requests
简介
Python标准库中提供了：urllib、urllib2、httplib等模块以供Http请求，但是，它的 API 太渣了。它是为另一个时代、另一个互联网所创建的。它需要巨量的工作，甚至包括各种方法覆盖，来完成最简单的任务。
Requests 是使用 Apache2 Licensed 许可证的 基于Python开发的HTTP 库，其在Python内置模块的基础上进行了高度的封装，从而使得Pythoner进行网络请求时，变得美好了许多，使用Requests可以轻而易举的完成浏览器可有的任何操作。
1、GET请求
1 # 1、无参数实例 2 3 import requests 4 5 ret = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json') 6 7 print ret.url 8 print ret.text 9 10 11 12 # 2、有参数实例 13 14 import requests 15 16 payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'} 17 ret = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload) 18 19 print ret.url 20 print ret.text
2、POST请求
1 # 1、基本POST实例 2 3 import requests 4 5 payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'} 6 ret = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload) 7 8 print ret.text 9 10 11 # 2、发送请求头和数据实例 12 13 import requests 14 import json 15 16 url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint' 17 payload = {'some': 'data'} 18 headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'} 19 20 ret = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload), headers=headers) 21 22 print ret.text 23 print ret.cookies
3、其他请求
requests.get(url, params=None, **kwargs) requests.post(url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs) requests.put(url, data=None, **kwargs) requests.head(url, **kwargs) requests.delete(url, **kwargs) requests.patch(url, data=None, **kwargs) requests.options(url, **kwargs) # 以上方法均是在此方法的基础上构建 requests.request(method, url, **kwargs)
4、更多参数
1 def request(method, url, **kwargs): 2 """Constructs and sends a :class:`Request <Request>`. 3 4 :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object. 5 :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object. 6 :param params: (optional) Dictionary or bytes to be sent in the query string for the :class:`Request`. 7 :param data: (optional) Dictionary, bytes, or file-like object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. 8 :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`. 9 :param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`. 10 :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`. 11 :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'name': file-like-objects`` (or ``{'name': file-tuple}``) for multipart encoding upload. 12 ``file-tuple`` can be a 2-tuple ``('filename', fileobj)``, 3-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type')`` 13 or a 4-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type', custom_headers)``, where ``'content-type'`` is a string 14 defining the content type of the given file and ``custom_headers`` a dict-like object containing additional headers 15 to add for the file. 16 :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth. 17 :param timeout: (optional) How long to wait for the server to send data 18 before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read 19 timeout) <timeouts>` tuple. 20 :type timeout: float or tuple 21 :param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Set to True if POST/PUT/DELETE redirect following is allowed. 22 :type allow_redirects: bool 23 :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy. 24 :param verify: (optional) whether the SSL cert will be verified. A CA_BUNDLE path can also be provided. Defaults to ``True``. 25 :param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately downloaded. 26 :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair. 27 :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object 28 :rtype: requests.Response 29 30 Usage:: 31 32 >>> import requests 33 >>> req = requests.request('GET', 'http://httpbin.org/get') 34 <Response [200]> 35 """
