来源整理 : 小托 | 开源社翻译组PM
翻译 : 张锋 | 开源社翻译
Open-source projects have revolutionized the world of software development by fostering innovation, collaboration, and community-driven contributions. These projects are often the backbone of countless applications and services we use every day, ranging from web development frameworks to operating systems and beyond. Later we’ll explore some of the top open-source projects that continue to shape the tech industry and provide links to their repositories where you can get involved or learn more.
开源项目通过促进创新、协作和社区贡献，彻底改变了软件开发的世界。这些项目往往是我们每天使用的无数应用程序和服务的支撑，涵盖了从网络开发框架到操作系统等各个领域。稍后，我们将探讨一些持续塑造科技行业的顶级开源项目，并提供它们的仓库链接，您可以参与其中或了解更多信息。
But first, why invest in open-source development?
Open source development offers a multitude of compelling reasons why it’s a commendable approach to software creation. Firstly, it fosters collaboration on an unprecedented scale. By inviting contributions from a global community of developers, open-source projects benefit from diverse perspectives, expertise, and creativity. This collaboration results in faster innovation and higher-quality software, as the collective knowledge and effort of many individuals are harnessed. Secondly, transparency is a fundamental principle of open source. Anyone can access and review the source code, ensuring that the software’s inner workings are open for scrutiny. This transparency builds trust and accountability, as users can verify that there are no hidden or malicious components. Additionally, open-source software tends to be more secure, thanks to the constant peer review and rapid response to vulnerabilities. Finally, open-source projects promote freedom and accessibility. They grant users the liberty to use, modify, and distribute the software freely, reducing dependency on proprietary solutions and ensuring that technology remains accessible to all, regardless of financial means. In essence, open-source development embodies the ideals of collaboration, transparency, security, and accessibility, making it an excellent choice for the creation of robust and innovative software.
但首先，为什么要投资于开源开发？
开源开发提供了许多令人信服的理由，说明它是一种值得称赞的软件开发方法。首先，它促进了规模空前的合作。通过邀请全球开发者社区贡献力量，开源项目受益于不同的观点、专业知识和创造力。这种合作能够利用许多个人的集体知识和努力，从而加快创新速度和提高软件质量。其次，透明度是开源的基本原则。任何人都可以访问和审查源代码，以确保软件的内部运作公开透明。这种透明度建立了信任和责任感，因为用户可以验证是否存在隐藏或恶意组件。此外，由于不断的同行评审和对漏洞的快速响应，开源软件往往更加安全。最后，开源项目促进了自由和可访问性。它们赋予用户自由使用、修改和分发软件的权利，减少了对专有解决方案的依赖，并确保所有人无论经济能力如何都能获得技术。从本质上讲，开源开发体现了协作、透明、安全和可访问性的理念，使其成为创建健壮和创新软件的绝佳选择。
Linux内核
The Linux Kernel is nothing short of amazing due to its profound impact on the computing world. It powers everything from supercomputers to smartphones, making it one of the most versatile and scalable operating systems in existence. Its collaborative development model has resulted in unparalleled stability and security, with thousands of dedicated contributors worldwide continually improving its performance. The Linux Kernel’s open-source nature has allowed it to adapt and evolve rapidly, making it the go-to choice for a vast array of computing needs.
Linux 内核对计算机世界产生了令人叹为观止的深远影响。它支持超级计算机到智能手机的所有设备，使其成为目前功能最全面、可扩展性最强的操作系统之一。它的协作开发模式带来了无与伦比的稳定性和安全性，全球数以千计的专业贡献者不断改进其性能。Linux 内核的开源特性使其能够快速适应和发展，成为满足各种计算需求的首选。
Apache HTTP 服务器
The Apache HTTP Server is remarkable for its role in shaping the internet as we know it today. It has stood the test of time as the most trusted and widely used web server software globally. Its extensibility and modularity enable developers to tailor its functionality to suit their needs, making it the backbone of countless websites and web applications. Apache’s open-source community has maintained its position at the forefront of web server technology for decades, ensuring that it remains secure, reliable, and efficient.
