stm32-SPI读取串行FLASH

其他 2018-06-27 20:53:46 阅读次数: 2

SPI协议：是由摩托罗拉公司提出的通讯协议(Serial Peripheral Interface)，即串行外围设备接口，是一种高速全双工的通信总线。它被广泛地使用在ADC、LCD 等设备与MCU 间，要求通讯速率较高的场合。

物理层：

S S  ( Slave Select)：从设备选择信号线，常称为片选信号线，也称为NSS、CS，以下用NSS 表示。当有多个SPI 从设备与SPI 主机相连时，设备的其它信号线SCK、MOSI及MISO 同时并联到相同的SPI 总线上，即无论有多少个从设备，都共同只使用这3 条总线；而每个从设备都有独立的这一条NSS 信号线，本信号线独占主机的一个引脚，即有多少个从设备，就有多少条片选信号线。I2C  协议中通过设备地址来寻址、选中总线上的某个设备并与其进行通讯；而SPI 协议中没有设备地址，它使用NSS 信号线来寻址，当主机要选择从设备时，把该从设备的NSS 信号线设置为低电平，该从设备即被选中，即片选有效，接着主机开始与被选中的从设备进行SPI通讯。所以SPI通讯以NSS 线置低电平为开始信号，以NSS 线被拉高作为结束信号。

SCK (Serial Clock)：时钟信号线，用于通讯数据同步。它由通讯主机产生，决定了通讯的速率，不同的设备支持的最高时钟频率不一样，如STM32 的SPI 时钟频率最大为fpclk/2，两个设备之间通讯时，通讯速率受限于低速设备。

MOSI (Master Output，Slave Input)：主设备输出/从设备输入引脚。主机的数据从这条信号线输出，从机由这条信号线读入主机发送的数据，即这条线上数据的方向为主机到从机。

MISO(Master Input,，Slave Output)：主设备输入/从设备输出引脚。主机从这条信号线读入数据，从机的数据由这条信号线输出到主机，即在这条线上数据的方向为从机到主机，只有这条线的信号由从机产生。

SPI设备之间的常用连线方式如下： 

 

协议层：

SPI 一共有四种通讯模式，它们的主要区别是总线空闲时SCK 的时钟状态以及数据采样时刻。为方便说明，在此引入“时钟极性CPOL”和“时钟相位CPHA”的概念。时钟极性CPOL 是指SPI 通讯设备处于空闲状态时，SCK 信号线的电平信号(即SPI 通讯开始前、NSS 线为高电平时SCK 的状态)。CPOL=0 时，SCK 在空闲状态时为低电平，CPOL=1 时，则相反。时钟相位CPHA 是指数据的采样的时刻，当CPHA=0 时，MOSI 或MISO 数据线上的信号将会在SCK 时钟线的“奇数边沿”被采样。当CPHA=1 时，数据线在SCK 的“偶数边沿”采样。

bsp_spi_flash.h文件：

#ifndef __SPI_FLASH_H
#define __SPI_FLASH_H

#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#define  sFLASH_ID    0XEF4017
#define  SPI_FLASH_PageSize   256
#define  SPI_FLASH_PerWritePageSize 256
//Flash命令定义 
#define W25X_WriteEnable              0x06 
#define W25X_WriteDisable              0x04 
#define W25X_ReadStatusReg            0x05 
#define W25X_WriteStatusReg            0x01 
#define W25X_ReadData                    0x03 
#define W25X_FastReadData              0x0B 
#define W25X_FastReadDual              0x3B 
#define W25X_PageProgram              0x02 
#define W25X_BlockErase                  0xD8 
#define W25X_SectorErase              0x20 
#define W25X_ChipErase                  0xC7 
#define W25X_PowerDown                  0xB9 
#define W25X_ReleasePowerDown        0xAB 
#define W25X_DeviceID                    0xAB 
#define W25X_ManufactDeviceID       0x90 
#define W25X_JedecDeviceID            0x9F
//WIP（busy) 标志，Flash内部正在写入
#define WIP_flag   0x01
#define Dummy_Byte 0xFF
 //SPI接口定义
 #define FLASH_SPIx   SPI1
 #define FLASH_SPI_CLK   RCC_APB2Periph_SPI1
 //片选引脚 
 #define FLASH_SPI_CS_CLK   RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOC
 #define FLASH_SPI_CS_PORT  GPIOC
 #define FLASH_SPI_CS_PIN   GPIO_Pin_0
 //SCK引脚
 #define FLASH_SPI_SCK_CLK  RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA
 #define FLASH_SPI_SCK_PORT GPIOA
 #define FLASH_SPI_SCK_PIN  GPIO_Pin_5
 //MISO引脚
 #define FLASH_SPI_MISO_CLK  RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA
 #define FLASH_SPI_MISO_PORT GPIOA
 #define FLASH_SPI_MISO_PIN  GPIO_Pin_6
 //MOSI引脚
 #define FLASH_SPI_MOSI_CLK  RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA
 #define FLASH_SPI_MOSI_PORT GPIOA
 #define FLASH_SPI_MOSI_PIN  GPIO_Pin_7
 
