1. ip route 显示主机基本路由信息
~]# ip route
default via 172.25.0.254 dev eth0 proto static metric 1024
172.25.0.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 172.25.0.11
172.25.253.254 via 172.25.0.254 dev eth0 proto static metric 1
2. traceroute / tracepath 追踪远程主机UDP数据包路径
traceroute 默认追踪UDP数据包，选项 -I 可追踪 ICMP的数据包，-T可追踪TCP数据包
~]# tracepath www.baidu.com
1?: [LOCALHOST] pmtu 1500
1: gateway 4.109ms
1: gateway 3.545ms
2: 192.168.0.2 0.320ms
3: 210.206.46.79 6.380ms
4: 10.255.88.241 1.432ms
5: 10.255.33.141 1.131ms
6: 10.255.30.49 4.399ms
7: 10.255.28.173 2.054ms
8: 124.205.98.69 1.810ms
9: 14.197.243.133 1.918ms
10: 14.197.250.170 2.636ms
11: 182.61.253.119 3.439ms
Too many hops: pmtu 1500
Resume: pmtu 1500
3. ss 与netstat功能相当
ss与netstat 选项
-n 显示接口和端口的编号，且不显示名称
-t 显示TCP套接字
-u 显示TCP套接字
-l 仅显示侦听中的套接字
-a 显示所有套接字，包括侦听中和已经建立的
~]# ss -ta
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:https *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:ideafarm-door *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:5901 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:sunrpc *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:6001 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8307 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:domain *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:ssh *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:ipp *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:smtp *:*
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.96.254:ssh 192.168.101.251:53439
LISTEN 0 128 :::https :::*
LISTEN 0 5 :::ideafarm-door :::*
LISTEN 0 5 :::5901 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::sunrpc :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::6001 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:8307 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::ssh :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:ipp :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:smtp :::*