1 def param_method_url(): 2 # requests.request(method='get', url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/') 3 # requests.request(method='post', url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/') 4 pass 5 6 7 def param_param(): 8 # - 可以是字典 9 # - 可以是字符串 10 # - 可以是字节（ascii编码以内） 11 12 # requests.request(method='get', 13 # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', 14 # params={'k1': 'v1', 'k2': '水电费'}) 15 16 # requests.request(method='get', 17 # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', 18 # params="k1=v1&k2=水电费&k3=v3&k3=vv3") 19 20 # requests.request(method='get', 21 # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', 22 # params=bytes("k1=v1&k2=k2&k3=v3&k3=vv3", encoding='utf8')) 23 24 # 错误 25 # requests.request(method='get', 26 # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', 27 # params=bytes("k1=v1&k2=水电费&k3=v3&k3=vv3", encoding='utf8')) 28 pass 29 30 31 def param_data(): 32 # 可以是字典 33 # 可以是字符串 34 # 可以是字节 35 # 可以是文件对象 36 37 # requests.request(method='POST', 38 # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', 39 # data={'k1': 'v1', 'k2': '水电费'}) 40 41 # requests.request(method='POST', 42 # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', 43 # data="k1=v1; k2=v2; k3=v3; k3=v4" 44 # ) 45 46 # requests.request(method='POST', 47 # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', 48 # data="k1=v1;k2=v2;k3=v3;k3=v4", 49 # headers={'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'} 50 # ) 51 52 # requests.request(method='POST', 53 # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', 54 # data=open('data_file.py', mode='r', encoding='utf-8'), # 文件内容是：k1=v1;k2=v2;k3=v3;k3=v4 55 # headers={'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'} 56 # ) 57 pass 58 59 60 def param_json(): 61 # 将json中对应的数据进行序列化成一个字符串，json.dumps(...) 62 # 然后发送到服务器端的body中，并且Content-Type是 {'Content-Type': 'application/json'} 63 requests.request(method='POST', 64 url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', 65 json={'k1': 'v1', 'k2': '水电费'}) 66 67 68 def param_headers(): 69 # 发送请求头到服务器端 70 requests.request(method='POST', 71 url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', 72 json={'k1': 'v1', 'k2': '水电费'}, 73 headers={'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'} 74 ) 75 76 77 def param_cookies(): 78 # 发送Cookie到服务器端 79 requests.request(method='POST', 80 url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', 81 data={'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 'v2'}, 82 cookies={'cook1': 'value1'}, 83 ) 84 # 也可以使用CookieJar（字典形式就是在此基础上封装） 85 from http.cookiejar import CookieJar 86 from http.cookiejar import Cookie 87 88 obj = CookieJar() 89 obj.set_cookie(Cookie(version=0, name='c1', value='v1', port=None, domain='', path='/', secure=False, expires=None, 90 discard=True, comment=None, comment_url=None, rest={'HttpOnly': None}, rfc2109=False, 91 port_specified=False, domain_specified=False, domain_initial_dot=False, path_specified=False) 92 ) 93 requests.request(method='POST', 94 url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', 95 data={'k1': 'v1', 'k2': 'v2'}, 96 cookies=obj) 97 98 99 def param_files(): 100 # 发送文件 101 # file_dict = { 102 # 'f1': open('readme', 'rb') 103 # } 104 # requests.request(method='POST', 105 # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', 106 # files=file_dict) 107 108 # 发送文件，定制文件名 109 # file_dict = { 110 # 'f1': ('test.txt', open('readme', 'rb')) 111 # } 112 # requests.request(method='POST', 113 # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', 114 # files=file_dict) 115 116 # 发送文件，定制文件名 117 # file_dict = { 118 # 'f1': ('test.txt', "hahsfaksfa9kasdjflaksdjf") 119 # } 120 # requests.request(method='POST', 121 # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', 122 # files=file_dict) 123 124 # 发送文件，定制文件名 125 # file_dict = { 126 # 'f1': ('test.txt', "hahsfaksfa9kasdjflaksdjf", 'application/text', {'k1': '0'}) 127 # } 128 # requests.request(method='POST', 