 #define SPI_FLASH_CS_LOW()   GPIO_ResetBits(FLASH_SPI_CS_PORT, FLASH_SPI_CS_PIN)
 #define SPI_FLASH_CS_HIGH()  GPIO_SetBits( FLASH_SPI_CS_PORT, FLASH_SPI_CS_PIN )
 
#define SPIT_FLAG_TIMEOUT         ((uint32_t)0x1000)
#define SPIT_LONG_TIMEOUT         ((uint32_t)(10 * SPIT_FLAG_TIMEOUT))

#define FLASH_DEBUG_ON         1

#define FLASH_INFO(fmt,arg...)           printf("<<-FLASH-INFO->> "fmt"\n",##arg)
#define FLASH_ERROR(fmt,arg...)          printf("<<-FLASH-ERROR->> "fmt"\n",##arg)
#define FLASH_DEBUG(fmt,arg...)          do{\
                                          if(FLASH_DEBUG_ON)\
                                          printf("<<-FLASH-DEBUG->> [%d]"fmt"\n",__LINE__, ##arg);\
                                          }while(0)

void SPI_FLASH_Init(void);
void SPI_FLASH_SectorErase(u32 SectorAddr);
void SPI_FLASH_BulkErase(void);
void SPI_FLASH_PageWrite(u8* pBuffer, u32 WriteAddr, u16 NumByteToWrite);
void SPI_FLASH_BufferWrite(u8* pBuffer, u32 WriteAddr, u16 NumByteToWrite);
void SPI_FLASH_BufferRead(u8* pBuffer, u32 ReadAddr, u16 NumByteToRead);
u32 SPI_FLASH_ReadID(void);
u32 SPI_FLASH_ReadDeviceID(void);
void SPI_FLASH_StartReadSequence(up32 ReadAddr);
void SPI_Flash_PowerDown(void);
void SPI_Flash_WAKEUP(void);


u8 SPI_FLASH_ReadByte(void);
u8 SPI_FLASH_SendByte(u8 byte);
u16 SPI_FLASH_SendHalfWord(u16 HalfWord);
void SPI_FLASH_WriteEnable(void);
void SPI_FLASH_WaitForWriteEnd(void);
#endif

bsp_spi_flash.c文件：

#include "bsp_spi_flash.h"

static __IO uint32_t  SPITimeout = SPIT_LONG_TIMEOUT;    
static uint16_t SPI_TIMEOUT_UserCallback(uint8_t errorCode);

void SPI_FLASH_Init(void)
{
  SPI_InitTypeDef  SPI_InitStructure;
  GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(FLASH_SPI_CLK, ENABLE );
     RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(FLASH_SPI_CS_CLK|FLASH_SPI_SCK_CLK|
        FLASH_SPI_MISO_PIN|FLASH_SPI_MOSI_PIN, ENABLE );
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = FLASH_SPI_CS_PIN;
  //配置片选 
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP;
  GPIO_Init(FLASH_SPI_CS_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = FLASH_SPI_SCK_PIN;
  //配置SCK 
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
  GPIO_Init(FLASH_SPI_SCK_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);
  //配置MISO 
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = FLASH_SPI_MISO_PIN;
  GPIO_Init(FLASH_SPI_MISO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);
  //配置MOSI 
  GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = FLASH_SPI_MOSI_PIN;
  GPIO_Init(FLASH_SPI_MOSI_PORT, &GPIO_InitStructure);
  //cs高电平，通讯停止 
  SPI_FLASH_CS_HIGH();
  //SPI模式配置 
  SPI_InitStructure.SPI_Direction = SPI_Direction_2Lines_FullDuplex;
  SPI_InitStructure.SPI_Mode = SPI_Mode_Master;
  SPI_InitStructure.SPI_DataSize = SPI_DataSize_8b;
  SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CPOL = SPI_CPOL_High;
  SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CPHA = SPI_CPHA_2Edge;
  SPI_InitStructure.SPI_NSS = SPI_NSS_Soft;
  SPI_InitStructure.SPI_BaudRatePrescaler = SPI_BaudRatePrescaler_4;
  SPI_InitStructure.SPI_FirstBit = SPI_FirstBit_MSB;
  SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CRCPolynomial = 7;
  SPI_Init(FLASH_SPIx , &SPI_InitStructure);
  SPI_Cmd(FLASH_SPIx , ENABLE);
    
