能力有限，并不完整的图书管理系统
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
class Time
{
int year,month,day;
public:
Time(){year=month=day=0;}
Time(int y,int m,int d){year=y;month=m;day=d;}
void setYear(int y){year=y;}
void setMonth(int m){month=m;}
void setDay(int d){day=d;}
int getYear(){return year;}
int getMonth(){return month;}
int getDay(){return day;}
void setTime(int y,int m,int d){year=y;month=m;day=d;}
bool operator<(const Time&t1)const
{
return year!=t1.year?year<t1.year:month!=t1.month?month<t1.month:day<t1.day;
}
friend istream&operator>>(istream&is,Time&t);
friend ostream&operator<<(ostream&os,Time&t);
};
ostream&operator<<(ostream&os,Time&t)
{
os<<t.year<<".";
os<<t.month<<".";
os<<t.day;
return os;
}
istream&operator>>(istream&is,Time&t)
{
is>>t.year>>t.month>>t.day;
return is;
}
class record
{
int shuhao;
int xuehao;
Time jqi;
Time hqi;
int xjie;
int state;
public:
record(){}
record(int sh,int xh,Time jq):shuhao(sh),xuehao(xh),jqi(jq)
{
if(jq.getMonth()+2>12)
{
Time hq(jq.getYear()+1,jq.getMonth()-10,jq.getDay());
hqi=hq;
}
else
{
Time hq(jq.getYear(),jq.getMonth()+2,jq.getDay());
hqi=hq;
}
xjie=0;
state=0;
}
int getsh(){return shuhao;}
void setsh(int sh){shuhao=sh;}
int getxh(){return xuehao;}
void setxh(int xh){xuehao=xh;}
Time getjq(){return jqi;}
Time gethq(){return hqi;}
void sethq();
void setxj(){xjie=1;}
int getxj(){return xjie;}
void setstate(int n){state=n;}
int getstate(){return state;}
void setrecord(int sh,int xh,Time jq,Time hq){shuhao=sh;xuehao=xh;jqi=jq;hqi=hq;}
void display();
friend ostream&operator<<(ostream&os,record&r);
friend istream&operator>>(istream&is,record&r);
};
void record::sethq()
{Time hq;
if(hqi.getMonth()+1>12)
hq=Time(hqi.getYear()+1,hqi.getMonth()+1,hqi.getDay());
else
hq=Time(hqi.getYear()+1,hqi.getMonth(),hqi.getDay());
hqi=hq;
}
void record::display()
{
cout<<"书号:"<<shuhao<<" "<<"学号:"<<xuehao<<" "<<"借期:"<<jqi<<" "<<"还期:"<<hqi<<endl;
}
istream&operator>>(istream&is,record&r)
{
if(r.xuehao==0)
return is;
is>>r.xuehao;
is>>r.jqi;
is>>r.shuhao;
is>>r.hqi;
is>>r.xjie;
is>>r.state;
return is;
}
ostream&operator<<(ostream&os,record&r)
{
os<<r.xuehao<<" ";
os<<r.jqi<<" ";
os<<r.shuhao<<" ";
os<<r.hqi<<" ";
os<<r.xjie<<" ";
os<<r.state<<endl;
return os;
}
class book
{
public:
int shuhao,zongce,jiechu,shengyu;
string shumi,cbans,zuozhe;
double price;
vector<record>v1;
vector<record>::iterator it1;
multimap<int,int>m1;
multimap<int,int>::iterator mit1;
book(){}
book(int sh,string sm,string zz,string cbs,double p,int zc,int jc)
{shuhao=sh;
shumi=sm;
cbans=cbs;
zongce=zc;
jiechu=jc;
shengyu=zongce-jiechu;
}
vector<record>getrecord(){return v1;}
int getshuhao(){return shuhao;}
string getshumi(){return shumi;}
string getcbans(){return cbans;}
string getzuozhe(){return zuozhe;}
double getprice(){return price;}
void setzongce(int zc){zongce=zc;}
int getzongce(){return zongce;}
void setjiechu(int jc){jiechu=jc;}
int getjiechu(){return jiechu;}
void add(record r1);
void display();
};
void book::display()
{
