimeOut)
.build();
/**
* 构造closeableHttpClient对象
*/
closeableHttpClient = HttpClients.custom()
.setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig)
.setConnectionManager(pcm)
.setRetryHandler(retryHandler)
.build();

关键代码为：

// 注册http套接字工厂和https套接字工厂
Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> r = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
.register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE)
.register("https", sslsf)
.build();

java 利用HttpClient 4.5实现http与https请求

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