}
//擦除FLASH 
void SPI_FLASH_SectorErase(u32 SectorAddr)
{
  SPI_FLASH_WriteEnable();
  SPI_FLASH_WaitForWriteEnd();
  SPI_FLASH_CS_LOW();
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(W25X_SectorErase);
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte((SectorAddr & 0xFF0000) >> 16);
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte((SectorAddr & 0xFF00) >> 8);
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(SectorAddr & 0xFF);
  SPI_FLASH_CS_HIGH();
  SPI_FLASH_WaitForWriteEnd();
}
//擦除FLASH扇区 
void SPI_FLASH_BulkErase(void)
{
  SPI_FLASH_WriteEnable();
  SPI_FLASH_CS_LOW();
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(W25X_ChipErase);
  SPI_FLASH_CS_HIGH();
  SPI_FLASH_WaitForWriteEnd();
}

//按页写入数据 
void SPI_FLASH_PageWrite(u8* pBuffer, u32 WriteAddr, u16 NumByteToWrite)
{
  SPI_FLASH_WriteEnable();
  SPI_FLASH_CS_LOW();
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(W25X_PageProgram);
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte((WriteAddr & 0xFF0000) >> 16);
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte((WriteAddr & 0xFF00) >> 8);
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(WriteAddr & 0xFF);
  if(NumByteToWrite > SPI_FLASH_PerWritePageSize)
  {
     NumByteToWrite = SPI_FLASH_PerWritePageSize;
     FLASH_ERROR("SPI_FLASH_PageWrite too large!"); 
  }
  while (NumByteToWrite--)
  {
    SPI_FLASH_SendByte(*pBuffer);
    pBuffer++;
  }
  SPI_FLASH_CS_HIGH();
  SPI_FLASH_WaitForWriteEnd();
}
//写数据 
void SPI_FLASH_BufferWrite(u8* pBuffer, u32 WriteAddr, u16 NumByteToWrite)
{
  u8 NumOfPage = 0, NumOfSingle = 0, Addr = 0, count = 0, temp = 0;
  Addr = WriteAddr % SPI_FLASH_PageSize;
  count = SPI_FLASH_PageSize - Addr;
  NumOfPage =  NumByteToWrite / SPI_FLASH_PageSize;
  NumOfSingle = NumByteToWrite % SPI_FLASH_PageSize;
  if (Addr == 0)
  {
    if (NumOfPage == 0) 
    {
      SPI_FLASH_PageWrite(pBuffer, WriteAddr, NumByteToWrite);
    }
    else 
    { 
      while (NumOfPage--)
      {
        SPI_FLASH_PageWrite(pBuffer, WriteAddr, SPI_FLASH_PageSize);
        WriteAddr +=  SPI_FLASH_PageSize;
        pBuffer += SPI_FLASH_PageSize;
      }
      SPI_FLASH_PageWrite(pBuffer, WriteAddr, NumOfSingle);
    }
  }
  else 
  {
    if (NumOfPage == 0)
    {
      if (NumOfSingle > count) 
      {
        temp = NumOfSingle - count;
        SPI_FLASH_PageWrite(pBuffer, WriteAddr, count);
                