129 # url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', 130 # files=file_dict) 131 132 pass 133 134 135 def param_auth(): 136 from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth, HTTPDigestAuth 137 138 ret = requests.get('https://api.github.com/user', auth=HTTPBasicAuth('zhaogongzi', 'sdfasdfasdf')) 139 print(ret.text) 140 141 # ret = requests.get('http://192.168.1.1', 142 # auth=HTTPBasicAuth('admin', 'admin')) 143 # ret.encoding = 'gbk' 144 # print(ret.text) 145 146 # ret = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/digest-auth/auth/user/pass', auth=HTTPDigestAuth('user', 'pass')) 147 # print(ret) 148 # 149 150 151 def param_timeout(): 152 # ret = requests.get('http://google.com/', timeout=1) 153 # print(ret) 154 155 # ret = requests.get('http://google.com/', timeout=(5, 1)) 156 # print(ret) 157 pass 158 159 160 def param_allow_redirects(): 161 ret = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', allow_redirects=False) 162 print(ret.text) 163 164 165 def param_proxies(): 166 # proxies = { 167 # "http": "61.172.249.96:80", 168 # "https": "http://61.185.219.126:3128", 169 # } 170 171 # proxies = {'http://10.20.1.128': 'http://10.10.1.10:5323'} 172 173 # ret = requests.get("http://www.proxy360.cn/Proxy", proxies=proxies) 174 # print(ret.headers) 175 176 177 # from requests.auth import HTTPProxyAuth 178 # 179 # proxyDict = { 180 # 'http': '77.75.105.165', 181 # 'https': '77.75.105.165' 182 # } 183 # auth = HTTPProxyAuth('username', 'mypassword') 184 # 185 # r = requests.get("http://www.google.com", proxies=proxyDict, auth=auth) 186 # print(r.text) 187 188 pass 189 190 191 def param_stream(): 192 ret = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', stream=True) 193 print(ret.content) 194 ret.close() 195 196 # from contextlib import closing 197 # with closing(requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get', stream=True)) as r: 198 # # 在此处理响应。 199 # for i in r.iter_content(): 200 # print(i) 201 202 203 def requests_session(): 204 import requests 205 206 session = requests.Session() 207 208 ### 1、首先登陆任何页面，获取cookie 209 210 i1 = session.get(url="http://dig.chouti.com/help/service") 211 212 ### 2、用户登陆，携带上一次的cookie，后台对cookie中的 gpsd 进行授权 213 i2 = session.post( 214 url="http://dig.chouti.com/login", 215 data={ 216 'phone': "8615131255089", 217 'password': "xxxxxx", 218 'oneMonth': "" 219 } 220 ) 221 222 i3 = session.post( 223 url="http://dig.chouti.com/link/vote?linksId=8589623", 224 ) 225 print(i3.text)
BeautifulSoup
官方文档：http://cn.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/user/quickstart.html#id4
简介
BeautifulSoup是一个模块，该模块用于接收一个HTML或XML字符串，然后将其进行格式化，之后遍可以使用他提供的方法进行快速查找指定元素，从而使得在HTML或XML中查找指定元素变得简单。
1 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup 2 3 html_doc = """ 4 <html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head> 5 <body> 6 asdf 7 <div class="title"> 8 <b>The Dormouse's story总共</b> 9 <h1>f</h1> 10 </div> 11 <div class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were 12 <a class="sister0" id="link1">Els<span>f</span>ie</a>, 13 <a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and 14 <a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>; 15 and they lived at the bottom of a well.</div> 16 ad<br/>sf 17 <p class="story">...</p> 18 </body> 19 </html> 20 """ 21 22 soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, features="lxml") 23 # 找到第一个a标签 24 tag1 = soup.find(name='a') 25 # 找到所有的a标签 26 tag2 = soup.find_all(name='a') 27 # 找到id＝link2的标签 28 tag3 = soup.select('#link2')
安装
1 pip3 install beautifulsoup4
使用示例
1 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup 2 3 html_doc = """ 4 <html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head> 5 <body> 6 ... 7 </body> 8 </html> 9 """ 10 11 soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, features="lxml")
