Docker 笔记（二）–镜像
记录Docker 安装操作记录，便于查询。
参考
- 链接: Docker 入门到实战教程(三)镜像和容器
- 链接: docker中daemon.json各配置详解
- 链接: docker容器/etc/docker/daemon.json配置文件详解
- 链接: docker官方文档
环境
Centos 7.9
操作
1.查看命令
// 查看全部命令
[root@centos7-18 image]# docker command --help
// 查看某一个命令，例如查看run
[root@centos7-18 image]# docker run --help
2.查询镜像
// 查询nginx命令
[root@centos7-18 image]# docker search nginx
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
nginx Official build of Nginx. 19234 [OK]
unit Official build of NGINX Unit: Universal Web … 17 [OK]
nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles 133
nginx/nginx-ingress NGINX and NGINX Plus Ingress Controllers fo… 86
nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter NGINX Prometheus Exporter for NGINX and NGIN… 33
- Name：源名称
- DESCRIPTION：描述
- STARS：星（点赞）数量
- OFFICIAL：是否官方发布
- AUTOMATED：是否自动构建
3.拉取镜像
// 默认拉取最新版
[root@centos7-18 image]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete
a9edb18cadd1: Pull complete
589b7251471a: Pull complete
186b1aaa4aa6: Pull complete
b4df32aa5a72: Pull complete
a0bcbecc962e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
4.查看镜像
4.1. 查看所有镜像
[root@centos7-18 image]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 605c77e624dd 22 months ago 141MB
redis latest 7614ae9453d1 23 months ago 113MB
- REPOSITORY：表示镜像的仓库源
- TAG：标签
- IMAGE ID：ID
- CREATED：创建时间
- SIZE：大小
4.2. 查看镜像详细信息
[root@centos7-18 image]# docker inspect nginx
[
{
"Id": "sha256:605c77e624ddb75e6110f997c58876baa13f8754486b461117934b24a9dc3a85",
"RepoTags": [
"nginx:latest"
],
"RepoDigests": [
"nginx@sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31"
],
"Parent": "",
"Comment": "",
"Created": "2021-12-29T19:28:29.892199479Z",
"Container": "ca3e48389f7160bc9d9a892d316fcbba459344ee3679998739b1c3cd8e56f7da",
"ContainerConfig": {
"Hostname": "ca3e48389f71",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {
}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"NGINX_VERSION=1.21.5",
"NJS_VERSION=0.7.1",
"PKG_RELEASE=1~bullseye"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"#(nop) ",
"CMD [\"nginx\" \"-g\" \"daemon off;\"]"
],
"Image": "sha256:82941edee2f4d17c55563bb926387c3ae39fa1a99777f088bc9d3db885192209",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": [
"/docker-entrypoint.sh"
],
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <[email protected]>"
},
"StopSignal": "SIGQUIT"
},
"DockerVersion": "20.10.7",
"Author": "",
"Config": {
"Hostname": "",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {
}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"NGINX_VERSION=1.21.5",
"NJS_VERSION=0.7.1",
"PKG_RELEASE=1~bullseye"
],
"Cmd": [
"nginx",
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"Image": "sha256:82941edee2f4d17c55563bb926387c3ae39fa1a99777f088bc9d3db885192209",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": [
"/docker-entrypoint.sh"
],
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <[email protected]>"
},
"StopSignal": "SIGQUIT"
},
"Architecture": "amd64",
"Os": "linux",
"Size": 141479488,
"VirtualSize": 141479488,
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8b0be5030647522bf7b1b39db844d8c650bd8133a00ac05b330879de438c0abb/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/563d515cbd4227114e7adeb014737ce26c3238a9e54135141519c5870470a0e0/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/690c4f6a17cb8cf1aabe042511f57c198281895336138ac474117c60a879cc30/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3de8af079b18dd20b726da9ce7a91836810e1effd694cc39cccfc63925626d2c/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b04d78c79c57a4b680bf3f66c56a33b683fd632182f630835ec67d3a400ff965/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fd8c77083cd9b2c0c9bd36ecf8ade515986d4d9cf536abea70ecb0440fed2907/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fd8c77083cd9b2c0c9bd36ecf8ade515986d4d9cf536abea70ecb0440fed2907/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fd8c77083cd9b2c0c9bd36ecf8ade515986d4d9cf536abea70ecb0440fed2907/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"RootFS": {
"Type": "layers",
"Layers": [
"sha256:2edcec3590a4ec7f40cf0743c15d78fb39d8326bc029073b41ef9727da6c851f",
"sha256:e379e8aedd4d72bb4c529a4ca07a4e4d230b5a1d3f7a61bc80179e8f02421ad8",
"sha256:b8d6e692a25e11b0d32c5c3dd544b71b1085ddc1fddad08e68cbd7fda7f70221",
"sha256:f1db227348d0a5e0b99b15a096d930d1a69db7474a1847acbc31f05e4ef8df8c",
"sha256:32ce5f6a5106cc637d09a98289782edf47c32cb082dc475dd47cbf19a4f866da",
"sha256:d874fd2bc83bb3322b566df739681fbd2248c58d3369cb25908d68e7ed6040a6"
]
},
"Metadata": {
"LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
}
}
]
4.3. 查看镜像中间层
[root@centos7-18 image]# docker images -a
如果不同镜像之间有复用的中间层，这里就会看见一些没有镜像名和标签的镜像，很多镜像依赖这些中间层，所以中间层镜像是不能随意删除的。
4.4. 查看镜像中间层
[root@centos7-18 image]# docker images -a
5.删除镜像
5.1. 删除镜像
// 删除镜像
[root@centos7-18 image]# docker rmi hello-world
// 强制删除镜像
[root@centos7-18 image]# docker rmi -f hello-world
5.2. 删除虚悬镜像
[root@centos7-18 image]# docker image prune
docker images (不加-a)显示的没有名称和标签的镜像叫虚悬镜像，没有实际用途，可以清除。
6.导出镜像
[root@centos7-18 ~]# docker save -o hello-word.tar hello-world
[root@centos7-18 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg hello-word.tar
- -o 参数后面接着输出文件名。
- hello-world是需要导出的镜像名。
7.导入镜像
[root@centos7-18 ~]# docker load -i hello-word.tar
e07ee1baac5f: Loading layer [==================================================>] 14.85kB/14.85kB
Loaded image: hello-world:latest
8.修改镜像名和TAG
[root@centos7-18 ~]# docker tag hello-world:latest hello-world:1.0
[root@centos7-18 ~]# docker tag hello-world:latest hello-demo:1.0
[root@centos7-18 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 605c77e624dd 22 months ago 141MB
redis latest 7614ae9453d1 23 months ago 113MB
hello-demo 1.0 feb5d9fea6a5 2 years ago 13.3kB
hello-world 1.0 feb5d9fea6a5 2 years ago 13.3kB
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 2 years ago 13.3kB
9.镜像存储位置
9.1. 存储位置
- linux保存在“/var/lib/docker/”；
- windows保存在“C:\ProgramData\DockerDesktop”
- Mac保存在“com.docker.docker/Data/vms/0/”
9.2. 修改位置
修改镜像存储与运行加载目录
[root@centos7-18 ~]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"data-root": "/data/var/lib/docker",
}
[root@centos7-18 docker]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@centos7-18 docker]# systemctl restart docker