代码来源：https://www.shiyanlou.com/courses/368/labs/1172/document
小白，最近看到实验楼的2048的小游戏，在代码上带了自己的注释。
前期准备:
- 有限状态机 ##https://www.cnblogs.com/21207-iHome/p/6085334.html
- defaultdict() ##https://blog.csdn.net/real_ray/article/details/17919289
- zip() ##zip() 函数用于将可迭代的对象作为参数，将对象中对应的元素打包成一个个元组，然后返回由这些元组组成的列表。
- assert ##在开发一个程序时候，与其让它运行时崩溃，不如在它出现错误条件时就崩溃（返回错误）。
- randrange() ##randrange() 方法返回指定递增基数集合中的一个随机数，基数缺省值为1。
- any() ##any() 函数用于判断给定的可迭代参数 iterable 是否全部为空对象，如果都为空、0、false，则返回 False，如果不都为空、0、false，则返回 True。
- curses() //关于curses的使用与安装，将会另外开一篇文章来说
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*- import curses from random import randrange, choice from collections import defaultdict letter_codes = [ord(ch) for ch in 'WASDRQwasdrq'] #ord函数是把字符转换成对应的数字 actions = ['Up','Left','Down','Right','Restart','Exit'] actions_dict = dict(zip(letter_codes,actions * 2)) #zip是把元组的数值对应起来 def get_user_action(keyboard): char = "N" ##初始值为N while char not in actions_dict: char = keyboard.getch() return actions_dict[char] def transpose(field): return [list(row) for row in zip(*field)] ##相当于旋转90度。zip后加*，是把行变成列，把列变成行 def invert(field): return [row[::-1] for row in field] #步长为-1。相当于是调转180，把前后列表调转 ##Merge and tighten,移动方向时候应该有的逻辑判断, 整个游戏的画面绘制，规则定制等。 class GameField(object): def __init__(self,height=4,width=4,win=2048): self.height = height self.width = width self.win_value = win self.score = 0 self.highscore = 0 self.reset() def reset(self): if self.score >self.highscore: self.highscore = self.score self.score = 0 self.field = [[0 for i in range(self.width)] for j in range(self.height)] #横纵坐标恢复为0 self.spawn() #调用spawn函数，下面会有定义 self.spawn() def move(self,direction): def move_row_left(row): def tighten(row): #squeese non-zero elements together new_row = [i for i in row if i!= 0] new_row += [0 for i in range(len(row)-len(new_row))] #其余位置用0来fill in return new_row def merge(row): pair = False new_row = [] for i in range(len(row)): #在格子里循环 if pair: #如果pair为真 new_row.append(2 * row[i]) #乘以2的值追加到new_row中 self.score += 2 * row[i] pair = False else: if i + 1 < len(row) and row[i] == row[i+1]: #如果pair为假，然后i+1还没到边界，并且row[i]=row[i+1] pair = True ##那么运行上面的pair为真的部分 new_row.append(0) #追加0 else: new_row.append(row[i]) #pair为假，不能合并，超出边界，多加row[i] assert len(new_row) == len(row) ##报错提醒 return new_row return tighten(merge(tighten(row))) #先挤在一起，然后合并，然后再挤在一起 moves = {} #将只有一个方向左，旋转90度成为向上（transpose(field))，利用左方向调转（invert(field))成为右方向。因此拥有四个方向 moves['Left'] = lambda field: [move_row_left(row) for row in field] moves['Right'] = lambda field: invert(moves['Left'](invert(field))) ##moves['Left']已经定义了merge跟tighten的操作 moves['Up'] = lambda field: transpose(moves['Left'](transpose(field))) moves['Down'] = lambda field: transpose(moves['Right'](transpose(field))) if direction in moves: if self.move_is_possible(direction): self.field=moves[direction](self.field) self.spawn() return True else: return False #输赢判断 def is_win(self): return any(any(i >= self.win_value for i in row) for row in self.field) #i在格子中，并且i的值超出了2048 def is_gameover(self): return not any(self.move_is_possible(move) for move in actions) ###游戏页面绘制 def draw(self,screen): help_string1='(W)Up (S)Down (A)Left (D)Right' help_string2=' (R)Restart (Q)Exit' gameover_string=' Game Over' win_string=' Congratulation! You Win!' def cast(string): screen.addstr(string +'\n') def draw_hor_separator(): ##横坐标分割线 line = '+' + ('+------' * self.width + '+')[1:] separator = defaultdict(lambda:line) if not hasattr(draw_hor_separator,"counter"): draw_hor_separator.counter = 0 cast(separator[draw_hor_separator.counter]) draw_hor_separator.counter += 1 def draw_row(row): cast(''.join('|{: ^5} '.format(num) if num > 0 else '| ' for num in row) + '|') #在屏幕上画竖列 screen.clear() cast('SCORE: ' + str(self.score)) if 0 != self.highscore: cast('HIGHSCORE: ' + str(self.highscore)) for row in self.field: draw_hor_separator() draw_row(row) draw_hor_separator() if self.is_win(): cast(win_string) else: if self.is_gameover(): cast(gameover_string) else: cast(help_string1) cast(help_string2) ##随机生成2或者4 def spawn(self): new_element = 4 if randrange(100) > 89 else 2 #100次有89次出现4 (i,j) = choice([(i,j) for i in range(self.width) for j in range(self.height) if self.field[i][j]==0]) ##就是2,4随机出现的区域，要在width，height的里面。