1. name，标签名称
1 # tag = soup.find('a') 2 # name = tag.name # 获取 3 # print(name) 4 # tag.name = 'span' # 设置 5 # print(soup)
2. attr，标签属性
1 # tag = soup.find('a') 2 # attrs = tag.attrs # 获取 3 # print(attrs) 4 # tag.attrs = {'ik':123} # 设置 5 # tag.attrs['id'] = 'iiiii' # 设置 6 # print(soup)
3. children,所有子标签
1 # body = soup.find('body') 2 # v = body.children
4. children,所有子子孙孙标签
1 # body = soup.find('body') 2 # v = body.descendants
5. clear,将标签的所有子标签全部清空（保留标签名）
1 # tag = soup.find('body') 2 # tag.clear() 3 # print(soup)
6. decompose,递归的删除所有的标签
1 # body = soup.find('body') 2 # body.decompose() 3 # print(soup)
7. extract,递归的删除所有的标签，并获取删除的标签
1 # body = soup.find('body') 2 # v = body.extract() 3 # print(soup)
8. decode,转换为字符串（含当前标签）；decode_contents（不含当前标签）
1 # body = soup.find('body') 2 # v = body.decode() 3 # v = body.decode_contents() 4 # print(v)
9. encode,转换为字节（含当前标签）；encode_contents（不含当前标签）
1 # body = soup.find('body') 2 # v = body.encode() 3 # v = body.encode_contents() 4 # print(v)
10. find,获取匹配的第一个标签
1 # tag = soup.find('a') 2 # print(tag) 3 # tag = soup.find(name='a', attrs={'class': 'sister'}, recursive=True, text='Lacie') 4 # tag = soup.find(name='a', class_='sister', recursive=True, text='Lacie') 5 # print(tag)
11. find_all,获取匹配的所有标签
1 # tags = soup.find_all('a') 2 # print(tags) 3 4 # tags = soup.find_all('a',limit=1) 5 # print(tags) 6 7 # tags = soup.find_all(name='a', attrs={'class': 'sister'}, recursive=True, text='Lacie') 8 # # tags = soup.find(name='a', class_='sister', recursive=True, text='Lacie') 9 # print(tags) 10 11 12 # ####### 列表 ####### 13 # v = soup.find_all(name=['a','div']) 14 # print(v) 15 16 # v = soup.find_all(class_=['sister0', 'sister']) 17 # print(v) 18 19 # v = soup.find_all(text=['Tillie']) 20 # print(v, type(v[0])) 21 22 23 # v = soup.find_all(id=['link1','link2']) 24 # print(v) 25 26 # v = soup.find_all(href=['link1','link2']) 27 # print(v) 28 29 # ####### 正则 ####### 30 import re 31 # rep = re.compile('p') 32 # rep = re.compile('^p') 33 # v = soup.find_all(name=rep) 34 # print(v) 35 36 # rep = re.compile('sister.*') 37 # v = soup.find_all(class_=rep) 38 # print(v) 39 40 # rep = re.compile('http://www.oldboy.com/static/.*') 41 # v = soup.find_all(href=rep) 42 # print(v) 43 44 # ####### 方法筛选 ####### 45 # def func(tag): 46 # return tag.has_attr('class') and tag.has_attr('id') 47 # v = soup.find_all(name=func) 48 # print(v) 49 50 51 # ## get,获取标签属性 52 # tag = soup.find('a') 53 # v = tag.get('id') 54 # print(v)
12. has_attr,检查标签是否具有该属性
1 # tag = soup.find('a') 2 # v = tag.has_attr('id') 3 # print(v)
13. get_text,获取标签内部文本内容
1 # tag = soup.find('a') 2 # v = tag.get_text('id') 3 # print(v)
14. index,检查标签在某标签中的索引位置
1 # tag = soup.find('body') 2 # v = tag.index(tag.find('div')) 3 # print(v) 4 5 # tag = soup.find('body') 6 # for i,v in enumerate(tag): 7 # print(i,v)
15. is_empty_element,是否是空标签(是否可以是空)或者自闭合标签
判断是否是如下标签：'br' , 'hr', 'input', 'img', 'meta','spacer', 'link', 'frame', 'base'
1 # tag = soup.find('br') 2 # v = tag.is_empty_element 3 # print(v)
16. 当前的关联标签
1 # soup.next 2 # soup.next_element 3 # soup.next_elements 4 # soup.next_sibling 5 # soup.next_siblings 6 7 # 8 # tag.previous 9 # tag.previous_element 10 # tag.previous_elements 11 # tag.previous_sibling 12 # tag.previous_siblings 13 14 # 15 # tag.parent 16 # tag.parents
17. 查找某标签的关联标签
1 # tag.find_next(...) 2 # tag.find_all_next(...) 3 # tag.find_next_sibling(...) 4 # tag.find_next_siblings(...) 5 6 # tag.find_previous(...) 7 # tag.find_all_previous(...) 8 # tag.find_previous_sibling(...) 9 # tag.find_previous_siblings(...) 10 11 # tag.find_parent(...) 12 # tag.find_parents(...) 13 14 # 参数同find_all
18. select,select_one, CSS选择器
