1.使用示例程序实现单词统计
（1）wordcount程序
wordcount程序在hadoop的share目录下，如下：
[root@linuxidc mapreduce]# pwd
/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce
[root@linuxidc mapreduce]# ls
hadoop-mapreduce-client-app-2.6.5.jar hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient-2.6.5-tests.jar
hadoop-mapreduce-client-common-2.6.5.jar hadoop-mapreduce-client-shuffle-2.6.5.jar
hadoop-mapreduce-client-core-2.6.5.jar hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.6.5.jar
hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs-2.6.5.jar lib
hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs-plugins-2.6.5.jar lib-examples
hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient-2.6.5.jar sources
就是这个hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.6.5.jar程序。
（2）创建HDFS数据目录
创建一个目录，用于保存MapReduce任务的输入文件：
[root@linuxidc ~]# hadoop fs -mkdir -p /data/wordcount
创建一个目录，用于保存MapReduce任务的输出文件：
[root@linuxidc ~]# hadoop fs -mkdir /output
查看刚刚创建的两个目录：
[root@linuxidc ~]# hadoop fs -ls /
drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2017-09-01 20:34 /data
drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2017-09-01 20:35 /output
（3）创建一个单词文件，并上传到HDFS
创建的单词文件如下：
[root@linuxidc ~]# cat myword.txt
linuxidc yyh
yyh xplinuxidc
katy ling
yeyonghao linuxidc
xpleaf katy
上传该文件到HDFS中：
[root@linuxidc ~]# hadoop fs -put myword.txt /data/wordcount
在HDFS中查看刚刚上传的文件及内容：
[root@linuxidc ~]# hadoop fs -ls /data/wordcount
-rw-r--r-- 1 root supergroup 57 2017-09-01 20:40 /data/wordcount/myword.txt
[root@linuxidc ~]# hadoop fs -cat /data/wordcount/myword.txt
linuxidc yyh
yyh xplinuxidc
katy ling
yeyonghao linuxidc
xpleaf katy
（4）运行wordcount程序
执行如下命令：
[root@linuxidc ~]# hadoop jar /usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.6.5.jar wordcount /data/wordcount /output/wordcount
...
17/09/01 20:48:14 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_local1719603087_0001 completed successfully
17/09/01 20:48:14 INFO mapreduce.Job: Counters: 38
File System Counters
FILE: Number of bytes read=585940
FILE: Number of bytes written=1099502
FILE: Number of read operations=0
FILE: Number of large read operations=0
FILE: Number of write operations=0
HDFS: Number of bytes read=114
HDFS: Number of bytes written=48
HDFS: Number of read operations=15
HDFS: Number of large read operations=0
HDFS: Number of write operations=4
Map-Reduce Framework
Map input records=5
Map output records=10
Map output bytes=97
Map output materialized bytes=78
Input split bytes=112
Combine input records=10
Combine output records=6
Reduce input groups=6
Reduce shuffle bytes=78
Reduce input records=6
Reduce output records=6
Spilled Records=12
Shuffled Maps =1
Failed Shuffles=0
Merged Map outputs=1
GC time elapsed (ms)=92
CPU time spent (ms)=0
Physical memory (bytes) snapshot=0
Virtual memory (bytes) snapshot=0
Total committed heap usage (bytes)=241049600
Shuffle Errors
BAD_ID=0
CONNECTION=0
IO_ERROR=0
WRONG_LENGTH=0
WRONG_MAP=0
WRONG_REDUCE=0
File Input Format Counters
Bytes Read=57
File Output Format Counters
Bytes Written=48
（5）查看统计结果
如下：
[root@linuxidc ~]# hadoop fs -cat /output/wordcount/part-r-00000
katy 2
linuxidc 2
ling 1
xplinuxidc 2
yeyonghao 1
yyh 2