实现LAMP架构

LAMP

 L: linux

A: apache (httpd)

M: mysql, mariadb M:memcached

P: php, perl, python

WEB资源类型:

  静态资源:原始形式与响应内容一致,在客户端浏览器执行

~]#cd /var/www/hmtl
/var/www/html]# vim test.php 
<script type="test/javascript">
documwnt.write(new date());
</script>

  动态资源:原始形式通常为程序文件,需要在服务器端执行之后,将执行 结果返回给客户端

~]#cd /var/www/html
/var/www/html]# vim test.php 
<?php
echo date("Y/m/d H:i:s");
phpinfo();
?>

Web相关语言

  客户端技术: html,javascript

  服务器端技术:php, jsp,python,asp

CGI

CGI:Common Gateway Interface

  可以让一个客户端,从网页浏览器通过http服务器向执行在网络服务器上的程 序传输数据;CGI描述了客户端和服务器程序之间传输的一种标准

请求流程: Client -- (httpd) --> httpd -- (cgi) --> application server (program file) -- (mysql) --> mysql

php: 脚本编程语言、嵌入到html中的嵌入式web程序语言

  基于zend编译成opcode(二进制格式的字节码,重复运行,可省略编译环境)

LAMP工作原理

常见LAMP应用

 PhpMyAdmin是一个以PHP为基础,以Web-Base方式架构在网站主机上的 MySQL的数据库管理工具,让管理者可用Web接口管理MySQL数据库 
 WordPress是一种使用PHP语言开发的博客平台,用户可以在支持PHP和MySQL 数据库的服务器上架设属于自己的网站。也可把 WordPress当作一个内容管理系 统(CMS)来使用
 PHPWind:2003年发布了PHPWind的前身版本ofstar,并发展成为包含BBS、 CMS、博客、SNS等一系列程序的通用型建站软件, 于2008年加入阿里巴巴集团
 Crossday Discuz! Board(简称 Discuz!)是一套通用的社区论坛软件系统。自 2001年6月面世以来,是全球成熟度最高、覆盖率最大的论坛软件系统之一。 2010年8月23日,与腾讯达成收购协议
 ECShop是一款B2C独立网店系统,适合企业及个人快速构建个性化网上商店。 系统是基于PHP语言及MYSQL数据库构架开发的跨平台开源程序。2006年6月, ECShop推出第一个版本1.0

 快速部署LAMP

1)默认centos系统

 ~]# yum install httpd mariadb-server php php-mysql
 ~]# systemctl start httpd
 ~]# systemctl start mariadb
 ~]# mysql -uroot -pcentos -e "grant all on *.* to test@'192.168.130.%' identified by 'centos';"
~]#mysql_secure_installation #设置mysql数据库的root密码

2)下载安装phpzamin

下载:https://www.phpmyadmin.net/downloads/
 ~]#wget https://files.phpmyadmin.net/phpMyAdmin/4.0.10.20/phpMyAdmin-4.0.10.20-all-languages.zip ~]# tar xvf phpMyAdmin-4.0.10.20-all-languages.tar.gz -C /var/www/html/
 ~]# cd /var/www/html/
 ~]# mv phpMyAdmin-4.0.10.20-all-languages/ phpadmin
 ~]#cd phpadmin/
 ~]#cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php
 ~]# yum -y install php-mbstring

3)使用pdo测试php是否已经连接数据库

~]#cd /var/www/html
 ~]# vim test.php
  <?php
  try {
  $user='test';
  $pass='centos';
  $dbh = new PDO('mysql:host=192.168.130.8;dbname=mysql', $user, $pass);
  foreach($dbh->query('SELECT user,host from user') as $row) {
  print_r($row);
  }
  $dbh = null;
  } catch (PDOException $e) {
  print "Error!: " . $e->getMessage() . "<br/>";
  die();
  }
  ?>
 ~]#systemctl restart httpd

4)网站访问http://192.168.130.8/test.php,连接成功即可

wordpress博客搭建

 官网:https://cn.wordpress.org/

搭建好LANM后,下载安装wordpress,更改配置文件

~]#wget https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz
~]#tar xvf wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz  -C /var/www/html/
~]#cd /var/www/html/wordpress/  #进到此目录下找到配置文件并复制一份改名原理同上
~]#cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php
 mysql> create database wpdb;
 mysql> grant all privileges on wpdb.* to wpuser@'%' identified by "centos"; 

