[源码分析] 性能压测工具-webbench
second60 20180609
1. webbench简介
今天和大家介绍一个网站压测性能测试工具，名字叫webbench。
a) 可测试相同硬件，不同服务的性能及不同硬件上同一个服务的运行状况。
b) 可以向我们展示服务器：每秒钟相应的请求数和每秒钟传输数据量。
c) 可以模拟3万个并发连接去测试网站的负载能力。
同时，webbench的代码非常精简，源代码只有六百多行代码，C语言编写。适合学习和分析。学习后，可修改成其他的性能测试工具。
下载网址：http://home.tiscali.cz/~cz210552/webbench.html
2. webbench使用介绍
安装好webbench后，可以查看说明： ./webbench -h
[root@VM_0_9_centos webbench-1.5]# ./webbench webbench [option]... URL -f|--force Don't wait for reply from server. -r|--reload Send reload request - Pragma: no-cache. -t|--time <sec> Run benchmark for <sec> seconds. Default 30. -p|--proxy <server:port> Use proxy server for request. -c|--clients <n> Run <n> HTTP clients at once. Default one. -9|--http09 Use HTTP/0.9 style requests. -1|--http10 Use HTTP/1.0 protocol. -2|--http11 Use HTTP/1.1 protocol. --get Use GET request method. --head Use HEAD request method. --options Use OPTIONS request method. --trace Use TRACE request method. -?|-h|--help This information. -V|--version Display program version.
参数介绍：
-f :不等待服务器数据返回
-r :发送重新加载请求
-t <sec> : 运行总时长,默认30秒
-p <sever:port> : 设计代码服务器
-c <clients> : 设置运行多少个客户端进程
-9/-1/-2: HTTP协议版本
--get : get请求
--head: head 请求
--options: options 请求
--trace: trace请求
-?|-h|--help: 帮助信息
-V|--version: 版本信息
例子：
1. 定时十秒，开启一百个客户端进程请求www.baidu.com
./webbench -t 10 -c 100 http://www.baidu.com/
3. webbench 流程介绍
1. 解析命令行参数，并初始化变量。
2. 构造HTTP请求
3. 选测试一个连接是否正常
4. 创建管道：主管理用来读，子管理用来写数据
5. 根据客户端数创建子进程
6. 每个子进程单独测试，并在定时器到了后，往管道写入自已测试数据
7. 主程进收到子进程数据后进行统计
8. 最后，主进程收到所有子进程数据后，结束并打印统计数据
4. webbench源码分析
socket.c 文件
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
// socket创建连接函数
int Socket(const char *host, int clientPort)
{
int sock;
unsigned long inaddr;
struct sockaddr_in ad;
struct hostent *hp;
memset(&ad, 0, sizeof(ad));
ad.sin_family = AF_INET;
inaddr = inet_addr(host);
if (inaddr != INADDR_NONE)
memcpy(&ad.sin_addr, &inaddr, sizeof(inaddr));
else
{
hp = gethostbyname(host);
if (hp == NULL)
return -1;
memcpy(&ad.sin_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);
}
ad.sin_port = htons(clientPort);
sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sock < 0)
return sock;
if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&ad, sizeof(ad)) < 0)
return -1;
return sock;
}
webbench.c 文件
#include "socket.c"
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <rpc/types.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <signal.h>
/* values */
// 定时器超时时间
volatile int timerexpired=0;
// 统计信息
int speed=0;
int failed=0;
int bytes=0;
/* globals */
// http版本
int http10=1; /* 0 - http/0.9, 1 - http/1.0, 2 - http/1.1 */
/* Allow: GET, HEAD, OPTIONS, TRACE */
// http请求方法
#define METHOD_GET 0
#define METHOD_HEAD 1
#define METHOD_OPTIONS 2
#define METHOD_TRACE 3
#define PROGRAM_VERSION "1.5"
// 参数
int method=METHOD_GET;
int clients=1;
int force=0;
int force_reload=0;
int proxyport=80;
char *proxyhost=NULL;
int benchtime=30;
/* internal */
// 管道
int mypipe[2];
char host[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
#define REQUEST_SIZE 2048
char request[REQUEST_SIZE];
// 定义所有可以传入的参数
