Web性能测试篇:AB 压力测试

1. 压力测试的概念\定义

  1、这段话是给刚接触\学习性能测试知识的初学者,在实际工作中都会接触到性能测试压力测试负载测试等专业名词也容易混淆,下面带大家熟悉下这到底是怎么定义:
1.1、性能测试【 Performance Test 】:是指通过自动化的测试工具模拟多种正常、峰值以及异常负载条件来对系统的各项性能指标进行测试;
1.2、压力测试【 stress testing 】:是指通过测试系统的瓶颈或者不能接受的性能点,来获得系统能提供的最大服务级别的测试;
1.3、负载测试【 Load Test 】:是指通过测试系统在资源超负荷情况下的表现,才以发现设计上的错误或验证系统的负载能力。
 
你们学习到更多的性能测试知识,会有更多的专业名词待你掌握,这篇文章只带大家熟悉 AB 压力测试工具,想知道 Loadrunner、Jmeter 等高级性能测试工具请关注我的Github给我提Issues,或下方留言
 

2. AB的历史

  AB 全称【ApacheBench】是 Apache 自带的一款功能强大的测试工具,可以快速测试基于 HTTP 协议所有 Web 页面的最大负载压力,扩展性非常强,

下载地址:https://www.apachelounge.com/download/

下载相应系统的zip包,这里我演示的是 https://www.apachelounge.com/download/VC15/binaries/httpd-2.4.33-win64-VC15.zip   ApacheBench Ver 2.3

 

3. 运行平台区分(Windows\Linux|Mac)

  3.1、Windows 7、8、10运行方式

    使用 cmd/Windows PowerShell,进入 Apache 下的 bin 目录,运行 ad 工具

cd ./Apache24/bin/
start ab

     shell/Windows PowerShell会打印以下信息,即表明 ab 正常工作

Usage: ab [options] [http://]hostname[:port]/path
Options are:
    -n requests     Number of requests to perform
    -c concurrency  Number of multiple requests to make at a time
    -t timelimit    Seconds to max. to spend on benchmarking
                    This implies -n 50000
    -s timeout      Seconds to max. wait for each response
                    Default is 30 seconds
    -b windowsize   Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes
    -B address      Address to bind to when making outgoing connections
    -p postfile     File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T
    -u putfile      File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T
    -T content-type Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.
                    'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
                    Default is 'text/plain'
    -v verbosity    How much troubleshooting info to print
    -w              Print out results in HTML tables
    -i              Use HEAD instead of GET
    -x attributes   String to insert as table attributes
    -y attributes   String to insert as tr attributes
    -z attributes   String to insert as td or th attributes
    -C attribute    Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234'. (repeatable)
    -H attribute    Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip'
                    Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)
    -A attribute    Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes
                    are a colon separated username and password.
    -P attribute    Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes
                    are a colon separated username and password.
    -X proxy:port   Proxyserver and port number to use
    -V              Print version number and exit
    -k              Use HTTP KeepAlive feature
    -d              Do not show percentiles served table.
    -S              Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.
    -q              Do not show progress when doing more than 150 requests
    -l              Accept variable document length (use this for dynamic pages)
    -g filename     Output collected data to gnuplot format file.
    -e filename     Output CSV file with percentages served
    -r              Don't exit on socket receive errors.
    -m method       Method name
    -h              Display usage information (this message)

 

  3.2、Linux|Mac 运行方式

    通过 shell 输入 cd /etc/httpd/bin 路径,运行 ad 工具

cd /etc/httpd/bin
start ab

 

4. 你的AB第一个压力测试脚本

   在 cmd/shell 中输入以下两条命令:

ab -n 10 -c 10 http://127.0.0.1/
# -n 总共10次请求
# -c 是 concurrency ,模拟10个并发用户,即发起10个并发请求
ab -t 10 -c 10 http://127.0.0.1/ # -t 是 timelimit 执行测试的时间,单位是秒
# -c 是 concurrency ,模拟10个并发用户,即发起10个并发请求


#######
# 命令说明:
# 通过 ab 工具模拟用户浏览器行为,Get请求cnblogs网站并返回参数告诉ab你有没有访问我
# ab 的刨坑: 千万别再URL上缺少 http:// ,否者无法发起请求

  结果分析:

root~/># ab -t 10 -c 10 http://127.0.0.1/

This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1826891 $> Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://127.0.0.1/ Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

#
# ------ 上边的不重要 ------
#

Benchmarking 127.0.0.1 (be patient)
Finished 311 requests
# 一共发了 311 个请求

Server Software:        
Server Hostname:        127.0.0.1
Server Port:            80
# 描述你测试 URL 和端口号通常是 80 端口
Document Path:
/ Document Length: 147 bytes
# 描述你请求的页面的相关信息,页面大小为 147 字节

#----------
# 从这开始是 ab 的重点
#Concurrency Level: 10

# 并发请求数量为:10
Time taken for tests: 10.179 seconds
# 整个测试耗费 10.179 秒
Complete requests:
311
# 完成请求数有311次
Failed requests: 0
# 失败请求数量
Non-2xx responses: 311
# HTTP Code 不是2xx的
Total transferred: 118907 bytes
# 整个测试场景中产生的网络传输总量
HTML transferred:
45717 bytes
# 整个测试场景中 HTML 内容传输量
Requests per second:
30.55 [#/sec] (mean)
# 每秒的请求平均数,这是重要指标之一
Time per request: 327.299 [ms] (mean)
# 每个请求的平均时间,这是重要指标之一
Time per request:
32.730 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
# 服务器处理请求的平均时间,这是重要指标之一
Transfer rate:
11.41 [Kbytes/sec] received
# 网络平均转移率

Connection Times (ms) min mean[
+/-sd] median max Connect: 16 31 10.0 31 94 Processing: 235 284 55.1 265 655 Waiting: 31 189 82.3 203 655 Total: 266 315 58.7 296 686 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 296 66% 300 75% 312 80% 312 90% 344 95% 360 98% 577 99% 640 100% 686 (longest request)

 

5. ab 中的 GET/POST请求

 

 

 

 

 

6. 你的AB第一个压力测试脚本

 

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/BenLam/p/9263927.html
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