作者 | JiekeXu
来源 |公众号 JiekeXu DBA之路（ID: JiekeXu_IT）
如需转载请联系授权 | (个人微信 ID：JiekeXu_DBA)
大家好，我是 JiekeXu,很高兴又和大家见面了,今天和大家一起来看看关机重启导致 ASM 磁盘丢失数据库无法启动，欢迎点击上方蓝字“JiekeXu DBA之路”关注我的公众号，标星或置顶，更多干货第一时间到达!
问题现象
事情是这样的，各位看官且看之，中秋国庆期间测试机房由于线路变更需要断电，故需要关掉所以测试机器，等待变更完成后，测试环境的 RAC 有一个节点数据库启动不了，检查发现节点 2 的 ARCH 磁盘没有正常挂载。
登录到 ASM 实例，查看 ASM 磁盘及路径发现归档盘 ARCH 没挂载，磁盘路径为 ‘/dev/sde’。
su - grid
sqlplus / as sysasm
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.15.0.0.0
SQL> set lin 1000 pagesize 999
col PATH for a30
col NAME for a15
col FAILGROUP for a15
select GROUP_NUMBER,DISK_NUMBER,OS_MB/1024,TOTAL_MB/1024,FREE_MB/1024,NAME,FAILGROUP,PATH,FAILGROUP_TYPE,header_status,state from v$asm_disk order by 1;
select GROUP_NUMBER,NAME,STATE,TYPE,TOTAL_MB/1024,FREE_MB/1024,USABLE_FILE_MB/1024,REQUIRED_MIRROR_FREE_MB,HOT_USED_MB,COLD_USED_MB/1024 from v$asm_diskgroup;
SQL> SQL> SQL>
GROUP_NUMBER DISK_NUMBER OS_MB/1024 TOTAL_MB/1024 FREE_MB/1024 NAME FAILGROUP PATH FAILGRO HEADER_STATU STATE
------------ ----------- ---------- ------------- ------------ --------------- --------------- ------------------------------ ------- ------------ --------
0 0 100 0 0 /dev/sde REGULAR MEMBER NORMAL
2 2 200 200 5.91796875 DATA_0002 DATA_0002 /dev/sdi REGULAR MEMBER NORMAL
2 0 200 200 5.8828125 DATA_0000 DATA_0000 /dev/sdc REGULAR MEMBER NORMAL
2 1 200 200 5.81640625 DATA_0001 DATA_0001 /dev/sdd REGULAR MEMBER NORMAL
3 0 3 3 2.6640625 OCR_0000 OCR_0000 /dev/sdf REGULAR MEMBER NORMAL
3 1 3 3 2.66015625 OCR_0001 OCR_0001 /dev/sdg REGULAR MEMBER NORMAL
3 2 3 3 2.66015625 OCR_0002 OCR_0002 /dev/sdh REGULAR MEMBER NORMAL
7 rows selected.
SQL>
GROUP_NUMBER NAME STATE TYPE TOTAL_MB/1024 FREE_MB/1024 USABLE_FILE_MB/1024 REQUIRED_MIRROR_FREE_MB HOT_USED_MB COLD_USED_MB/1024
------------ --------------- ----------- ------ ------------- ------------ ------------------- ----------------------- ----------- -----------------
0 ARCH DISMOUNTED 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 DATA MOUNTED EXTERN 600 17.6171875 17.6171875 0 0 582.382813
3 OCR MOUNTED NORMAL 9 7.984375 2.4921875 3072 0 1.015625
然后通过操作系统层 lsblk 命令查看 /dev/sde 大小 100G，然后通过 ASM 命令挂载 ARCH 磁盘却不成功，报错丢失磁盘。
[root@jiekexu2 dev]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
|-sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
`-sda2 8:2 0 199G 0 part
|-rootvg-lvroot 253:0 0 191.1G 0 lvm /
`-rootvg-lvswap 253:1 0 15.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 8G 0 disk
`-rootvg-lvswap 253:1 0 15.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 0 200G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 200G 0 disk
sde 8:64 0 100G 0 disk
sdf 8:80 0 3G 0 disk
sdg 8:96 0 3G 0 disk
sdh 8:112 0 3G 0 disk
sdi 8:128 0 200G 0 disk
sdj 8:144 0 100G 0 disk
sdk 8:160 0 200G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
jiekexu2:/home/grid(+ASM2)$ asmcmd
ASMCMD> mount ARCH
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15040: diskgroup is incomplete
ORA-15042: ASM disk "1" is missing from group number "1" (DBD ERROR: OCIStmtExecute)
ASMCMD> exit下面我们通过 ASM 实例的 alter 日志，确实看到 ARCH 盘有两块磁盘，一块是 （/dev/sde），另一块则为空（）看不到。那么我们来看看节点 1 的 ARCH 磁盘及相关权限吧。
节点 1/2 权限对比