static const struct option long_options[]=
{
{"force",no_argument,&force,1},
{"reload",no_argument,&force_reload,1},
{"time",required_argument,NULL,'t'},
{"help",no_argument,NULL,'?'},
{"http09",no_argument,NULL,'9'},
{"http10",no_argument,NULL,'1'},
{"http11",no_argument,NULL,'2'},
{"get",no_argument,&method,METHOD_GET},
{"head",no_argument,&method,METHOD_HEAD},
{"options",no_argument,&method,METHOD_OPTIONS},
{"trace",no_argument,&method,METHOD_TRACE},
{"version",no_argument,NULL,'V'},
{"proxy",required_argument,NULL,'p'},
{"clients",required_argument,NULL,'c'},
{NULL,0,NULL,0}
};
/* prototypes */
static void benchcore(const char* host,const int port, const char *request);
static int bench(void);
static void build_request(const char *url);
// 信号超时函数
static void alarm_handler(int signal)
{
timerexpired=1;
}
// 帮助函数
static void usage(void)
{
fprintf(stderr,
"webbench [option]... URL\n"
" -f|--force Don't wait for reply from server.\n"
" -r|--reload Send reload request - Pragma: no-cache.\n"
" -t|--time <sec> Run benchmark for <sec> seconds. Default 30.\n"
" -p|--proxy <server:port> Use proxy server for request.\n"
" -c|--clients <n> Run <n> HTTP clients at once. Default one.\n"
" -9|--http09 Use HTTP/0.9 style requests.\n"
" -1|--http10 Use HTTP/1.0 protocol.\n"
" -2|--http11 Use HTTP/1.1 protocol.\n"
" --get Use GET request method.\n"
" --head Use HEAD request method.\n"
" --options Use OPTIONS request method.\n"
" --trace Use TRACE request method.\n"
" -?|-h|--help This information.\n"
" -V|--version Display program version.\n"
);
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int opt=0;
int options_index=0;
char *tmp=NULL;
if(argc==1)
{
usage();
return 2;
}
// 读取命令行参数
while((opt=getopt_long(argc,argv,"912Vfrt:p:c:?h",long_options,&options_index))!=EOF )
{
switch(opt)
{
case 0 : break;
case 'f': force=1;break;
case 'r': force_reload=1;break;
case '9': http10=0;break;
case '1': http10=1;break;
case '2': http10=2;break;
case 'V': printf(PROGRAM_VERSION"\n");exit(0);
case 't': benchtime=atoi(optarg);break;
case 'p':
/* proxy server parsing server:port */
tmp=strrchr(optarg,':');
proxyhost=optarg;
if(tmp==NULL)
{
break;
}
if(tmp==optarg)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s: Missing hostname.\n",optarg);
return 2;
}
if(tmp==optarg+strlen(optarg)-1)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s Port number is missing.\n",optarg);
return 2;
}
*tmp='\0';
proxyport=atoi(tmp+1);break;
case ':':
case 'h':
case '?': usage();return 2;break;
case 'c': clients=atoi(optarg);break;
}
}
if(optind==argc) {
fprintf(stderr,"webbench: Missing URL!\n");
usage();
return 2;
}
if(clients==0) clients=1;
if(benchtime==0) benchtime=60;
/* Copyright */
fprintf(stderr,"Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark "PROGRAM_VERSION"\n"
"Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.\n"
);
build_request(argv[optind]);
/* print bench info */
printf("\nBenchmarking: ");
switch(method)
{
case METHOD_GET:
default:
printf("GET");break;
case METHOD_OPTIONS:
printf("OPTIONS");break;