1 soup.select("title") 2 3 soup.select("p nth-of-type(3)") 4 5 soup.select("body a") 6 7 soup.select("html head title") 8 9 tag = soup.select("span,a") 10 11 soup.select("head > title") 12 13 soup.select("p > a") 14 15 soup.select("p > a:nth-of-type(2)") 16 17 soup.select("p > #link1") 18 19 soup.select("body > a") 20 21 soup.select("#link1 ~ .sister") 22 23 soup.select("#link1 + .sister") 24 25 soup.select(".sister") 26 27 soup.select("[class~=sister]") 28 29 soup.select("#link1") 30 31 soup.select("a#link2") 32 33 soup.select('a[href]') 34 35 soup.select('a[href="http://example.com/elsie"]') 36 37 soup.select('a[href^="http://example.com/"]') 38 39 soup.select('a[href$="tillie"]') 40 41 soup.select('a[href*=".com/el"]') 42 43 44 from bs4.element import Tag 45 46 def default_candidate_generator(tag): 47 for child in tag.descendants: 48 if not isinstance(child, Tag): 49 continue 50 if not child.has_attr('href'): 51 continue 52 yield child 53 54 tags = soup.find('body').select("a", _candidate_generator=default_candidate_generator) 55 print(type(tags), tags) 56 57 from bs4.element import Tag 58 def default_candidate_generator(tag): 59 for child in tag.descendants: 60 if not isinstance(child, Tag): 61 continue 62 if not child.has_attr('href'): 63 continue 64 yield child 65 66 tags = soup.find('body').select("a", _candidate_generator=default_candidate_generator, limit=1) 67 print(type(tags), tags)
19. 标签的内容
1 # tag = soup.find('span') 2 # print(tag.string) # 获取 3 # tag.string = 'new content' # 设置 4 # print(soup) 5 6 # tag = soup.find('body') 7 # print(tag.string) 8 # tag.string = 'xxx' 9 # print(soup) 10 11 # tag = soup.find('body') 12 # v = tag.stripped_strings # 递归内部获取所有标签的文本 13 # print(v)
20.append在当前标签内部追加一个标签
1 # tag = soup.find('body') 2 # tag.append(soup.find('a')) 3 # print(soup) 4 # 5 # from bs4.element import Tag 6 # obj = Tag(name='i',attrs={'id': 'it'}) 7 # obj.string = '我是一个新来的' 8 # tag = soup.find('body') 9 # tag.append(obj) 10 # print(soup)
21.insert在当前标签内部指定位置插入一个标签
1 # from bs4.element import Tag 2 # obj = Tag(name='i', attrs={'id': 'it'}) 3 # obj.string = '我是一个新来的' 4 # tag = soup.find('body') 5 # tag.insert(2, obj) 6 # print(soup)
22. insert_after,insert_before 在当前标签后面或前面插入
1 # from bs4.element import Tag 2 # obj = Tag(name='i', attrs={'id': 'it'}) 3 # obj.string = '我是一个新来的' 4 # tag = soup.find('body') 5 # # tag.insert_before(obj) 6 # tag.insert_after(obj) 7 # print(soup)
23. replace_with 在当前标签替换为指定标签
1 # from bs4.element import Tag 2 # obj = Tag(name='i', attrs={'id': 'it'}) 3 # obj.string = '我是一个新来的' 4 # tag = soup.find('div') 5 # tag.replace_with(obj) 6 # print(soup)
24. 创建标签之间的关系
1 # tag = soup.find('div') 2 # a = soup.find('a') 3 # tag.setup(previous_sibling=a) 4 # print(tag.previous_sibling)
25. wrap，将指定标签把当前标签包裹起来
1 # from bs4.element import Tag 2 # obj1 = Tag(name='div', attrs={'id': 'it'}) 3 # obj1.string = '我是一个新来的' 4 # 5 # tag = soup.find('a') 6 # v = tag.wrap(obj1) 7 # print(soup) 8 9 # tag = soup.find('a') 10 # v = tag.wrap(soup.find('p')) 11 # print(soup)
26. unwrap，去掉当前标签，将保留其包裹的标签
1 # tag = soup.find('a') 2 # v = tag.unwrap() 3 # print(soup)
"自动登陆"示例
抽屉新热榜
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 import requests 4 5 6 # ############## 方式一 ############## 7 """ 8 # ## 1、首先登陆任何页面，获取cookie 9 i1 = requests.get(url="http://dig.chouti.com/help/service") 10 i1_cookies = i1.cookies.get_dict() 11 12 # ## 2、用户登陆，携带上一次的cookie，后台对cookie中的 gpsd 进行授权 13 i2 = requests.post( 14 url="http://dig.chouti.com/login", 15 data={ 16 'phone': "8615131255089", 17 'password': "xxooxxoo", 18 'oneMonth': "" 19 }, 20 cookies=i1_cookies 21 ) 22 23 # ## 3、点赞（只需要携带已经被授权的gpsd即可） 24 gpsd = i1_cookies['gpsd'] 25 i3 = requests.post( 26 url="http://dig.chouti.com/link/vote?linksId=8589523", 27 cookies={'gpsd': gpsd} 28 ) 29 30 print(i3.text) 31 """ 32 33 34 # ############## 方式二 ############## 35 """ 36 import requests 37 38 session = requests.Session() 39 i1 = session.get(url="http://dig.chouti.com/help/service") 40 i2 = session.post( 41 url="http://dig.chouti.com/login", 42 data={ 43 'phone': "8615131255089", 44 'password': "xxooxxoo", 45 'oneMonth': "" 46 } 47 ) 48 i3 = session.post( 49 url="http://dig.chouti.com/link/vote?linksId=8589523" 50 ) 51 print(i3.text) 52 53 """
