有关概念在这里我不做说明，网上有很多，在这里我只介绍一下我的上机操作实践，以便空闲之余回看！
Rsync本地模式实战：
[root@oldboy ~]# mkdir /etc/a ==》创建一个目录
[root@oldboy ~]# rsync -vzrtopg /etc/a /mnt/ ==》将这个新创建的目录备份/mnt/目录
sending incremental file list
a/ ==》备份成功
sent 37 bytes received 16 bytes 106.00 bytes/sec
total size is 0 speedup is 0.00
[root@oldboy ~]# cd /mnt/ ==》切换到/mnt/目录
[root@oldboy mnt]# ll ==》查看是否备份成功
总用量 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月 13 19:38 a
[root@oldboy mnt]# cd ~
[root@oldboy ~]# mkdir /etc/b ==》创建一个空白文件/etc/b
[root@oldboy ~]# rsync -avz --delete /etc/b /mnt/ ==》尝试删除/mnt/目录下的文件
sending incremental file list
b/
sent 37 bytes received 16 bytes 106.00 bytes/sec
total size is 0 speedup is 0.00
[root@oldboy ~]# cd /mnt/ ==》黄色部分是我在删除的过程中的一次次尝试 ，显示出来我对删除中不熟练
[root@oldboy mnt]# ll
总用量 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月 13 19:38 a
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月 13 19:39 b
[root@oldboy mnt]# rsync -avz /etc/b/ /mnt/
sending incremental file list
./
sent 29 bytes received 15 bytes 88.00 bytes/sec
total size is 0 speedup is 0.00
[root@oldboy mnt]# ll
总用量 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月 13 19:38 a
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月 13 19:39 b
[root@oldboy mnt]# rsync -avz --delete /etc/b /mnt/ 红色部分是两次删除的区别
sending incremental file list
sent 34 bytes received 13 bytes 94.00 bytes/sec
total size is 0 speedup is 0.00
[root@oldboy mnt]# rsync -avz --delete /etc/b/ /mnt/
sending incremental file list
sent 26 bytes received 12 bytes 76.00 bytes/sec
total size is 0 speedup is 0.00
[root@oldboy mnt]# ll
总用量 0
deleting b/
deleting a/
Rsync使用远程ssh通道实践上机实战及总结
服务端操作：
[root@backup ~]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts -e 'ssh -p 22 ' oldboy@10.0.0.31:/mnt/
The authenticity of host '10.0.0.31 (10.0.0.31)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 9a:51:16:25:33:40:0f:5b:04:70:ea:71:12:84:99:69.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.0.0.31' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
sending incremental file list
hosts
rsync: mkstemp "/mnt/.hosts.i6Resk" failed: Permission denied (13)
sent 202 bytes received 31 bytes 31.07 bytes/sec
total size is 345 speedup is 1.48
rsync error: some files/attrs were not transferred (see previous errors) (code 23) at main.c(1039) [sender=3.0.6]
[root@backup ~]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts -e 'ssh -p 22 ' root@10.0.0.31:/mnt/
[email protected]'s password:
sending incremental file list
hosts
sent 202 bytes received 31 bytes 93.20 bytes/sec
total size is 345 speedup is 1.48
客户端操作：
[root@nfs01 ~]# cd /mnt/
[root@nfs01 mnt]# ll
总用量 0
[root@nfs01 mnt]# ll
总用量 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 345 3月 13 19:26 hosts
[root@nfs01 mnt]#
但上述传输速度过慢，现对服务端进行一下修改：
修改要连接的服务器的/etc/ssh/sshd_config配置文件：
80 #GSSAPIAuthentication no
81 GSSAPIAuthentication yes
修改为
80 GSSAPIAuthentication no
81 #GSSAPIAuthentication yes
122 #UseDNS yes
修改为
122 UseDNS no
"/etc/ssh/sshd_config" 138L, 3877C 已写入
[root@nfs01 mnt]# /etc/init.d/sshd restart
停止 sshd： [确定]
正在启动 sshd： [确定]
Rsync服务器之daemon服务模式上机实战
-----这才是rsync的主角，这是rsync服务的重点所在。
两台机器
服务端：
[root@backup ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:F7:EC:E5
inet addr:10.0.0.41 Bcast:10.0.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fef7:ece5/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:1150 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:993 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:134810 (131.6 KiB) TX bytes:122678 (119.8 KiB)
[root@backup ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.7 (Final)
[root@backup ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64
[root@backup ~]# rsync --version
rsync version 3.0.6 protocol version 30
Copyright (C) 1996-2009 by Andrew Tridgell, Wayne Davison, and others.