Apache HTTP 服务器在塑造我们今天所熟知的互联网方面发挥了重要作用。它经受住了时间的考验，成为全球最值得信赖和广泛使用的 Web 服务器软件。它的可扩展性和模块化使开发人员能够根据自己的需要定制功能，使其成为无数网站和 Web 应用程序的支柱。Apache 开源社区数十年来一直处于 Web 服务器技术的前沿，确保了它的安全、可靠和高效。
Mozilla Firefox
Mozilla Firefox stands out as an amazing open-source project because of its unwavering commitment to user privacy and internet freedom. It has been a key driver in promoting open standards and fostering a competitive web ecosystem. Firefox’s development is a testament to community-driven innovation, with features like Enhanced Tracking Protection and container tabs that empower users to take control of their online experiences. Its open nature allows users to audit the code, ensuring transparency and trustworthiness.
Mozilla Firefox 作为一个了不起的开源项目脱颖而出，是因为其坚定不移地致力于保护用户隐私和互联网自由。其一直致力于推广开放标准和促进具有竞争力的网络生态系统。Firefox 的开发是社区驱动创新的证明，其增强跟踪保护和容器标签等功能使用户能够掌控在线体验。它的开放性允许用户对代码进行审查，确保了透明度和可信度。
Python
Python’s amazing quality lies in its simplicity and versatility. It is an open-source programming language that has won the hearts of developers worldwide. Python’s clean and readable syntax makes it an excellent choice for both beginners and experienced programmers. It is widely adopted for web development, data analysis, machine learning, scientific computing, and more. Python’s active and diverse community contributes to a rich ecosystem of libraries and frameworks, making it a go-to language for solving a wide range of real-world problems.
Python 的出色之处在于其简洁性和多功能性。它是一种开源编程语言，赢得了全球开发人员的青睐。Python 简洁易读的语法使其成为初学者和经验丰富的程序员的绝佳选择。它被广泛应用于 Web 开发、数据分析、机器学习、科学计算等领域。Python 活跃而多样化的社区为丰富的库和框架生态系统做出了贡献，使其成为解决各种现实问题的首选编程语言。
Node.js
Node.js is truly remarkable for its impact on server-side JavaScript development. It has revolutionized the way developers build scalable network applications. By using a non-blocking, event-driven architecture, Node.js enables high-performance applications that can handle a large number of concurrent connections efficiently. Its open-source community fosters rapid development and innovation, resulting in a vibrant ecosystem of modules and libraries. Node.js has become a cornerstone technology for building real-time applications and microservices, making it a standout open-source project in the modern software landscape.
Node.js 对服务器端 JavaScript 开发有非常显著的影响。它彻底改变了开发人员构建可扩展网络应用程序的方式。通过使用非阻塞、事件驱动架构，Node.js 使高性能应用程序能够有效处理大量并发连接。其开源社区促进了快速开发和创新，形成了一个充满活力的模块和库生态系统。Node.js 已成为构建实时应用程序和微服务的基础技术，这也使其成为现代软件领域中一个杰出的开源项目。
WordPress
WordPress is an incredible open-source project that has democratized website creation and content management. It has empowered millions of individuals, businesses, and organizations to build and maintain their websites easily and affordably. With a vast ecosystem of themes and plugins developed by the community, WordPress is highly customizable. Its user-friendly interface and extensive documentation make it accessible to users of all technical backgrounds.
WordPress 是一个令人难以置信的开源项目，其使网站创建和内容管理民主化。它使数百万个人、企业和组织能够以低廉的价格轻松建立和维护自己的网站。WordPress 拥有一个由社区开发的主题和插件的庞大生态系统，使其可高度定制。它友好的用户界面和丰富的文档使各种技术背景的用户都能愉快地使用。
TensorFlow
TensorFlow, an open-source machine learning framework developed by Google, is astonishing for its role in advancing the field of artificial intelligence. It provides a comprehensive platform for building and deploying machine learning models, from deep learning for image recognition to natural language processing tasks. TensorFlow’s active community continually enhances its capabilities, making it a top choice for researchers and developers working on cutting-edge AI projects.
TensorFlow 是谷歌开发的一个开源机器学习框架，在推动人工智能领域的发展方面发挥了巨大的作用。它为构建和部署机器学习模型（从图像识别的深度学习到自然语言处理任务）提供了一个全面的平台。TensorFlow 活跃的社区不断增强其功能，使其成为从事尖端人工智能项目的研究人员和开发人员的首选。
EclipseIDE
Eclipse is a remarkable integrated development environment (IDE) that has been a staple for software developers for years. It supports multiple programming languages and offers a rich set of tools for code editing, debugging, and collaboration. What makes Eclipse stand out is its vast ecosystem of plugins and extensions, making it adaptable to a wide range of development tasks and industries.