通过节点 1 发现 ARCH 磁盘组有两块磁盘（/dev/sde）和（/dev/sdj）,属组则为 grid:asmadmin，但是节点 2 （/dev/sde）权限属组正常，（/dev/sdj）属组为 root:disk，这显然是有问题的，正因为这里的属组权限不对，上面最开始查看磁盘 ARCH 盘时仅显示一块（/dev/sde）。
解决问题
下面检查一下 udev 配置文件是否出现问题（这里使用的是 CRT 用 more 打开的，没有发现最后一行 “OWNER=” 后面出现了换行，然后就继续下一步操作了），然后我们修改（/dev/sdj）属组为 grid:asmadmin，并重新触发 udev 规则，然后再尝试去挂载磁盘组。
jiekexu2:/home/grid(+ASM2)$ more /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdisks.rules
KERNEL=="sd*", ACTION=="add|change", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$name", RESULT=="36000c29bd4635c80a3011779bc1a7f99", SYMLINK+="asmdisks/asmdiskb", OWNER=
"grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", ACTION=="add|change", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$name", RESULT=="36000c2947f3b25a26a2bd31496cd2f59", SYMLINK+="asmdisks/asmdiskc", OWNER=
"grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", ACTION=="add|change", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$name", RESULT=="36000c29ad3307c8874aaeb6b5c83f2f8", SYMLINK+="asmdisks/asmdiskd", OWNER=
"grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", ACTION=="add|change", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$name", RESULT=="36000c29756eabbaea24471e77a46d1bf", SYMLINK+="asmdisks/asmdiske", OWNER=
"grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", ACTION=="add|change", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$name", RESULT=="36000c296f7ef4f660d24ecdc32fd5216", SYMLINK+="asmdisks/asmdiskf", OWNER=
"grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", ACTION=="add|change", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$name", RESULT=="36000c29ef6de29e246eec5d21ae13f74", SYMLINK+="asmdisks/asmdiskg", OWNER=
"grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", ACTION=="add|change", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$name", RESULT=="36000c2995925bb888b965036ad9d9807", SYMLINK+="asmdisks/asmdiski", OWNER=
"grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", ACTION=="add|change", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$name", RESULT=="36000c294342f0d7dd282c4a632d82c47", SYMLINK+="asmdisks/asmdiskj", OWNER=
"grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
jiekexu2:/home/grid(+ASM2)$ ll /dev/sde
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 64 Oct 1 09:46 /dev/sde
jiekexu2:/home/grid(+ASM2)$ ll /dev/sdj
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 144 Oct 1 09:19 /dev/sdj
jiekexu2:/home/grid(+ASM2)$ exit
logout
[root@jiekexu2 ~]# udevadm control --reload-rules
[root@jiekexu2 ~]# ll /dev/sdj
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 144 Oct 1 09:19 /dev/sdj
[root@jiekexu2 ~]# ll /dev/sde
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 64 Oct 1 09:46 /dev/sde
[root@jiekexu2 ~]# udevadm trigger
[root@jiekexu2 ~]# ll /dev/sdj
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 144 Oct 1 09:50 /dev/sdj
[root@jiekexu2 ~]# ll /dev/sde
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 64 Oct 1 09:50 /dev/sde
[root@jiekexu2 ~]# chown grid:asmadmin /dev/sdj
[root@jiekexu2 ~]# ll /dev/sdj
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 144 Oct 1 09:50 /dev/sdj接下来我们则登录 ASM 实例，查看磁盘路径可以正常显示 sdj 和 sde，也可以正常挂载 ARCH。