Web site: http://rsync.samba.org/
Capabilities:
64-bit files, 64-bit inums, 64-bit timestamps, 64-bit long ints,
socketpairs, hardlinks, symlinks, IPv6, batchfiles, inplace,
append, ACLs, xattrs, iconv, symtimes
rsync comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you
are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions. See the GNU
General Public Licence for details.
Rsync 的配置文件在/etc/rsycnd.conf 默认是不存在的
可以man rsyncd.conf 查看配置文件里的内容，然后再来添加
[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/rsyncd.conf
#rsync_config__________________________start
#created by oldboy 20:30 2018-3-13
##rsyncd.conf start##
uid = rsync
gid = rsync
use chroot = no
max connections = 200
timeout = 300
pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
lock file = /var/run/rsync.lock
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log
[backup]
path = /backup
ignore errors
read only = false
list = false
hosts allow = 172.16.1.0/24
hosts deny = 0.0.0.0/32
auth users = rsync_backup
secrets file = /etc/rsync.password
#rsync_config________________end
~
"/etc/rsyncd.conf" 21L, 488C 已写入
[root@backup ~]# id rsync ==》查看rsync用户是否存在
id: rsync：无此用户
[root@backup ~]# useradd rsync -s /sbin/nologin -M -M：不建家目录
[root@backup ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd
rsync:x:501:501::/home/rsync:/sbin/nologin
[root@backup ~]# rsync --daemon ==》启动服务
[root@backup ~]# ps -ef |grep rsync|grep -v grep ==》查看是否启动
root 27649 1 0 20:39 ? 00:00:00 rsync --daemon
[root@backup ~]# ll -d /backup
ls: 无法访问/backup: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@backup ~]# mkdir /backup
[root@backup ~]# ls -ld /backup
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月 13 20:44 /backup
[root@backup ~]# chmod 777 /backup ==》不安全
[root@backup ~]# ll -d /backup
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 3月 13 20:44 /backup
[root@backup ~]# chmod 755 /backup
[root@backup ~]# ll -d /backup
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月 13 20:44 /backup
[root@backup ~]# chown rsync.rsync /backup 权限越小越安全
[root@backup ~]# ll -d /backup
drwxr-xr-x 2 rsync rsync 4096 3月 13 20:44 /backup
[root@backup ~]# ll /etc/rsync.passwd
ls: 无法访问/etc/rsync.passwd: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/rsync.passwd
rsync_backup:oldboy 用户：密码
[root@backup ~]# cat /etc/rsync.passwd
rsync_backup:oldboy
[root@backup ~]# ls -l /etc/rsync.passwd
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 21 3月 13 20:50 /etc/rsync.passwd
[root@backup ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.passwd 修该/etc/rsync.passwd文件权限，注意此处必须为600不然会在日志文件中报错
[root@backup ~]# ls /etc/rsync.passwd -l
-rw------- 1 root root 21 3月 13 20:50 /etc/rsync.passwd
客户端：
[root@nfs01 ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:82:B0:96
inet addr:10.0.0.31 Bcast:10.0.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe82:b096/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:2391 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1654 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:243484 (237.7 KiB) TX bytes:228034 (222.6 KiB)
[root@nfs01 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.7 (Final)
[root@nfs01 ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64
[root@nfs01 ~]# rsync --version
rsync version 3.0.6 protocol version 30
Copyright (C) 1996-2009 by Andrew Tridgell, Wayne Davison, and others.
Web site: http://rsync.samba.org/
Capabilities:
64-bit files, 64-bit inums, 64-bit timestamps, 64-bit long ints,
socketpairs, hardlinks, symlinks, IPv6, batchfiles, inplace,
append, ACLs, xattrs, iconv, symtimes
rsync comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you
are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions. See the GNU
General Public Licence for details.