前提self.field[i][j]==0 self.field[i][j] = new_element ##那么, 2,4出现的要获取他的横纵坐标 ##判断是否可移动 def move_is_possible(self, direction): def row_is_left_movable(row): def change(i): ##True if there will be change in i-th tile if row[i] == 0 and row[i+1] != 0: ##有空位可以移动 return True if row[i] != 0 and row[i+1] == row[i]: ##没有空位，但是二者数值相同可以合并处理及移动 return True return False return any(change(i) for i in range(len(row)-1)) ##any()为一个函数，全为0为false check ={} check['Left'] = lambda field: any(row_is_left_movable(row) for row in field) check['Right'] = lambda field: check['Left'](invert(field)) check['Up'] = lambda field: check['Left'](transpose(field)) check['Down'] = lambda field: check['Right'](transpose(field)) if direction in check: return check[direction](self.field) else: return False ##Main Logic def main(stdsrc): def init(): #重置游戏棋盘 game_field.reset() return 'Game' def not_game(state): #画出GameOver或者Win的界面 game_field.draw(stdsrc) #读取用户输入得到action，判断是重启游戏还是结束游戏 action = get_user_action(stdsrc) responses = defaultdict(lambda:state) #默认当前状态，没有行为就会在当前界面循环 responses['Restart'],responses['Exit'] = 'Init','Exit' #对应不同的行为转换到不同的状态 return responses[action] def game(): ##画出当前棋盘状态 game_field.draw(stdsrc) #Getthe action action = get_user_action(stdsrc) if action == 'Restart': return 'Init' if action == 'Exit': return 'Exit' if game_field.move(action): if game_field.is_win(): return 'Win' if game_field.is_gameover(): return 'GameOver' return 'Game' state_actions={ 'Init': init, 'Win': lambda: not_game('Win'), 'Gameover': lambda:not_game('Gameover'), 'Game': game } curses.use_default_colors() ##Color #设置终结状态最大数值为32 game_field = GameField(win=32) state='Init' #状态机开始循环 while state != 'Exit': state = state_actions[state]() curses.wrapper(main) ##Once the callable returns, wrapper() will restore the original state of the terminal.
##运行结果
SCORE: 0
+------+------+------+------+
| | | | |
+------+------+------+------+
| | 2 | | |
+------+------+------+------+
| | | | 4 |
+------+------+------+------+
| | | | |
+------+------+------+------+
(W)Up (S)Down (A)Left (D)Right
(R)Restart (Q)Exit
+------+------+------+------+
| | | | |
+------+------+------+------+
| | 2 | | |
+------+------+------+------+
| | | | 4 |
+------+------+------+------+
| | | | |
+------+------+------+------+
(W)Up (S)Down (A)Left (D)Right
(R)Restart (Q)Exit
一路上遇到的问题:
- Redirection is not supported. >>>>把pycharm改成cmd来运行
- import curses的问题
懒，决定在这里也讲述如何在Windows上安装curses。 Curses库在Windows下没有直接的安装的，有大神搞了在windows下的wheel版。
- 查看自己的pip支持什么格式内容
E:\MyDownloads\Download>python
Python 3.6.3 (v3.6.3:2c5fed8, Oct 3 2017, 18:11:49) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pip
>>> print(pip.pep425tags.get_supported())
[('cp36', 'cp36m', 'win_amd64'), ('cp36', 'none', 'win_amd64'), ('py3', 'none', 'win_amd64'), ('cp36', 'none', 'any'), ('cp3', 'non
e', 'any'), ('py36', 'none', 'any'), ('py3', 'none', 'any'), ('py35', 'none', 'any'), ('py34', 'none', 'any'), ('py33', 'none', 'an
y'), ('py32', 'none', 'any'), ('py31', 'none', 'any'), ('py30', 'none', 'any')]
>>> ^Z
- 从以下网站中download wheel文件。
从上面可以得知， 我的pip支持的是cp36的。于是从以下网址下载cp36的wheel
https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#curses
- 一键安装
Processing e:\mydownloads\download\scripts\curses-2.2-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl
Installing collected packages: curses
Successfully installed curses-2.2
以后目标：
1. 改变颜色跟边框曲线 2. 把数字改变为朝代。相同朝代碰撞能变为下一个朝代。