case METHOD_HEAD:
printf("HEAD");break;
case METHOD_TRACE:
printf("TRACE");break;
}
printf(" %s",argv[optind]);
switch(http10)
{
case 0: printf(" (using HTTP/0.9)");break;
case 2: printf(" (using HTTP/1.1)");break;
}
printf("\n");
if(clients==1) printf("1 client");
else
printf("%d clients",clients);
printf(", running %d sec", benchtime);
if(force) printf(", early socket close");
if(proxyhost!=NULL) printf(", via proxy server %s:%d",proxyhost,proxyport);
if(force_reload) printf(", forcing reload");
printf(".\n");
// 压力测试
return bench();
}
// 2.构造HTTP请求
void build_request(const char *url)
{
char tmp[10];
int i;
bzero(host,MAXHOSTNAMELEN);
bzero(request,REQUEST_SIZE);
if(force_reload && proxyhost!=NULL && http10<1) http10=1;
if(method==METHOD_HEAD && http10<1) http10=1;
if(method==METHOD_OPTIONS && http10<2) http10=2;
if(method==METHOD_TRACE && http10<2) http10=2;
switch(method)
{
default:
case METHOD_GET: strcpy(request,"GET");break;
case METHOD_HEAD: strcpy(request,"HEAD");break;
case METHOD_OPTIONS: strcpy(request,"OPTIONS");break;
case METHOD_TRACE: strcpy(request,"TRACE");break;
}
strcat(request," ");
if(NULL==strstr(url,"://"))
{
fprintf(stderr, "\n%s: is not a valid URL.\n",url);
exit(2);
}
if(strlen(url)>1500)
{
fprintf(stderr,"URL is too long.\n");
exit(2);
}
if(proxyhost==NULL)
if (0!=strncasecmp("http://",url,7))
{
fprintf(stderr,"\nOnly HTTP protocol is directly supported, set --proxy for others.\n");
exit(2);
}
/* protocol/host delimiter */
i=strstr(url,"://")-url+3;
/* printf("%d\n",i); */
if(strchr(url+i,'/')==NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,"\nInvalid URL syntax - hostname don't ends with '/'.\n");
exit(2);
}
if(proxyhost==NULL)
{
/* get port from hostname */
if(index(url+i,':')!=NULL &&
index(url+i,':')<index(url+i,'/'))
{
strncpy(host,url+i,strchr(url+i,':')-url-i);
bzero(tmp,10);
strncpy(tmp,index(url+i,':')+1,strchr(url+i,'/')-index(url+i,':')-1);
/* printf("tmp=%s\n",tmp); */
proxyport=atoi(tmp);
if(proxyport==0) proxyport=80;
} else
{
strncpy(host,url+i,strcspn(url+i,"/"));
}
// printf("Host=%s\n",host);
strcat(request+strlen(request),url+i+strcspn(url+i,"/"));
} else
{
// printf("ProxyHost=%s\nProxyPort=%d\n",proxyhost,proxyport);
strcat(request,url);
}
if(http10==1)
strcat(request," HTTP/1.0");
else if (http10==2)
strcat(request," HTTP/1.1");
strcat(request,"\r\n");
if(http10>0)
strcat(request,"User-Agent: WebBench "PROGRAM_VERSION"\r\n");
if(proxyhost==NULL && http10>0)
{
strcat(request,"Host: ");
strcat(request,host);
strcat(request,"\r\n");
}
if(force_reload && proxyhost!=NULL)
{
strcat(request,"Pragma: no-cache\r\n");
}
if(http10>1)
strcat(request,"Connection: close\r\n");
/* add empty line at end */
if(http10>0) strcat(request,"\r\n");
// printf("Req=%s\n",request);
}
/* vraci system rc error kod */
static int bench(void)
{
int i,j,k;
pid_t pid=0;
FILE *f;
/* check avaibility of target server */
// 先测试一次连接是否正常
i=Socket(proxyhost==NULL?host:proxyhost,proxyport);
if(i<0) {
fprintf(stderr,"\nConnect to server failed. Aborting benchmark.\n");
return 1;
}
close(i);