[root@nfs01 ~]# vim /etc/rsync.password
oldboy
[root@nfs01 ~]# cat /etc/rsync.password
oldboy
[root@nfs01 ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.password
[root@nfs01 ~]# ll /etc/rsync.password
-rw------- 1 root root 7 3月 14 19:24 /etc/rsync.password
[root@nfs01 ~]# cd /mnt/
[root@nfs01 mnt]# mkdir -p /backup
[root@nfs01 mnt]# ll
总用量 0
[root@nfs01 mnt]# ll -d /backup
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月 14 19:25 /backup
客户端向服务端推送：
[root@nfs01 mnt]# cd /backup/ ==》在客户端创建一个和服务端相同的目录，目的是为了可以将需要推送的文件都放到该目录下进行推送
[root@nfs01 backup]# touch stu{01..100} ==》在该目录下创建文件
[root@nfs01 backup]# rsync -avz /backup/ [email protected]::backup/ --password-file=/etc/rsync.password ==》将该目录下的文件都推送给服务端
sending incremental file list
./
stu001
stu002
stu003
......
stu099
stu100
sent 4425 bytes received 1911 bytes 12672.00 bytes/sec
total size is 0 speedup is 0.00
[root@backup ~]# ls /backup/ ==》查看服务端下/backup/下的文件
stu001 stu011 stu021 stu031 stu041 stu051 stu061 stu071 stu081 stu091 ==》推送成功
[root@nfs01 backup]# rsync -avz /backup/ rsync://[email protected] /backup/ --password-file=/etc/rsync.password ==》另一种推送方法
Unexpected remote arg: rsync://[email protected]
rsync error: syntax or usage error (code 1) at main.c(1201) [sender=3.0.6]
[root@nfs01 backup]# rsync -avz /backup/ rsync://[email protected]/backup/ --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
sending incremental file list
./
stu001
stu002
stu003
[root@backup ~]# rm -fr /backup/ ==》注意这里的删除是将该目录及该目录下的文件全删除
[root@backup ~]# cd /backup
-bash: cd: /backup: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@backup ~]#
[root@backup ~]#
[root@backup ~]#
[root@backup ~]# mkdir /backup
[root@backup ~]# chown rsync.rsync /backup
[root@backup ~]# ll /backup/
总用量 0
[root@backup ~]# ll /backup
总用量 0
[root@backup ~]# ll /backup -d
drwxr-xr-x 2 rsync rsync 4096 3月 14 19:48 /backup
[root@backup ~]# ll /backup
总用量 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 3月 14 19:27 stu001
-rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 3月 14 19:27 stu002
-rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 3月 14 19:27 stu003
-rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 3月 14 19:27 stu004
[root@nfs01 backup]# rsync -avz /backup/ rsync://[email protected]/backup/stu01 --password-file=/etc/rsync.password ==》这里是推送目录下的某一个文件，这里只展示一种方法
sending incremental file list
created directory stu01
./
stu001
stu002
stu003
stu004
stu005
stu006
st[root@backup ~]# ll /backup/ ==》推送成功
总用量 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 rsync rsync 4096 3月 14 19:27 stu01
u007
客户端向服务端拉取文件
[root@nfs01 ~]# rsync -avz [email protected]::backup /backup/stu01 --password-file=/etc/rsync.password ==》拉取/backup/目录下的stu01文件
receiving incremental file list
created directory /backup/stu01
./
stu01/
stu01/stu001
stu01/stu002
[root@nfs01 backup]# ll
总用量 0
[root@nfs01 backup]# rsync -avz rsync://[email protected]/backup/a /backup/ --password-file=/etc/rsy
rsync.password rsyslog.conf rsyslog.d/
[root@nfs01 backup]# rsync -avz rsync://[email protected]/backup/a /backup/ --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
receiving incremental file list
a
sent 83 bytes received 130 bytes 426.00 bytes/sec
total size is 0 speedup is 0.00
[root@nfs01 backup]# ll
总用量 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 3月 14 20:33 a