~]#vim wp-config.php

捕获

注意wordpress目录权限 Setfacl –R –m u:apache:rwx wordpress

http://192.168.60.4/wordpress #在浏览器上打开界面

 编译安装xcache加速php

官网:http://xcache.lighttpd.net/wiki/ReleaseArchive
 ~]# wget http://xcache.lighttpd.net/pub/Releases/3.2.0/xcache-3.2.0.tar.gz
 ~]#  yum install 'Development tools'
 ~]# yum install php-devel
 ~]#  tar xf xcache-3.2.0.tar.gz 
 ~]#  cd ./xcache-3.2.0/
 ~]# phpize #生成编译环境
~]# ./configure --enable-xcache --with-php-config=/usr/bin/php-config ~]# make && make install #会生成xcache.so文件 ~]# cp xcache-3.2.0/xcache.ini /etc/php.d/ ~]# ll /usr/lib64/php/modules/ total 5844 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 74776 Apr 13 03:04 curl.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2713464 Apr 13 03:04 fileinfo.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 345168 Apr 13 03:04 gd.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 44784 Apr 13 03:04 json.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1305776 Apr 13 03:04 mbstring.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 146096 Apr 13 03:04 mysqli.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 58032 Apr 13 03:04 mysql.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 33256 Apr 13 03:04 pdo_mysql.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 116408 Apr 13 03:04 pdo.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 29240 Apr 13 03:04 pdo_sqlite.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 272112 Apr 13 03:04 phar.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 51472 Apr 13 03:04 sqlite3.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 700928 Jun 24 00:38 xcache.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 58496 Apr 13 03:04 zip.so ~]# cp xcache.ini /etc/php.d/ ~]#systemctl restart httpd

PHP

官网:http://www.php.net/

PHP是通用服务器端脚本编程语言,主要用于web开发实现动态web页面,也是最早实现将脚 本嵌入HTML源码文档中的服务器端脚本语言之一。同时,php还提供了一个命令行接口,因此, 其也可以在大多数系统上作为一个独立的shell来使用。

 fastcgi模式

php配置

php:脚本语言解释器

配置文件:/etc/php.ini, /etc/php.d/*.ini 

配置文件在php解释器启动时被读取

对配置文件的修改生效方法 Modules:重启httpd服务 FastCGI:重启php-fpm服务 

  /etc/php.ini配置文件格式: [foo]:Section Header directive = value

注释符:较新的版本中,已经完全使用;进行注释

#:纯粹的注释信息

;:用于注释可启用的directive
php.ini的核心配置选项文档: http://php.net/manual/zh/ini.core.php

php.ini配置选项列表: http://php.net/manual/zh/ini.list.php
fcgi服务配置文件:/etc/php-fpm.conf, /etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf
连接池:
pm = static|dynamic
static:固定数量的子进程;pm.max_children
dynamic:子进程数量以动态模式管理
pm.max_children
pm.start_servers
pm.min_spare_servers
pm.max_spare_servers
pm.max_requests = 500

确保运行php-fpm进程的用户对session目录有读写权限

mkdir /var/lib/php/session
chown apache.apache /var/lib/php/session

配置httpd,添加/etc/httpd/conf.d/fcgi.conf配置文件

yum安装lamp

~]# yum install php-fpm php-mysql httpd mariadb-server
~]# systemctl start httpd
~]# systemctl start mariadb

 配置数据库账户

mysql> grant all on *.* to test@'192.168.130.%'identified by 'centos';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

测试php-fpm是否连上数据库,提供以下php页面,访问http://192.168.130.8/test.php

~]# cd /var/www/html/
~]# vim test.php 
<?php
try {
 $user='test';
 $pass='centos';
 $dbh = new PDO('mysql:host=192.168.130.8;dbname=mysql', $user, $pass);
 foreach($dbh->query('SELECT user,host from user') as $row) {
 print_r($row);
 }
 $dbh = null;
} catch (PDOException $e) {
 print "Error!: " . $e->getMessage() . "<br/>";
 die();
}
?>

配置apache服务并支持php

~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf #在此配置文件中修改以下内容
DocumentRoot "/data/www"
<Directory "/var/www">
    AllowOverride None
    # Allow open access:
    Require all granted
</Directory>
~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/http.conf
DocumentRoot "/data/www"
<Directory "/var/www">
    AllowOverride None
    # Allow open access:
    Require all granted
</Directory>
~]# systemctl restart httpd
~]# systemctl restart php-fpm

php常见应用discuz(论坛),wordpress(博客)