        WriteAddr +=  count;
        pBuffer += count;
        SPI_FLASH_PageWrite(pBuffer, WriteAddr, temp);
      }
      else 
      {
        SPI_FLASH_PageWrite(pBuffer, WriteAddr, NumByteToWrite);
      }
    }
    else 
    {
      NumByteToWrite -= count;
      NumOfPage =  NumByteToWrite / SPI_FLASH_PageSize;
      NumOfSingle = NumByteToWrite % SPI_FLASH_PageSize;
      SPI_FLASH_PageWrite(pBuffer, WriteAddr, count);
      WriteAddr +=  count;
      pBuffer += count;
      while (NumOfPage--)
      {
        SPI_FLASH_PageWrite(pBuffer, WriteAddr, SPI_FLASH_PageSize);
        WriteAddr +=  SPI_FLASH_PageSize;
        pBuffer += SPI_FLASH_PageSize;
      }
      if (NumOfSingle != 0)
      {
        SPI_FLASH_PageWrite(pBuffer, WriteAddr, NumOfSingle);
      }
    }
  }
}

//读数据 
void SPI_FLASH_BufferRead(u8* pBuffer, u32 ReadAddr, u16 NumByteToRead)
{
  SPI_FLASH_CS_LOW();
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(W25X_ReadData);
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte((ReadAddr & 0xFF0000) >> 16);
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte((ReadAddr& 0xFF00) >> 8);
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(ReadAddr & 0xFF);
  while (NumByteToRead--)
  {
    *pBuffer = SPI_FLASH_SendByte(Dummy_Byte);
    pBuffer++;
  }
  SPI_FLASH_CS_HIGH();
}
//读取ID 
u32 SPI_FLASH_ReadID(void)
{
  u32 Temp = 0, Temp0 = 0, Temp1 = 0, Temp2 = 0;
  SPI_FLASH_CS_LOW();
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(W25X_JedecDeviceID);
  Temp0 = SPI_FLASH_SendByte(Dummy_Byte);
  Temp1 = SPI_FLASH_SendByte(Dummy_Byte);
  Temp2 = SPI_FLASH_SendByte(Dummy_Byte);
  SPI_FLASH_CS_HIGH();
    Temp = (Temp0 << 16) | (Temp1 << 8) | Temp2;

  return Temp;
}
//读取DeviceID 
u32 SPI_FLASH_ReadDeviceID(void)
{
  u32 Temp = 0;
  SPI_FLASH_CS_LOW();
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(W25X_DeviceID);
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(Dummy_Byte);
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(Dummy_Byte);
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(Dummy_Byte);
  Temp = SPI_FLASH_SendByte(Dummy_Byte);
  SPI_FLASH_CS_HIGH();

  return Temp;
}

void SPI_FLASH_StartReadSequence(u32 ReadAddr)
{
  SPI_FLASH_CS_LOW();
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(W25X_ReadData);
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte((ReadAddr & 0xFF0000) >> 16);
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte((ReadAddr& 0xFF00) >> 8);
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(ReadAddr & 0xFF);
}

u8 SPI_FLASH_ReadByte(void)
{
  return (SPI_FLASH_SendByte(Dummy_Byte));
}

u8 SPI_FLASH_SendByte(u8 byte)
{
     SPITimeout = SPIT_FLAG_TIMEOUT;
  while (SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus(FLASH_SPIx , SPI_I2S_FLAG_TXE) == RESET)
    {
    if((SPITimeout--) == 0) return SPI_TIMEOUT_UserCallback(0);
   }
  SPI_I2S_SendData(FLASH_SPIx , byte);

    SPITimeout = SPIT_FLAG_TIMEOUT;
  while (SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus(FLASH_SPIx , SPI_I2S_FLAG_RXNE) == RESET)
  {
    if((SPITimeout--) == 0) return SPI_TIMEOUT_UserCallback(1);
   }
  return SPI_I2S_ReceiveData(FLASH_SPIx );
}

u16 SPI_FLASH_SendHalfWord(u16 HalfWord)
{
      SPITimeout = SPIT_FLAG_TIMEOUT;
  while (SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus(FLASH_SPIx , SPI_I2S_FLAG_TXE) == RESET)
    {
    if((SPITimeout--) == 0) return SPI_TIMEOUT_UserCallback(2);
   }
  SPI_I2S_SendData(FLASH_SPIx , HalfWord);

