Linux 调试 (objdump/strace/strings)

1. Linux 调试 (objdump/strace/strings)

1.1. 查看系统 glibc 版本号

1. 第一种
# ldd --version
ldd (Ubuntu GLIBC 2.27-3ubuntu1) 2.27
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Written by Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.
 
2. 第二种
# ls -alh /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Apr 17  2018 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 -> libc-2.27.so
注意：libc-2.27.so ：版本号即 2.27
 
# strings /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.27.so |grep -in5 version
 
GNU C Library (Ubuntu GLIBC 2.27-3ubuntu1) stable release version 2.27.
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.
There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 
3. 第三种
//glibc_version.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <gnu/libc-version.h>
int main(void)
{
    
    
  printf("glic_version = %s\n",gnu_get_libc_version());
  return 0;
}
# gcc glibc_version.c
# ./a.out
glic_version = 2.27

1.2. 查看 so/bin 中的依赖

# objdump
Usage: objdump <option(s)> <file(s)>
 Display information from object <file(s)>.
 At least one of the following switches must be given:
  -a, --archive-headers    Display archive header information
  -f, --file-headers       Display the contents of the overall file header
  -p, --private-headers    Display object format specific file header contents
  -P, --private=OPT,OPT... Display object format specific contents
  -h, --[section-]headers  Display the contents of the section headers
  -x, --all-headers        Display the contents of all headers
  -d, --disassemble        Display assembler contents of executable sections
  -D, --disassemble-all    Display assembler contents of all sections
  -S, --source             Intermix source code with disassembly
  -s, --full-contents      Display the full contents of all sections requested
  -g, --debugging          Display debug information in object file
  -e, --debugging-tags     Display debug information using ctags style
  -G, --stabs              Display (in raw form) any STABS info in the file
  -W[lLiaprmfFsoRtUuTgAckK] or
  --dwarf[=rawline,=decodedline,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,
          =frames-interp,=str,=loc,=Ranges,=pubtypes,
          =gdb_index,=trace_info,=trace_abbrev,=trace_aranges,
          =addr,=cu_index,=links,=follow-links]
                           Display DWARF info in the file
  -t, --syms               Display the contents of the symbol table(s)
  -T, --dynamic-syms       Display the contents of the dynamic symbol table
  -r, --reloc              Display the relocation entries in the file
  -R, --dynamic-reloc      Display the dynamic relocation entries in the file
  @<file>                  Read options from <file>
  -v, --version            Display this program's version number
  -i, --info               List object formats and architectures supported
  -H, --help               Display this information
 
# objdump -x test| grep NEED

1.3. 调试 bin 报错原因

#  strace -h
usage: strace [-CdffhiqrtttTvVwxxy] [-I n] [-e expr]...
              [-a column] [-o file] [-s strsize] [-P path]...
              -p pid... / [-D] [-E var=val]... [-u username] PROG [ARGS]
   or: strace -c[dfw] [-I n] [-e expr]... [-O overhead] [-S sortby]
              -p pid... / [-D] [-E var=val]... [-u username] PROG [ARGS]
 
Output format:
  -a column      alignment COLUMN for printing syscall results (default 40)
  -i             print instruction pointer at time of syscall
  -k             obtain stack trace between each syscall (experimental)
  -o file        send trace output to FILE instead of stderr
  -q             suppress messages about attaching, detaching, etc.
  -r             print relative timestamp
  -s strsize     limit length of print strings to STRSIZE chars (default 32)
  -t             print absolute timestamp
  -tt            print absolute timestamp with usecs
  -T             print time spent in each syscall
  -x             print non-ascii strings in hex
  -xx            print all strings in hex
  -y             print paths associated with file descriptor arguments
  -yy            print protocol specific information associated with socket file descriptors
 
Statistics:
  -c             count time, calls, and errors for each syscall and report summary
  -C             like -c but also print regular output
  -O overhead    set overhead for tracing syscalls to OVERHEAD usecs
  -S sortby      sort syscall counts by: time, calls, name, nothing (default time)
  -w             summarise syscall latency (default is system time)
 
Filtering:
  -e expr        a qualifying expression: option=[!]all or option=[!]val1[,val2]...
     options:    trace, abbrev, verbose, raw, signal, read, write, fault
  -P path        trace accesses to path
 
Tracing:
  -b execve      detach on execve syscall
  -D             run tracer process as a detached grandchild, not as parent
  -f             follow forks
  -ff            follow forks with output into separate files
  -I interruptible
     1:          no signals are blocked
     2:          fatal signals are blocked while decoding syscall (default)
     3:          fatal signals are always blocked (default if '-o FILE PROG')
     4:          fatal signals and SIGTSTP (^Z) are always blocked
                 (useful to make 'strace -o FILE PROG' not stop on ^Z)
 
Startup:
  -E var         remove var from the environment for command
  -E var=val     put var=val in the environment for command
  -p pid         trace process with process id PID, may be repeated
  -u username    run command as username handling setuid and/or setgid
 
Miscellaneous:
  -d             enable debug output to stderr
  -v             verbose mode: print unabbreviated argv, stat, termios, etc. args
  -h             print help message
  -V             print version
 
# strace -f ./test    

1.4. 查看 so/bin 中字符串

# strings -h
Usage: strings [option(s)] [file(s)]
 Display printable strings in [file(s)] (stdin by default)
 The options are:
  -a - --all                Scan the entire file, not just the data section [default]
  -d --data                 Only scan the data sections in the file
  -f --print-file-name      Print the name of the file before each string
  -n --bytes=[number]       Locate & print any NUL-terminated sequence of at
  -<number>                   least [number] characters (default 4).
  -t --radix={
    
    o,d,x}        Print the location of the string in base 8, 10 or 16
  -w --include-all-whitespace Include all whitespace as valid string characters
  -o                        An alias for --radix=o
  -T --target=<BFDNAME>     Specify the binary file format
  -e --encoding={
    
    s,S,b,l,B,L} Select character size and endianness:
                            s = 7-bit, S = 8-bit, {
    
    b,l} = 16-bit, {
    
    B,L} = 32-bit
  -s --output-separator=<string> String used to separate strings in output.
  @<file>                   Read options from <file>
  -h --help                 Display this information
  -v -V --version           Print the program's version number
strings: supported targets: elf64-x86-64 elf32-i386 elf32-iamcu elf32-x86-64 a.out-i386-linux pei-i386 pei-x86-64 elf64-l1om elf64-k1om elf64-little elf64-big elf32-little elf32-big pe-x86-64 pe-bigobj-x86-64 pe-i386 plugin srec symbolsrec verilog tekhex binary ihex
Report bugs to <http://www.sourceware.org/bugzilla/>
 
# stirngs -a test.so |grep conf --color