su - grid
sqlplus / as sysasm
alter diskgroup ARCH mount;
登录数据库发现数据库实例已经自启动了。
另外一套 RAC 也是节点 2 数据库无法启动，DATA 磁盘组无法正常挂载。经查看 ASM 实例日志也是 DATA 磁盘组缺失一块磁盘，缺失的磁盘权限也变成 root:disk，如法炮制，修改属组重新挂载即可恢复正常。
2023-10-01T09:18:17.259212+08:00
ERROR: /* ASMCMD cguid:cae29900570ecf7ebfd17fbf776d2840 cname:jieke-rac-scan nodename:jieke-rac-87 */ALTER DISKGROUP data MOUNT
2023-10-01T09:18:17.650518+08:00
ASM Health Checker found 1 new failures
2023-10-01T10:21:30.690039+08:00
SQL> /* ASMCMD cguid:cae29900570ecf7ebfd17fbf776d2840 cname:jieke-rac-scan nodename:jieke-rac-87 */ALTER DISKGROUP DATA MOUNT
2023-10-01T10:21:30.795687+08:00
NOTE: cache registered group DATA 1/0x36302669
NOTE: cache began mount (not first) of group DATA 1/0x36302669
NOTE: Assigning number (1,0) to disk (/dev/asmdisks/asm-data)
2023-10-01T10:21:31.238030+08:00
GMON querying group 1 at 38 for pid 37, osid 59371
2023-10-01T10:21:31.269748+08:00
NOTE: Assigning number (1,1) to disk ()
2023-10-01T10:21:31.285726+08:00
GMON querying group 1 at 39 for pid 37, osid 59371
2023-10-01T10:21:31.286854+08:00
NOTE: cache dismounting (clean) group 1/0x36302669 (DATA)
NOTE: messaging CKPT to quiesce pins Unix process pid: 59371, image: oracle@jieke-rac-87 (TNS V1-V3)
NOTE: dbwr not being msg'd to dismount
NOTE: LGWR not being messaged to dismount
NOTE: cache dismounted group 1/0x36302669 (DATA)
NOTE: cache ending mount (fail) of group DATA number=1 incarn=0x36302669
NOTE: cache deleting context for group DATA 1/0x36302669
2023-10-01T10:21:31.386823+08:00
GMON dismounting group 1 at 40 for pid 37, osid 59371
2023-10-01T10:21:31.387863+08:00
NOTE: Disk DATA_0000 in mode 0x7f marked for de-assignment
ERROR: diskgroup DATA was not mounted
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15040: diskgroup is incomplete
ORA-15042: ASM disk "1" is missing from group number "1"
SQL> set lin 1000 pagesize 999
col PATH for a30
col NAME for a15
col FAILGROUP for a15
select GROUP_NUMBER,DISK_NUMBER,OS_MB/1024,TOTAL_MB/1024,FREE_MB/1024,NAME,FAILGROUP,PATH,FAILGROUP_TYPE,header_status,state from v$asm_disk order by 1;
select GROUP_NUMBER,NAME,STATE,TYPE,TOTAL_MB/1024,FREE_MB/1024,USABLE_FILE_MB/1024,REQUIRED_MIRROR_FREE_MB,HOT_USED_MB,COLD_USED_MB/1024 from v$asm_diskgroup;
SQL> SQL> SQL>
GROUP_NUMBER DISK_NUMBER OS_MB/1024 TOTAL_MB/1024 FREE_MB/1024 NAME FAILGROUP PATH FAILGRO HEADER_STATU STATE
------------ ----------- ---------- ------------- ------------ --------------- --------------- ------------------------------ ------- ------------ --------
1 0 300 300 100.4375 DATA_0000 DATA_0000 /dev/asmdisks/asm-data REGULAR MEMBER NORMAL
1 1 300 300 100.449219 DATA_0001 DATA_0001 /dev/asmdisks/asm-data01 REGULAR MEMBER NORMAL
2 0 100 100 89.7578125 FRA_0000 FRA_0000 /dev/asmdisks/asm-fra REGULAR MEMBER NORMAL
3 0 50 50 49.8671875 TEST_0000 TEST_0000 /dev/asmdisks/asm-mgmt REGULAR MEMBER NORMAL
5 3 3 3 2.6484375 OCR_0003 OCR_0003 /dev/asmdisks/asm-ocr3 REGULAR MEMBER NORMAL
5 2 3 3 2.63671875 OCR_0002 OCR_0002 /dev/asmdisks/asm-ocr1 REGULAR MEMBER NORMAL
5 1 3 3 2.64453125 OCR_0001 OCR_0001 /dev/asmdisks/asm-ocr2 REGULAR MEMBER NORMAL
7 rows selected.