cout<<shuhao<<" "<<shumi<<" "<<zuozhe<<" "<<cbans<<" ";
cout<<"价格:"<<price<<" ";
cout<<"总册数:"<<zongce<<" "<<"借出:"<<jiechu<<" "<<"剩余:"<<shengyu;
}
istream&operator>>(istream&is,book&b)
{
is>>b.shuhao;
if(b.shuhao==-1)
return is;
is>>b.shumi;
is>>b.zuozhe;
is>>b.cbans;
is>>b.price;
is>>b.zongce;
is>>b.jiechu;
}
ostream &operator<<(ostream&os,const book&b)
{
os<<b.shuhao<<" ";
os<<b.shumi<<" ";
os<<b.zuozhe<<" ";
os<<b.cbans<<" ";
os<<b.price<<" ";
os<<b.zongce<<" ";
os<<b.jiechu<<" ";
os<<b.shengyu<<endl;
return os;
}
void book::add(record r1)
{
int i;
r1.setstate(1);
v1.push_back(r1);
i=v1.size();
cout<<i;
m1.insert(make_pair(r1.getsh(),i-1));
}
class user
{
int xuehao;
string name;
int kejie;
int cq;
vector<record>v2;
vector<record>::iterator it2;
multimap<int,int>m2;
multimap<int,int>::iterator mit2;
public:
user(int xh,string na,int kj):xuehao(xh),name(na),kejie(kj){}
user(){cq=0;}
int getxh(){return xuehao;}
void setxh(int xh){xuehao=xh;}
string getna(){return name;}
void setna(string na){name=na;}
int getkj(){return kejie;}
void setkj(int kj){kejie=kj;}
void setcq(int kj){cq=kj;}
int getcq(){return cq;}
vector<record>getrecord(){return v2;}
void addr2(record r2);
friend istream&operator>>(istream&is,user&u);
friend ostream&operator<<(ostream&os,user&u);
void operator=(user&u)
{
xuehao=u.getxh();
name=u.getna();
kejie=u.getkj();
v2=u.getrecord();
}
bool operator==(user u)
{
return this->xuehao==u.getxh()?1:0;
}
};
istream&operator>>(istream&is,user&u)
{
is>>u.xuehao;
if(u.xuehao==-1)
return is;
is>>u.name;
is>>u.kejie;
//is>>u.cq;
return is;
}
ostream&operator<<(ostream&os,user&u)
{
os<<u.xuehao<<" ";
os<<u.name<<" ";
os<<u.kejie<<endl;
//os<<u.cq<<endl;
/* for(int i=0;i<u.v2.size();i++)
os<<u.v2[i];
return os;*/
}
void user::addr2(record r2)
{
r2.setstate(1);
v2.push_back(r2);
int i=v2.size();
m2.insert(make_pair(r2.getsh(),i-1));
}
class manage
{
vector<book>v3;
vector<book>::iterator it3;
multimap<int,int>m3;
multimap<int,int>::iterator mit3;
vector<user>v4;
vector<user>::iterator it4;
multimap<int,int>m4;
multimap<int,int>::iterator mit4;
public:
manage(){}
~manage()
{
save1();
save2();
}
void addbook();
void adduser();
void load1();
void load2();
void save1();
void save2();
};
void manage::load1()//读取
{
book b;
int i;
ifstream infile("d:\\20171748book.txt",ios::in);
if(!infile)
return;
v3.clear();
m3.clear();
i=0;
while(infile>>b)
{v3.push_back(b);
m3.insert(make_pair(b.getshuhao(),i-1));
i++;
}
infile.close();
}
void manage::save1()
{
ofstream outfile("d:\\20171748book.txt",ios::out);
if(!outfile)
return ;
for(it3=v3.begin();it3!=v3.end();it3++)
{
outfile<<*it3;
}
outfile.close();
}
void manage::load2()
{
user u;
int i;
ifstream infile("d:\\20171748stu.txt",ios::in);
if(!infile)
return;
v4.clear();
m4.clear();
i=0;
//infile>>u;
while(infile>>u)
{
v4.push_back(u);
m4.insert(make_pair(u.getxh(),i));
i++;
}
infile.close();
}
void manage::save2()//写入
{
ofstream outfile("d:\\20171748stu.txt",ios::out);
if(!outfile)
return ;
for(it4=v4.begin();it4!=v4.end();it4++)
{
outfile<<*it4;