Eclipse 是一个出色的集成开发环境 (IDE)，多年来一直是软件开发人员的主要工具。它支持多种编程语言，提供丰富的代码编辑、调试和协作工具集。Eclipse 的突出之处在于其庞大的插件和扩展生态系统，使其能够适应各种开发任务和行业。
Django
Django is an open-source web framework for building robust and scalable web applications in Python. It’s amazing for its “batteries-included” philosophy, which means it comes with a wide array of built-in features for authentication, database management, and more, saving developers significant time and effort. Django’s emphasis on best practices and security makes it a top choice for building secure and maintainable web applications.
Django 是一个开源 Web 框架，用于在 Python 中构建强大、可扩展的 Web 应用程序。它的"自备军需"理念令人惊叹，这意味着它具有身份验证、数据库管理等多种内置功能，为开发人员节省了大量时间和精力。Django 强调最佳实践和安全性，这使其成为构建安全、可维护 Web 应用程序的首选之一。
Kubernetes
Kubernetes is an astonishing open-source container orchestration platform that has revolutionized the way applications are deployed and managed in containers. It provides automated scaling, load balancing, and self-healing capabilities for containerized applications, making it essential for modern cloud-native development. Kubernetes’ vibrant community and ecosystem of tools and extensions ensure it remains at the forefront of container orchestration technology.
Kubernetes 是一个令人惊叹的开源容器编排平台，它彻底改变了在容器中部署和管理应用程序的方式。它为容器化应用程序提供自动扩展、负载平衡和自愈能力，是现代云原生开发的必备工具。Kubernetes 充满活力的社区以及工具和扩展的生态系统确保其始终处于容器编排技术的前沿。
PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL, often referred to as Postgres, is an amazing open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). It’s known for its robustness, extensibility, and support for complex data types. PostgreSQL’s commitment to standards compliance and data integrity makes it an excellent choice for a wide range of applications, from small-scale projects to large-scale enterprise databases.
PostgreSQL 通常被称为 Postgres，是一个出色的开源关系数据库管理系统（RDBMS）。它以其健壮性、可扩展性和对复杂数据类型的支持而著称。PostgreSQL 致力于标准合规性和数据完整性，这使其成为从小型项目到大型企业数据库等各种应用的绝佳选择。
Git
Git, the open-source distributed version control system created by Linus Torvalds, is revolutionary in how it has streamlined collaboration in software development. It enables developers to track changes, merge code, and collaborate seamlessly across distributed teams. Git’s simplicity and effectiveness have made it an industry standard for version control, essential for managing code repositories efficiently.
Git 是由 Linus Torvalds 创建的开源分布式版本控制系统，它在简化软件开发协作方面具有革命性意义。它使开发人员能够跟踪变更、合并代码，并在分布式团队间进行无缝协作。Git 的简单性和有效性使其成为版本控制的行业标准，对于有效地管理代码库至关重要。
Ruby on Rails
Ruby on Rails, often referred to as Rails, is a remarkable open-source web application framework that prioritizes convention over configuration. This means that it streamlines and simplifies the development process, allowing developers to focus on building features rather than writing repetitive code. Rails is renowned for its elegant and developer-friendly syntax, making it a top choice for rapid web application development.
RubyonRails（通常简称为 Rails）是一个了不起的开源Web应用程序框架，它优先考虑约定而非配置。这意味着它可以精简开发流程，让开发人员专注于构建功能，而不是编写重复的代码。Rails 以其优雅和对开发人员友好的语法而闻名，也是其成为快速开发 Web 应用程序的顶级选择。
Open Street Map
OpenStreetMap (OSM) is an extraordinary open-source project that has created a global mapping platform built by a community of volunteers. OSM provides free, editable maps that rival commercial alternatives. It’s amazing for its accessibility, allowing anyone to contribute data and improve mapping information worldwide. OSM has been used for everything from navigation to disaster response, showcasing the power of collaborative geographic data.
