ES6中Promise、async、await面试题

学习过程中遇到的一些基础的Promise、async、await面试题整理。

出题目的:
  • 考察 Promise、async、await 的基础
  • 考察队Event Loop、宏任务、微任务的理解
知识点:
  • JS 执行顺序:单线程,自上而下、先同步后异步、先微任务后宏任务
  • new promise() -> Promise.resolve(),触发then
  • new promise((reject)=>{reject()}) -> promise.reject(),触发catch
  • then 和 catch 内部没有 throw new Error 相当于 resolve
  • async function 相当于返回 Promise.resolve()
  • await 后面的代码都是异步的,微任务;setTimeout是宏任务
  • 初始化Promise时,函数内部代码会被立即执行
代码:

考点1:Promise.resolve、Promise.reject执行顺序

Promise.resolve().then(() => {
    
      // 优先寻找then
		console.log(1);
	}).catch(() => {
    
    
		console.log(2);
	})
	// 1
Promise.reject().then(() => {
    
      // 优先寻找catch
		console.log(1);
	}).catch(() => {
    
    
		console.log(2);
	})
	// 2

考点2:then 和 catch 内部没有 throw new Error() 相当于 resolve

Promise.resolve().then(() => {
    
    
		console.log(1);
	}).catch(() => {
    
    
		console.log(2);
	}).then(() => {
    
    
		console.log(3);
	})
	// 1 3
Promise.reject().then(() => {
    
    
		console.log(1);
	}).catch(() => {
    
    
		console.log(2);
	}).then(() => {
    
    
		console.log(3);
	})
	// 2 3
Promise.reject().then(() => {
    
    
		console.log(1);
	}).catch(() => {
    
    
		console.log(2);
		throw new Error();
	}).then(() => {
    
    
		console.log(3);
	})
	// 2 报错
Promise.reject().then(() => {
    
    
		console.log(1);
	}).catch(() => {
    
    
		console.log(2);
		throw new Error();
	}).then(() => {
    
    
		console.log(3);
	}).catch(() => {
    
    
		console.log(4);
	})
	// 2 4

考点3:async function -> 相当于返回一个 Promise.resolve

const res = async function fn() {
    
    
	return 100;
}
console.log(res());  // 返回一个resolve状态的Promise对象 Promise {<fulfilled>: 100}
res().then(()=>{
    
    
	console.log(0);
}).catch(()=>{
    
    
	console.log(1);
})
// 0

(async function () {
    
    
	const a = fn();
	const b = await fn();
	console.log(a);  // Promise {<fulfilled>: 100}
	console.log(b);  // 100
})()

考点4: await 代码执行顺序

async function fn1() {
    
    
	console.log("fn1 start");
	await fn2();
	console.log("fn1 end");
}
async function fn2() {
    
    
	console.log("fn2 start");
}
console.log("start");
fn1();
console.log("end");
/**
 * 打印顺序:
 * start
 * fn1 start
 * fn2 start
 * end
 * fn1 end
 */
async function fn1() {
    
    
	console.log("fn1 start");
	await fn2();
	console.log("fn1 end");
	await fn3();
	console.log("fn3 end");
}
async function fn2() {
    
    
	console.log("fn2");
}
async function fn3() {
    
    
	console.log("fn3");
}
console.log("start");
fn1();
console.log("end");
/**
 * 打印顺序:
 * start
 * fn1 start
 * fn2
 * end
 * fn1 end
 * fn3
 * fn3 end
 */

考点5:Promise 与 setTimeout 执行顺序

console.log("start");
setTimeout(()=>{
    
    
	console.log("setTimeout")
});
Promise.resolve().then(()=>{
    
    
	console.log("Promise")
})
console.log("end")
/**
 * 打印顺序:
 * start
 * end
 * Promise
 * setTimeout
 */
async function fn1() {
    
    
	console.log("fn1 start");
	await fn2();
	console.log("fn1 end");  // await后面的代码为"微任务代码"
}
async function fn2() {
    
    
	console.log("fn2");
}
console.log("start");
setTimeout(()=>{
    
    
	console.log("setTimeout");  // 宏任务 
});
fn1();
console.log("end");
/**
 * 打印顺序:
 * start
 * fn1 start
 * fn2
 * end
 * fn1 end
 * setTimeout
 */

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转载自blog.csdn.net/ThisEqualThis/article/details/129127236