SQL>
GROUP_NUMBER NAME STATE TYPE TOTAL_MB/1024 FREE_MB/1024 USABLE_FILE_MB/1024 REQUIRED_MIRROR_FREE_MB HOT_USED_MB COLD_USED_MB/1024
------------ --------------- ----------- ------ ------------- ------------ ------------------- ----------------------- ----------- -----------------
1 DATA MOUNTED EXTERN 600 200.886719 200.886719 0 0 399.113281
2 FRA MOUNTED EXTERN 100 89.7578125 89.7578125 0 0 10.2421875
3 JIEKEXU MOUNTED EXTERN 50 49.8671875 49.8671875 0 0 .1328125
5 OCR MOUNTED NORMAL 9 7.9296875 2.46484375 3072 0 1.0703125国庆放假回来后，对节点 2 进行了重启，重启后发现磁盘属组又变回了 root:disk,这两套 RAC 关机重启导致共享磁盘属组发生变化，发现一个共同的点就是变化的磁盘均是最后一块盘（ARCH_0001 和 DATA_0001），而这最后一块盘是后期添加的，那么可能出问题的就是 udev 配置文件了，但是上次通过在 CRT 中的 more 命令查看没有问题，这次用 vi 打开发现最后一行是有换行，“OWNER=” 后面出现了换行，另一套也是最后一行出现了换行，使用 xshell 打开如下图所示：
将其换行删除，然后重载 udev 规则就可以了。
# vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdisks.rules
# udevadm control --reload-rules
# udevadm triggerDROPPED 状态的磁盘
几个月前的一天，突然发现此 RAC 有一块 OCR 盘出现故障，状态变为 FORCING ,磁盘 name 则以下划线命名 _DROPPED_0000_OCR ,查看 ASM 和集群日志均没有发现异常的地方。查看 CRS 集群和数据库均是正常状态，也可以正常启动关闭集群，但就是这块盘的状态是异常的。查询信息如下图所示：
解决办法
使用 lsblk 查看 sdg sdh sdi 三块 3G 的磁盘及对应的权限没有问题。
# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 100G 0 disk
|-sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
`-sda2 8:2 0 99G 0 part
|-rootvg-lvroot 253:0 0 91.1G 0 lvm /
`-rootvg-lvswap 253:1 0 7.9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk
`-u01vg-lvu01 253:2 0 100G 0 lvm /u01
sdc 8:32 0 50G 0 disk
sdd 8:48 0 300G 0 disk
sde 8:64 0 100G 0 disk
sdf 8:80 0 50G 0 disk
sdg 8:96 0 3G 0 disk
sdh 8:112 0 3G 0 disk
sdi 8:128 0 3G 0 disk
sdj 8:144 0 300G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
[root@jiekexu-rac1 /]# ll /dev/asmdisks/asm-ocr3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 6 Jul 1 16:51 /dev/asmdisks/asm-ocr3 -> ../sdi
[root@jiekexu-rac1 /]# ll /dev/sdi
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 128 Jul 1 17:12 /dev/sdi直接强制将第三块盘添加进 OCR 磁盘组即可。
SQL> alter diskgroup OCR add disk '/dev/asmdisks/asm-ocr3' force;
Diskgroup altered.再次查看磁盘组状态则正常,只不过是作为一块新盘添加进去，从添加进去的磁盘名 OCR-0003 就可以看到,因为原来的名字为 OCR-0000。
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公众号：JiekeXu DBA之路
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