}
outfile.close();
}
void manage::addbook()
{
int i;
while(1)
{
book b;
if(b.getshuhao()==-1)
break;
v3.push_back(b);
i=v3.size();
m3.insert(make_pair(b.getshuhao(),i-1));
ofstream outfile("d:\\20171748book.txt",ios::app);
if(!outfile)
return ;
outfile<<b;
outfile.close();
}
}
void manage::adduser()
{
int xh;
string name;
int kj;
int i;
while(1)
{
user u;
if(u.getxh()==-1)
break;
v4.push_back(u);
i=v4.size();
m4.insert(make_pair(u.getxh(),i-1));
ofstream outfile("d:\\20171748stu.txt",ios::app);
outfile<<u;
outfile.close();
}
}
/*int main()
{
manage m1;
m1.addbook();
manage m2;
//m2.save2();
m2.adduser();
/*record x;
Time jq;
int year,month,day;
for(int i=0;i<=10;i++)
{
cin>>sh>>xh>>year>>month>>day;
jq.setTime(year,month,day);
record x(sh,xh,jq);
x.display();
}
}*/
class client
{
vector<book>v5;
vector<book>::iterator it5;
multimap<int,int>m5;
multimap<int,int>::iterator mit5;
user u;
public:
client(){load3();load4();}
~client(){save3();save4();}
void load3();
void save3();
void load4();
void save4();
int search5(int sh);
void querybook();
void jie();
void huan();
};
void client::save3()
{
ofstream outfile("d:\\20171748book.txt",ios::out);
if(!outfile) return;
for(it5=v5.begin();it5!=v5.end();it5++)
outfile<<*it5;
outfile.close();
}
void client::load3()
{
book b;
ifstream infile("d:\\20171748book.txt",ios::in);
if(!infile) return;
v5.clear();
m5.clear();
while(infile>>b)
{
v5.push_back(b);
int i=v5.size();
m5.insert(make_pair(b.getshuhao(),i-1));
}
infile.close();
}
void client::load4()
{
int xh;
cin>>xh;
user u;
int i;
ifstream infile("d:\\20171748stu.txt",ios::in);
if(!infile) return;
while(infile>>u)
{
if(u.getxh()==xh)
this->u=u;
}
infile.close();
}
void client::save4()
{
vector<user>v;
vector<user>::iterator it;
user u1;
ifstream infile("d:\\20171748stu.txt",ios::in);
if(!infile) return;
while(infile>>u1)
{
if(u1==this->u)
u1=this->u;
v.push_back(u1);
}
infile.close();
ofstream outfile("d:\\20171748stu.txt",ios::out);
if(!outfile) return;
for(it=v.begin();it!=v.end();it++)
outfile<<*it;
outfile.close();
}
void client::jie()
{
int sh,shumi;
Time t;
cin>>sh>>t;
record r(sh,u.getxh(),t);
user u;
u.addr2(r);
ofstream outfile("d:\\20171748book.txt",ios::app);
outfile<<r;
outfile.close();
}
void client::huan()
{
int sh,shumi;
Time h;
cin>>sh>>h;
}
int main()
{
manage m;
m.addbook();
m.adduser();
client c;
c.jie();
c.huan();
}
图书管理系统总结
1. 写作过程遇到的问题及解决方法
2. 如何自动生成文件以及写入数据？ 通过翻阅书籍及资料，找到了生成文件的方法
3. 如何写入数据不覆盖？ 上网搜了一下，把ios：：in的 in 改成 app 可以做到这一点
4. STL如何使用？ 看了很多遍的课件，也不是很懂，最后看了一下别人的代码，发现有很多一样的地方，问了同学，才堪堪解决了这个问题
注意
1. 写入文件后，一定要用 close 关闭
2. 析构函数是直接调用的
3. 重载输入输出流必须是友元函数
心得
因为之前的ATM有老师给的设计方案，所以思路清晰，写起来还算容易。而图书管理系统是要全靠自己，所以一上来有点慌，完全搞不懂思路，没有丁点头绪，再加上基础知识本就掌握不牢，STL是个啥？所以就想自己学一点知识后再写，想好步骤再动手。反正整个过程真是无比纠结，最后我发现写代码嘛，即使不会，也要写，说不定写着写着就有思路了，如果你不写，只是在脑子里想，越想越乱，反正我是这样。通过这次的作业，我发现写程序里面也是有很多套路的，很多地方都是差不多的，主要是理解了他的意思、含义，一切就很简单了（当然是以我并不完善的代码为例说的）所以说学好基础知识很关键啊！！！然后就是STL的使用，这次作业让我对他的了解更多了，起码会用了，但是要说熟练应用甚至完全掌握，还是远远不够的。不过不得不说的是真的很方便，有很多函数直接调用就好，比如vector里的push_back、close等等，节约时间，更节省脑力。