Ansible部署与实施PlayBook
| 计算机名称 | IP | 角色 |
|---|---|---|
| workstation | 192.168.182.130 | 管理 |
| servera | 192.168.182.131 | 被管理 |
| serverb | 192.168.182.132 | 被管理 |
| serverc | 192.168.182.133 | 被管理 |
部署
控制节点
Ansible易于安装。只需要安装到要运行它的一个或多个控制节点上。由Ansbile管理的主机不需要安装Ansible。
控制节点需要安装Python3（3.5以上）或python2（2.7以上）
yum install python36 -y
yum install epel-release -y
yum install ansible -y
#使用setup模块验证版本
[root@workstation ~]# ansible -m setup localhost | grep ansible_python_version
"ansible_python_version": "2.7.5",
受管主机
yum install python36 -y
构建清单
定义清单
清单定义ansible将要管理的一批主机。这些主机也可以分配到组中，以进行集中管理。组可以包含子组，主机也可以时多个组的成员。清单还可以设置应用带它所定义的主机和组的变量。
静态清单指定受管主机
静态清单文件是指定ansible目标受管主机的文本文件(INI/YAML).
配置资产文件inventory.ini
[root@workstation ~]# cat inventory.ini
[my_servers]
servera
serverb
serverc
主机名解析
[root@workstation ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.182.131 servera
192.168.182.132 serverb
192.168.182.133 serverc
实施PlayBook
运行PlayBook
ansible-playbook 命令可用于运行playboo。该命令在控制节点运行，要运行的playbook的名称作为参数传递。
实例
[root@workstation ~]# cat webserver.yml
---
- name: setup web server
hosts: my_servers
tasks:
- name: latest httpd
yum:
name: httpd
state: latest
在my_server下的servera安装
[root@workstation ~]# ansible-playbook -i inventory.ini webserver.yml --limit servera
PLAY [setup web server] ************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************************
ok: [servera]
TASK [latest httpd] ****************************************************************************************
changed: [servera]
PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************
servera : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
检查
[root@servera ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@servera ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2023-07-19 06:24:23 EDT; 53s ago
Docs: man:httpd(8)
man:apachectl(8)
Main PID: 15578 (httpd)
Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic: 0 B/sec"
CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
├─15578 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─15579 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─15580 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─15581 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─15582 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
└─15583 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
Jul 19 06:24:23 servera systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Jul 19 06:24:23 servera httpd[15578]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully...sage
Jul 19 06:24:23 servera systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
执行playbook前，最好进行验证，确保内容预防正确无误
[root@workstation ~]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check webserver.yml
[WARNING]: provided hosts list is empty, only localhost is available. Note that the implicit localhost does
not match 'all'
[WARNING]: Could not match supplied host pattern, ignoring: my_servers
playbook: webserver.yml
这样说明格式正确
修改webserver.yml
[root@workstation ~]# cat webserver.yml
---
- name: setup web server
hosts: my_servers
tasks:
- name:latest httpd
yum:
name: httpd
state: latest
[root@workstation ~]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check webserver.yml
[WARNING]: provided hosts list is empty, only localhost is available. Note that the implicit localhost does
not match 'all'
ERROR! We were unable to read either as JSON nor YAML, these are the errors we got from each:
JSON: No JSON object could be decoded
Syntax Error while loading YAML.
mapping values are not allowed in this context
The error appears to be in '/root/webserver.yml': line 6, column 8, but may
be elsewhere in the file depending on the exact syntax problem.
The offending line appears to be:
- name:latest httpd
yum:
^ here
说明出现问题
-C选项对playbook执行空运行。会使Ansible报告在执行该playbook时将会发生什么更改并不会对受管主机进行任何更改。
[root@workstation ~]# ansible-playbook -C webserver.yml
[WARNING]: provided hosts list is empty, only localhost is available. Note that the implicit localhost does
not match 'all'
[WARNING]: Could not match supplied host pattern, ignoring: my_servers
PLAY [setup web server] ************************************************************************************
skipping: no hosts matched
PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************