python—基础

一、python的输入与输出

1、常用格式

%s:字符串 %d:整型数(python2中还有长整型)

%.3d:3位整型数,不够位数用0代替

%f:浮点数 %.2f%%:显示2位小数

%%:转译% ctrl + / :批量注释

2、数据类型

int:整型 float:浮点型 complex:复数型 bool:布尔型 str:字符串

 a = 1
print(a,type(a))
1 <class 'int'>
b = 1.3e3
print(b,type(b))
1300.0 <class 'float'>
c = True
print(c,type(c))
True <class 'bool'>
d = 'hello'
print(d,type(d))
hello <class 'str'>

注意:强制转换

int() :整型 float() :浮点型 bool() :布尔型 ##除0之外,全是true

3.python2.7与3.6差异

python3

1.没有长整型

2.input():只识别字符串

  1. 5/2=2.5

    4.打印时,只识别print(“hello”)
    python2.7

    1.input():只识别整型数

    2.raw_input():转换为字符串

   In [1]: a = input("Name:")
Name:123

In [2]: a
Out[2]: 123

In [3]: a = input("Name:")
Name:westos    输入字符串报错
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-3-e3ecbe0eebd3> in <module>()
----> 1 a = input("Name:")

<string> in <module>()

NameError: name 'westos' is not defined

强制转换

In [4]: a = raw_input("Name:")
Name:westos

In [5]: a
Out[5]: 'westos'
  1. 5/2=2需要加载division函数
 In [11]: 5/2
Out[11]: 2
In [17]: from __future__ import division   future左右两边分别有两个下划线

In [18]: 5/2
Out[18]: 2.5
  1. 识别print ‘hello’ 和print(‘hello’)
 In [19]: print 'hello'
hello

In [20]: print('hello')
hello

In [21]: from __future__ import print_function

In [22]: print 'hello'
  File "<ipython-input-22-bfbe230352b8>", line 1
    print 'hello'
                ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax


In [23]: print('hello')
hello

二、if语句

如果…就…
如果…就…
如果…就…

如果都不满足
就…

1、示例

按照学生的平均分测评等级练习

name = input("姓名:")
score1 = int(input("语文:"))
score2 = int(input("数学:"))
score3 = int(input("英语:"))
ave_score = (score1+score2+score3)/3
if 90 < ave_score <= 100:
    leven = 'A'
elif ave_score >=80:
    leven = 'B'
elif ave_score >=70:
    leven = 'C'
elif ave_score >=60:
    leven = 'D'
else:
    leven = 'E'
print("%s的总成绩为%d,综合测评等级为%s" %(name,ave_score,leven))

2、三元运算符

>>>a = 100
>>>b = 50
>>>print(a if a>b else b)
100
>>>a = 20
>>>b = 30 
>>>print(a if a>b else b)
30

3.要求输入大于0的数,求阶乘;输入0,打印0;输入小于0的数,求平方

num = int(input("请输入数字:"))
res = 1
if num >0:
    for i in range(1,num+1):
        res *= i
elif num == 0:
    res = 0
else:
    res = num**2
print(res)

三、循环语句

1.实现cmd命令行效果

import os     调用命令执行模块
while True:
    cmd = input("cmd>>")
    if cmd =="":
        continue
    elif cmd == 'quit':
        break
    else:
        os.system(cmd)

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转载自blog.csdn.net/weixin_41789003/article/details/80507681
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