 ~]# wget http://download.comsenz.com/DiscuzX/3.3/Discuz_X3.3_SC_UTF8.zip
 ~]#unzip Discuz_X3.3_SC_UTF8.zip 
 ~]#cd upload/
~]# cp -ar * /data/www/ ~]# cd /data/www/ ~]# setfacl -R -m u:apache:rwx /data/www/ #授权
在数据库编写完成后执行下面命令,收回权限为保安全 ~]# setfacl -R -b /data/www/

 访问http://192.168.130.8

实现LAMP fastcgi模式多虚拟主机blog和bbs

bbs 目录权限
setfacl -R -m u:apache:rwx /data/www/

~]#vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf
<virtualhost *:80>
servername www.bbs.com #论台
documentroot /data/www 
DirectoryIndex index.php
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/data/www/$1
<directory /data/www>
require all granted #授权
</directory>
</virtualhost>


<virtualhost *:80>
servername www.blog.com #博客
documentroot /var/www/hmtl
DirectoryIndex index.php
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/data/www2/$1
<directory /var/www/html>
require all granted #授权
</directory>
</virtualhost>
~]# apachectl restart

 在浏览器访问 www.bbs.com和www.blog.com

编译安装LAMP

环境:

linux:CentOS7.5

Apache:apr-1.6.3、apr-util-1.6.1、httpd-2.4.33

MariaDB:mariadb-10.2.15

PHP:php-7.1.18

​ 1)检查环境并准备安装包

[root@centos7 src]# yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools"
[root@centos7 src]# yum -y install openssl-devel expat-devel pcre-devel libxml2-devel  bzip2-devel libmcrypt-devel bison-devel boost-devel cmake gnutls-devel libaio-devel libarchive-devel libcurl-devel libevent-devel ncurses-devel  #注意:需要配置epel源
[root@centos7 src]# wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-1.6.3.tar.gz
[root@centos7 src]# wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[root@centos7 src]# wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.33.tar.gz
[root@centos7 src]# wget http://sfo1.mirrors.digitalocean.com/mariadb//mariadb-10.2.15/source/mariadb-10.2.15.tar.gz
[root@centos7 src]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/php/php-7.1.18.tar.gz

​ 2)编译安装Apache,并配置

[root@centos7 src]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin apache #创建系统用户并指明shell类型
[root@centos7 src]# tar xf apr-1.6.3.tar.gz 
[root@centos7 src]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz 
[root@centos7 src]# tar xf httpd-2.4.33.tar.gz 
[root@centos7 src]# cp -a apr-util-1.6.1 httpd-2.4.33/srclib/apr-util
[root@centos7 src]# cp -a apr-1.6.3 httpd-2.4.33/srclib/apr
[root@centos7 src]# cd httpd-2.4.33
[root@centos7 httpd-2.4.33]# ./configure --prefix=/lamp/application/httpd24 \
> --enable-so \
> --enable-ssl \
> --enable-cgi \
> --enable-rewrite \
> --with-zlib \
> --with-pcre  \
> --with-included-apr \
> --enable-modules=most \
> --enable-mpms-shared=all \
> --with-mpm=prefork
[root@centos7 httpd-2.4.33]# make -j 4 && make install
[root@centos7 httpd-2.4.33]# vim /lamp/application/httpd24/conf/httpd.conf  #修改httpd配置文件
ServerName www.example.com:80
User apache
Group apache
LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so  #启用cfgi模块
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so  #启用代理模块
<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.php index.html  #加入index.php
</IfModule>
-----> 插入以下内容 <-----
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPassMatch  ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/lamp/application/httpd24/htdocs/$1  #注意此处路径
[root@centos7 src]# echo 'PATH=/lamp/application/httpd24/bin/:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@centos7 src]# . /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@centos7 src]# apachectl start
[root@centos7 src]# curl 127.0.0.1/index.html
 #看到<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
表示工作正常

