目录
1.4、在web.xml中配置SpringMVC(src-webapp-WEB-INF-web.xml)
一、Spring MVC组件
- DispatcherServlet(前端控制器):相当于MVC中的controller,dispatcherServlet是整个流程控制的中心,由他调用其他组件处理用户的请求,DispatcherServlet的存在降低了组件之间的耦合性
- HandlerMapping(处理器映射器):负责根据用户的请求找到相应的Handler(处理器),springMVC提供了不同的映射器实现了不同的映射方式,例如:配置文件方式,注解方式
- Handler(处理器):在DispatcherServlet的控制下,handler对具体的用户请求进行处理
- HandlerAdapter(处理器适配器):适配器模式,通过扩展适配器,可以对更多类型的handler进行控制
- ViewResolver(视图解析器):负责将处理结果生成视图(View),SpringMVC提供了多种视图类型,即:jstlView、freemarkerView、pdfView等
二、尝试Spring MVC
1.1、创建maven项目
1.2、 在pom.xml中添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>4.2.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>4.2.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.2.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
1.3、添加Spring的配置文件beans.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--开启MVC框架注解-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!--开启注解扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="demo.controller"/>
<!-- 添加视图解析 -->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 前缀(目录) -->
<!-- <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>-->
<property name="prefix" value="/views/"/>
<!-- 后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".html"/>
</bean>
</beans>
1.4、在web.xml中配置SpringMVC(src-webapp-WEB-INF-web.xml)
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<!--配置DispatcherServlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<!--配置dispatcher.xml作为mvc的配置文件-->
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:beans.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
1.5、在web.xml中配置允许访问静态文件
<!-- 允许访问静态文件 -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name >default</servlet-name >
<url-pattern >*.js</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping >
<servlet-mapping >
<servlet-name >default</servlet-name >
<url-pattern >*.css</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping >
<servlet-mapping >
<servlet-name >default</servlet-name >
<url-pattern >*.html</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping >
<servlet-mapping >
<servlet-name >default</servlet-name >
<url-pattern >*.gif</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping >
1.6、在webapp文件夹下添加demo01.html
在\webapp\views\文件夹下创建demo01.html文件
<body>
<h3>Hello World</h3>
</body>
1.7、添加Controller
package demo.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class DemoController {
@RequestMapping("/index")
public String index1(){
return "demo01";
}
}
1.8、浏览器访问测试
在浏览器中访问localhost:8080/index,可以正常跳转到demo01.html
三、添加JSON支持
3.1、在beans.xml中添加JSON的消息转换器
pom.xml中添加fastjson依赖
<!--json-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-databind -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.13.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/fastjson -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.79</version>
</dependency>
beans.xml中进行配置(放在<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>中间)
<!--解决json 乱码配置-->
<mvc:annotation-driven>
<mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
<property name="objectMapper">
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean">
<property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</mvc:message-converters>
</mvc:annotation-driven>
3.2、添加User实体
public class User {
private int id;
private String uname;
//省略Getter和Setter
}
3.3、在Controller中测试
package demo.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class TestController {
@RequestMapping("/test2")
public User test2(){
User user = new User(1001, "张三");
return user;
}
}
3.4、在浏览器中进行测试
浏览器中访问localhost:8080/test2进行测试