OpenStreetMap (OSM) 是一个非凡的开放源码项目，它创建了一个由志愿者社区构建的全球地图平台。OSM 提供免费的可编辑地图，可与商业地图媲美。它极其容易访问，任何人都可以贡献数据并改进全球的地图信息。OSM 已被用于从导航到救灾的各种领域，这展示了其协作地理数据的威力。
Kali Linux
Kali Linux is a remarkable open-source project that serves as a powerful penetration testing and ethical hacking platform. It is essential for cybersecurity professionals and enthusiasts, to provide a vast array of tools and resources for testing and securing networks and systems. Kali Linux’s active community ensures that it remains up-to-date with the latest cybersecurity tools and techniques.
KaliLinux 是一个非常出色的开源项目，是一个功能强大的渗透测试和道德黑客平台。对于网络安全专业人员和爱好者来说，提供大量的工具和资源来测试和保护网络和系统是至关重要的。KaliLinux 活跃的社区确保了它始终掌握最新的网络安全工具和技术。
LibreOffice
LibreOffice is an amazing open-source office suite that offers a free and feature-rich alternative to proprietary office software like Microsoft Office. It includes applications for word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, and more. LibreOffice is known for its compatibility with popular document formats, making it a valuable tool for individuals, businesses, and educational institutions.
LibreOffice 是一款出色的开源办公套件，它提供了一个免费且功能丰富的可替代微软 Office 等专有办公软件的产品。它包括文字处理、电子表格、演示文稿等应用程序。LibreOffice 以兼容流行文档格式而著称，是个人、企业和教育机构的重要工具。
Rust
Rust is an incredible open-source programming language that focuses on system-level programming with a strong emphasis on safety and performance. It’s designed to prevent common programming errors like null pointer dereferences and buffer overflows, making it a valuable choice for building secure and reliable software. Rust’s growing community and ecosystem of libraries are contributing to its rise in popularity.
Rust 是一门令人难以置信的开源编程语言，它专注于系统级编程，非常强调安全性和性能。它的设计旨在防止空指针取消引用和缓冲区溢出等常见的编程错误，是构建安全可靠软件的明智选择。Rust 不断发展壮大的社区和库生态系统使其越来越受欢迎。
React
React is an amazing open-source JavaScript library for building user interfaces. Developed and maintained by Facebook, React has become the go-to choice for creating interactive and dynamic web applications. Its component-based architecture promotes code reusability and maintainability, and it enjoys strong community support, making it a staple in modern web development.
React 是一个了不起的开源 JavaScript 库，用于构建用户界面。React 由 Facebook 开发和维护，已成为创建交互式动态 Web 应用程序的首选。其基于组件的架构促进了代码的可重用性和可维护性，并得到了社区的大力支持，使其成为现代 Web 开发的主要工具。
GIMP
The GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) is an exceptional open-source graphics editor that rivals commercial software like Adobe Photoshop. It’s used for tasks ranging from photo retouching to graphic design and illustration. GIMP’s flexibility, extensibility, and active community of contributors make it an invaluable tool for artists, designers, and photographers.
GNU图像处理程序（GIMP）是一款出色的开源图形编辑器，可与 Adobe Photoshop 等商业软件相媲美。它可用于照片润饰、平面设计和插图等各种任务。GIMP 的灵活性、可扩展性以及活跃的贡献者社区使其成为艺术家、设计师和摄影师的宝贵工具。
Jupyter Notebook
Jupyter Notebook is an outstanding open-source web application that allows users to create and share documents containing live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text. It’s widely used in data science and research for its interactive and collaborative environment. Jupyter’s support for various programming languages and its role in promoting reproducible research is highly commendable.
Jupyter Notebook 是一款杰出的开源Web应用程序，允许用户创建和共享包含实时代码、方程式、可视化和叙述性文本的文档。因其交互式协作环境而广泛应用于数据科学和研究领域。Jupyter 对各种编程语言的支持及其在促进可重复研究方面的作用非常值得称赞。
Ubuntu
Ubuntu is an amazing open-source Linux distribution renowned for its user-friendliness and community-driven development. It has brought the power of Linux to a wider audience and remains a top choice for desktop and server environments. Ubuntu’s regular release cycle and long-term support (LTS) versions cater to both casual users and enterprise clients.
Ubuntu 是一款出色的开源 Linux 发行版，以其用户友好性和社区驱动的开发而闻名。它将 Linux 的强大功能带给了更多用户，并一直是桌面和服务器环境的首选。Ubuntu 的定期发布周期和长期支持（LTS）版本既能满足普通用户的需求，也能满足企业客户的需求。
Ruby
Ruby, the programming language, is renowned for its simplicity and elegance. It fosters developer happiness by prioritizing readability and productivity. Ruby’s open-source community actively maintains and enhances the language, ensuring it remains a joy to work with for web development, scripting, and more.