     SPITimeout = SPIT_FLAG_TIMEOUT;
  while (SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus(FLASH_SPIx , SPI_I2S_FLAG_RXNE) == RESET)
     {
    if((SPITimeout--) == 0) return SPI_TIMEOUT_UserCallback(3);
   }
  return SPI_I2S_ReceiveData(FLASH_SPIx );
}

void SPI_FLASH_WriteEnable(void)
{
  SPI_FLASH_CS_LOW();
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(W25X_WriteEnable);
  SPI_FLASH_CS_HIGH();
}

void SPI_FLASH_WaitForWriteEnd(void)
{
  u8 FLASH_Status = 0;
  SPI_FLASH_CS_LOW();
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(W25X_ReadStatusReg);
  do
  {
    FLASH_Status = SPI_FLASH_SendByte(Dummy_Byte);     
  }
  while ((FLASH_Status & WIP_flag ) == SET);  
  SPI_FLASH_CS_HIGH();
}

void SPI_Flash_PowerDown(void)   
{ 
  SPI_FLASH_CS_LOW();
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(W25X_PowerDown);
  SPI_FLASH_CS_HIGH();
}   

void SPI_Flash_WAKEUP(void)   
{
  SPI_FLASH_CS_LOW();
  SPI_FLASH_SendByte(W25X_ReleasePowerDown);
  SPI_FLASH_CS_HIGH();
}   
   
static  uint16_t SPI_TIMEOUT_UserCallback(uint8_t errorCode)
{
  FLASH_ERROR("SPI等待超时!errorCode = %d",errorCode);
  return 0;
}

main.c文件：

#include "stm32f10x.h"
#include "bsp_usart.h"
#include "bsp_led.h"
#include "bsp_spi_flash.h"


typedef enum { FAILED = 0, PASSED = !FAILED} TestStatus;

#define TxBufferSize1   (countof(TxBuffer1) - 1)
#define RxBufferSize1   (countof(TxBuffer1) - 1)
#define countof(a)      (sizeof(a) / sizeof(*(a)))
#define  BufferSize (countof(Tx_Buffer)-1)

#define  FLASH_WriteAddress     0x00000
#define  FLASH_ReadAddress      FLASH_WriteAddress
#define  FLASH_SectorToErase    FLASH_WriteAddress

uint8_t Tx_Buffer[] = "hello stm32!!!\r\n";
uint8_t Rx_Buffer[BufferSize];

__IO uint32_t DeviceID = 0;
__IO uint32_t FlashID = 0;
__IO TestStatus TransferStatus1 = FAILED;

void Delay(__IO uint32_t nCount);
TestStatus Buffercmp(uint8_t* pBuffer1,uint8_t* pBuffer2, uint16_t BufferLength);

int main(void)
{     
    LED_GPIO_Config();
    USART_Config();
    printf("\r\n 这是一个8M的串行flash W25Q64实验!\r\n");
    SPI_FLASH_Init();
    DeviceID = SPI_FLASH_ReadDeviceID();    
    Delay( 200 );
    FlashID = SPI_FLASH_ReadID();    
    printf("\r\n FlashID is 0x%X,\
    Manufacturer Device ID is 0x%X\r\n", FlashID, DeviceID);
    if (FlashID == sFLASH_ID)
    {    
        printf("\r\n检测到串行flash W25Q64\r\n");
        SPI_FLASH_SectorErase(FLASH_SectorToErase);          
        SPI_FLASH_BufferWrite(Tx_Buffer, FLASH_WriteAddress, BufferSize);        
        printf("\r\n 写入的数据为：%s \r\t", Tx_Buffer);
        SPI_FLASH_BufferRead(Rx_Buffer, FLASH_ReadAddress, BufferSize);
        printf("\r\n 读出的数据为\r\n", Rx_Buffer);
        TransferStatus1 = Buffercmp(Tx_Buffer, Rx_Buffer, BufferSize);
        if( PASSED == TransferStatus1 )
        { 
            green(ON);
            printf("\r\n 测试成功!\n\r");
        }
        else
        {        
            red(ON);
            printf("\r\n 测试失败\n\r");
        }
    }// if (FlashID == sFLASH_ID)
    else// if (FlashID == sFLASH_ID)
    { 
        red(ON);
        printf("\r\n 获取不到W25Q64 ID!\n\r");
    }
    
    while(1);  
}
//比较两个缓冲区的内容是否一样 
TestStatus Buffercmp(uint8_t* pBuffer1, uint8_t* pBuffer2, uint16_t BufferLength)
{
  while(BufferLength--)
  {
    if(*pBuffer1 != *pBuffer2)
    {
      return FAILED;
    }
    pBuffer1++;
    pBuffer2++;
  }
  return PASSED;
}

void Delay(__IO uint32_t nCount)
{
  for(; nCount != 0; nCount--);
}

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