github
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 4 import requests 5 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup 6 7 # ############## 方式一 ############## 8 # 9 # # 1. 访问登陆页面，获取 authenticity_token 10 # i1 = requests.get('https://github.com/login') 11 # soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, features='lxml') 12 # tag = soup1.find(name='input', attrs={'name': 'authenticity_token'}) 13 # authenticity_token = tag.get('value') 14 # c1 = i1.cookies.get_dict() 15 # i1.close() 16 # 17 # # 1. 携带authenticity_token和用户名密码等信息，发送用户验证 18 # form_data = { 19 # "authenticity_token": authenticity_token, 20 # "utf8": "", 21 # "commit": "Sign in", 22 # "login": "[email protected]", 23 # 'password': 'xxoo' 24 # } 25 # 26 # i2 = requests.post('https://github.com/session', data=form_data, cookies=c1) 27 # c2 = i2.cookies.get_dict() 28 # c1.update(c2) 29 # i3 = requests.get('https://github.com/settings/repositories', cookies=c1) 30 # 31 # soup3 = BeautifulSoup(i3.text, features='lxml') 32 # list_group = soup3.find(name='div', class_='listgroup') 33 # 34 # from bs4.element import Tag 35 # 36 # for child in list_group.children: 37 # if isinstance(child, Tag): 38 # project_tag = child.find(name='a', class_='mr-1') 39 # size_tag = child.find(name='small') 40 # temp = "项目:%s(%s); 项目路径:%s" % (project_tag.get('href'), size_tag.string, project_tag.string, ) 41 # print(temp) 42 43 44 45 # ############## 方式二 ############## 46 # session = requests.Session() 47 # # 1. 访问登陆页面，获取 authenticity_token 48 # i1 = session.get('https://github.com/login') 49 # soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, features='lxml') 50 # tag = soup1.find(name='input', attrs={'name': 'authenticity_token'}) 51 # authenticity_token = tag.get('value') 52 # c1 = i1.cookies.get_dict() 53 # i1.close() 54 # 55 # # 1. 携带authenticity_token和用户名密码等信息，发送用户验证 56 # form_data = { 57 # "authenticity_token": authenticity_token, 58 # "utf8": "", 59 # "commit": "Sign in", 60 # "login": "[email protected]", 61 # 'password': 'xxoo' 62 # } 63 # 64 # i2 = session.post('https://github.com/session', data=form_data) 65 # c2 = i2.cookies.get_dict() 66 # c1.update(c2) 67 # i3 = session.get('https://github.com/settings/repositories') 68 # 69 # soup3 = BeautifulSoup(i3.text, features='lxml') 70 # list_group = soup3.find(name='div', class_='listgroup') 71 # 72 # from bs4.element import Tag 73 # 74 # for child in list_group.children: 75 # if isinstance(child, Tag): 76 # project_tag = child.find(name='a', class_='mr-1') 77 # size_tag = child.find(name='small') 78 # temp = "项目:%s(%s); 项目路径:%s" % (project_tag.get('href'), size_tag.string, project_tag.string, ) 79 # print(temp)
知乎
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 import time 4 5 import requests 6 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup 7 8 session = requests.Session() 9 10 i1 = session.get( 11 url='https://www.zhihu.com/#signin', 12 headers={ 13 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36', 14 } 15 ) 16 17 soup1 = BeautifulSoup(i1.text, 'lxml') 18 xsrf_tag = soup1.find(name='input', attrs={'name': '_xsrf'}) 19 xsrf = xsrf_tag.get('value') 20 21 current_time = time.time() 22 i2 = session.get( 23 url='https://www.zhihu.com/captcha.gif', 24 params={'r': current_time, 'type': 'login'}, 25 headers={ 26 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36', 27 }) 28 29 with open('zhihu.gif', 'wb') as f: 30 f.write(i2.content) 31 32 captcha = input('请打开zhihu.gif文件，查看并输入验证码：') 