​ 3)编译安装MariaDB,并配置

[root@centos7 src]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -d /lamp/data/mysqldb mysql
[root@centos7 src]# mkdir -p /lamp/data/mysqldb
[root@centos7 src]# chown -R mysql.mysql /lamp/data/mysqldb/
[root@centos7 src]# tar xf mariadb-10.2.15.tar.gz 
[root@centos7 mariadb-10.2.15]# cd mariadb-10.2.15/
[root@centos7 mariadb-10.2.15]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/lamp/application/mysql \
> -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/lamp/data/mysqldb/ \
> -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/lamp/data/mysqldb/mysql.sock \
> -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
> -DMYSQL_USER=mysql \
> -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1  \
> -DWITHOUT_MROONGA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_DEBUG=0 \
> -DWITH_READLINE=1 \
> -DWITH_SSL=system \
> -DWITH_ZLIB=system \
> -DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 \
> -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1  \
> -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
> -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
[root@centos7 mariadb-10.2.15]# make -j 4 && make install
[root@centos7 mariadb-10.2.15]# echo 'export PATH=/lamp/application/mysql/bin:$PATH' >/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@centos7 mariadb-10.2.15]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@centos7 mariadb-10.2.15]# cd /lamp/application/mysql/
[root@centos7 mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/lamp/data/mysqldb/ --user=mysql --basedir=/lamp/application/mysql/
[root@centos7 mysql]# cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf。d
[root@centos7 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@centos7 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@centos7 mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@centos7 mysql]# service mysqld start
[root@centos7 mysql]# mysql
Server version: 10.2.15-MariaDB-log Source distribution
MariaDB [(none)]>  #成功连接mysql

​ 4)编译安装php,并配置

[root@centos7 src]# tar xf php-7.1.18.tar.gz 
[root@centos7 src]# cd php-7.1.18/
[root@centos7 php-7.1.18]# ./configure --prefix=/lamp/application/php7 \
> --enable-mysqlnd \
> --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
> --with-openssl \
> --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
> --enable-mbstring  \
> --with-freetype-dir \
> --with-jpeg-dir \
> --with-png-dir \
> --with-zlib \
> --with-libxml-dir=/usr \
> --enable-xml \
> --enable-sockets \
> --enable-fpm  \
> --with-config-file-path=/etc \
> --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d \
> --enable-maintainer-zts \
> --disable-fileinfo
[root@centos7 php-7.1.18]# make -j 4 && make install
[root@centos7 php-7.1.18]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini.d
[root@centos7 php-7.1.18]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@centos7 php-7.1.18]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@centos7 php-7.1.18]# chkconfig --add php-fpm
[root@centos7 php-7.1.18]# chkconfig php-fpm on
[root@centos7 php-7.1.18]# cd /lamp/application/php7/
[root@centos7 php7]# cp etc/php-fpm.conf.default etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@centos7 php7]# cp etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
[root@centos7 php-fpm.d]# vim etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
user = apache
group = apache
[root@centos7 php7]# echo 'PATH=/lamp/application/php7/bin:/lamp/application/php7/sbin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php-fpm.sh
[root@centos7 php7]# . /etc/profile.d/php-fpm.sh
[root@centos7 php7]# service php-fpm start
[root@centos7 php7]# ss -tnl |grep 9000
LISTEN     0      128    127.0.0.1:9000  #9000端口已监听

​ 5)测试lamp

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /lamp/application/httpd24/htdocs/test.php
<?php
$dsn='mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=mysql';
$username='root';
$passwd='';
$dbh=new PDO($dsn,$username,$passwd);
var_dump($dbh);
?>
[root@centos7 ~]# curl 127.0.0.1/test.php
object(PDO)#1 (0) {}  #如果返回PDO则说明成功
[root@centos7 ~]# rm -f /lamp/application/httpd24/htdocs/test.php

用yum install一键安装LAMP

vim yum.sh

#!/bin/bash

# kernel: 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
# linux: CentOS 7.5
# Apache: 2.4.6
# MariaDB: 5.5.56
# PHP: 5.4.16
# xcache: 3.2.0
# Way of working: Modules

check() {
        if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
                echo -e "\e[32mOK!\e[0m"
        else
                echo -e "\e[34mError!\e[0m"
                exit
        fi
}

#install sortware
yum install -y httpd php php-mysql mariadb-server
check

#start service
systemctl start mariadb httpd
check

#make and make install php-xcache
yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools"
check
yum -y install php-devel
check

mkdir /root/src
cd /root/src
wget http://xcache.lighttpd.net/pub/Releases/3.2.0/xcache-3.2.0.tar.gz
check
tar xf xcache-2.0.1.tar.gz
cd xcache-2.0.1/
phpize
./configure --enable-xcache --with-php-config=/usr/bin/php-config
make && make install
cp -n xcache-ini /etc/php.d/
systemctl restart httpd

#output info log
echo -e "\e[32mInstall LAMP Completed!\e[0m"

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