/* create pipe */
// 在主程进程里创建管道
// 目的是为了读取子进程发送的数据
if(pipe(mypipe))
{
perror("pipe failed.");
return 3;
}
/* not needed, since we have alarm() in childrens */
/* wait 4 next system clock tick */
/*
cas=time(NULL);
while(time(NULL)==cas)
sched_yield();
*/
/* fork childs */
// 创建多个进程
for(i=0;i<clients;i++)
{
pid=fork();
// 如果创建进程失败或为子进程
// 休眠1秒
// 目的是让主进程继续创建进程
if(pid <= (pid_t) 0)
{
/* child process or error*/
sleep(1); /* make childs faster */
break;
}
}
// 上面循环如如创进程失败
// 则这里进行处理
if( pid< (pid_t) 0)
{
fprintf(stderr,"problems forking worker no. %d\n",i);
perror("fork failed.");
return 3;
}
// 子进程逻辑
if(pid== (pid_t) 0)
{
/* I am a child */
if(proxyhost==NULL)
benchcore(host,proxyport,request);
else
benchcore(proxyhost,proxyport,request);
/* write results to pipe */
// 打开写管理
// 写子进程数据到管理中
f=fdopen(mypipe[1],"w");
if(f==NULL)
{
perror("open pipe for writing failed.");
return 3;
}
/* fprintf(stderr,"Child - %d %d\n",speed,failed); */
// 发送给主进程的数据： speed, failed, bytes
fprintf(f,"%d %d %d\n",speed,failed,bytes);
fclose(f);
return 0;
}
else
{
// 主进程逻辑
// 主进程读取管理中子进程发送的数据
// 对所有子进程数据进行统计
f=fdopen(mypipe[0],"r");
if(f==NULL)
{
perror("open pipe for reading failed.");
return 3;
}
setvbuf(f,NULL,_IONBF,0);
speed=0;
failed=0;
bytes=0;
while(1)
{
// 读取数据
// 格式：speed failed bytes
pid=fscanf(f,"%d %d %d",&i,&j,&k);
if(pid<2)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Some of our childrens died.\n");
break;
}
// 统计所有子进程发来的数据
speed+=i;
failed+=j;
bytes+=k;
/* fprintf(stderr,"*Knock* %d %d read=%d\n",speed,failed,pid); */
// 如果所有子进程数据读取完毕就结束
if(--clients==0) break;
}
// 关闭读管道
fclose(f);
// 打印出统计的内容
printf("\nSpeed=%d pages/min, %d bytes/sec.\nRequests: %d susceed, %d failed.\n",
(int)((speed+failed)/(benchtime/60.0f)),
(int)(bytes/(float)benchtime),
speed,
failed);
}
return i;
}
// 单个客户端请求统计
void benchcore(const char *host,const int port,const char *req)
{
int rlen;
char buf[1500];
int s,i;
struct sigaction sa;
/* setup alarm signal handler */
// 设置超时定时器
sa.sa_handler=alarm_handler;
sa.sa_flags=0;
if(sigaction(SIGALRM,&sa,NULL))
exit(3);
alarm(benchtime);
rlen=strlen(req);
nexttry:
while(1)
{
// 超时退出
if(timerexpired)
{
// 此次试探不算失败
if(failed > 0)
{
/* fprintf(stderr,"Correcting failed by signal\n"); */
failed--;
}
return;
}
// 打开socket请求数据
s=Socket(host,port);
// 打开失败
if(s<0) { failed++;continue;}
// 发送请求失败
// failed++
// 关闭套接字
if(rlen!=write(s,req,rlen)) {failed++;close(s);continue;}
// GET
if(http10==0)
if(shutdown(s,1)) { failed++;close(s);continue;}
// 不强制读取服务器回复
// -f 不读取服务器回复
if(force == 0)
{
/* read all available data from socket */
// 循环读取数据
while(1)
{
// 超时退出
if(timerexpired) break;
// 单次读到1500字节
i=read(s,buf,1500);
/* fprintf(stderr,"%d\n",i); */
// 读取失败
// 关闭并重试
if(i < 0)
{
failed++;
close(s);
goto nexttry;
}
else
{
// 对端关闭退出
if(i==0)
break;
// 读取成功，统计
else
bytes+=i;
}
}
}
// 关闭此次请求
if(close(s)) {failed++;continue;}
speed++;
}
}
5. 总结
webbench 是一个C语言编写的http性能压测试工具，代码非常简结，本人也追求代码的简洁之道。有人统计进，一千行代码中，大概有50- 500个BUG。所以代码精简，不但易于阅读，还能使程序出问题的概率降低。
通过webbench代码的学习，里面包含了：参数设置，进程，管道通信，信号，socket，http知识等。是一个很好的源码学习工具。