33 form_data = { 34 "_xsrf": xsrf, 35 'password': 'xxooxxoo', 36 "captcha": 'captcha', 37 'email': '[email protected]' 38 } 39 i3 = session.post( 40 url='https://www.zhihu.com/login/email', 41 data=form_data, 42 headers={ 43 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36', 44 } 45 ) 46 47 i4 = session.get( 48 url='https://www.zhihu.com/settings/profile', 49 headers={ 50 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36', 51 } 52 ) 53 54 soup4 = BeautifulSoup(i4.text, 'lxml') 55 tag = soup4.find(id='rename-section') 56 nick_name = tag.find('span',class_='name').string 57 print(nick_name)
博客园
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 import re 4 import json 5 import base64 6 7 import rsa 8 import requests 9 10 11 def js_encrypt(text): 12 b64der = 'MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCp0wHYbg/NOPO3nzMD3dndwS0MccuMeXCHgVlGOoYyFwLdS24Im2e7YyhB0wrUsyYf0/nhzCzBK8ZC9eCWqd0aHbdgOQT6CuFQBMjbyGYvlVYU2ZP7kG9Ft6YV6oc9ambuO7nPZh+bvXH0zDKfi02prknrScAKC0XhadTHT3Al0QIDAQAB' 13 der = base64.standard_b64decode(b64der) 14 15 pk = rsa.PublicKey.load_pkcs1_openssl_der(der) 16 v1 = rsa.encrypt(bytes(text, 'utf8'), pk) 17 value = base64.encodebytes(v1).replace(b'\n', b'') 18 value = value.decode('utf8') 19 20 return value 21 22 23 session = requests.Session() 24 25 i1 = session.get('https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin') 26 rep = re.compile("'VerificationToken': '(.*)'") 27 v = re.search(rep, i1.text) 28 verification_token = v.group(1) 29 30 form_data = { 31 'input1': js_encrypt('wptawy'), 32 'input2': js_encrypt('asdfasdf'), 33 'remember': False 34 } 35 36 i2 = session.post(url='https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin', 37 data=json.dumps(form_data), 38 headers={ 39 'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8', 40 'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest', 41 'VerificationToken': verification_token} 42 ) 43 44 i3 = session.get(url='https://i.cnblogs.com/EditDiary.aspx') 45 46 print(i3.text)
拉勾网
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 4 import requests 5 6 7 # 第一步：访问登陆页,拿到X_Anti_Forge_Token，X_Anti_Forge_Code 8 # 1、请求url:https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html 9 # 2、请求方法:GET 10 # 3、请求头: 11 # User-agent 12 r1 = requests.get('https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html', 13 headers={ 14 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36', 15 }, 16 ) 17 18 X_Anti_Forge_Token = re.findall("X_Anti_Forge_Token = '(.*?)'", r1.text, re.S)[0] 19 X_Anti_Forge_Code = re.findall("X_Anti_Forge_Code = '(.*?)'", r1.text, re.S)[0] 20 print(X_Anti_Forge_Token, X_Anti_Forge_Code) 21 # print(r1.cookies.get_dict()) 22 # 第二步：登陆 23 # 1、请求url:https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.json 24 # 2、请求方法:POST 25 # 3、请求头: 26 # cookie 27 # User-agent 28 # Referer:https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html 29 # X-Anit-Forge-Code:53165984 30 # X-Anit-Forge-Token:3b6a2f62-80f0-428b-8efb-ef72fc100d78 31 # X-Requested-With:XMLHttpRequest 32 # 4、请求体： 33 # isValidate:true 34 # username:15131252215 35 # password:ab18d270d7126ea65915c50288c22c0d 36 # request_form_verifyCode:'' 37 # submit:'' 38 r2 = requests.post( 39 'https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.json', 40 headers={ 41 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36', 42 'Referer': 'https://passport.lagou.com/login/login.html', 43 'X-Anit-Forge-Code': X_Anti_Forge_Code, 44 'X-Anit-Forge-Token': X_Anti_Forge_Token, 45 'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest' 46 }, 47 data={ 48 "isValidate": True, 49 'username': '15131255089', 50 'password': 'ab18d270d7126ea65915c50288c22c0d', 51 'request_form_verifyCode': '', 52 'submit': '' 53 }, 54 cookies=r1.cookies.get_dict() 55 ) 56 print(r2.text)