编程语言 Ruby 以其简洁和优雅而闻名。它通过优先考虑可读性和生产力来提高开发人员的幸福感。Ruby 的开源社区积极维护和增强这门语言，确保其在 Web 开发、脚本编写等方面的使用始终充满乐趣。
Homebrew
Homebrew is a fantastic open-source package manager for macOS and Linux. It simplifies the process of installing, updating, and managing software packages, libraries, and tools. Homebrew’s user-friendly approach has made it a popular choice for developers looking to streamline their development environment.
Homebrew 是一个非常棒的 macOS 和 Linux 开源包管理器。它简化了安装、更新和管理软件包、库和工具的过程。Homebrew 的用户友好性使其成为开发人员简化开发环境的首选。
Wireshark
Wireshark is an extraordinary open-source network protocol analyzer. It enables users to capture and inspect data packets traveling through a network, making it an essential tool for network administrators, security professionals, and developers. Wireshark’s extensive protocol support and active community make it indispensable for network troubleshooting and analysis.
Wireshark 是一款出色的开源网络协议分析器。它使用户能够捕获和检查通过网络传输的数据包，是网络管理员、安全专业人员和开发人员的必备工具。Wireshark 广泛的协议支持和活跃的社区使其成为网络故障排除和分析不可或缺的工具。
Arduino
Arduino is a remarkable open-source hardware and software platform that simplifies the development of electronics projects and prototypes. It provides a range of microcontroller boards and an easy-to-learn programming environment, making it accessible to hobbyists, students, and professionals alike. Arduino’s open-source nature encourages innovation in the world of hardware and IoT (Internet of Things).
Arduino 是一个了不起的开源软硬件平台，其简化了电子项目和原型的开发。它提供一系列微控制器板和简单易学的编程环境，使业余爱好者、学生和专业人员都能使用。Arduino 的开源特性鼓励了硬件和 IoT（物联网）领域的创新。
Inkscape
Inkscape is an amazing open-source vector graphics editor that rivals commercial alternatives like Adobe Illustrator. It’s ideal for creating scalable graphics, illustrations, and icons. Inkscape’s commitment to standards compliance and its thriving user community contribute to its continued development and improvement.
Inkscape 是一款出色的开源矢量图形编辑器，可与 Adobe Illustrator 等商业软件相媲美。它是创建可缩放图形、插图和图标的理想选择。Inkscape 对标准遵从性的承诺及其蓬勃发展的用户社区有助于其持续发展和改进。
FreeCAD
FreeCAD is an exceptional open-source parametric 3D CAD (Computer-Aided Design) modeler. It’s a versatile tool for engineers, architects, and designers to create 3D models for various purposes. FreeCAD’s extensible architecture and community-contributed modules expand its capabilities for different design and engineering tasks.
FreeCAD 是一款出色的开源参数化 3D CAD（计算机辅助设计）建模器。对于工程师、建筑师和设计师来说，这是一款多功能工具，可用于创建各种用途的3D模型。FreeCAD 可扩展架构和社区贡献的模块扩展了其用于不同的设计和工程任务的能力。
Minecraft Java Edition
Minecraft Java Edition, the open-source version of the iconic sandbox game, has a dedicated modding community that continually expands and enhances the game’s features. This open-source spirit has led to the creation of countless mods, plugins, and custom content, making Minecraft a dynamic and ever-evolving gaming experience.
《我的世界: Java 版》是一款标志性沙盒游戏的开源版本，它有一个专门的建模社区，不断扩展和增强游戏的功能。这种开源精神催生了无数的修改器、插件和自定义内容，使《我的世界》成为一种充满活力、不断发展的游戏体验。
Matplotlib
Matplotlib is an amazing open-source data visualization library for Python. It provides a flexible and robust toolkit for creating static, animated, or interactive visualizations. Matplotlib is widely used in data science, scientific research, and academia for its ability to produce high-quality plots and charts.
Matplotlib 是一个用于 Python 的出色开源数据可视化库。它为创建静态、动画或交互式可视化提供了一个灵活而强大的工具包。Matplotlib 因其能够生成高质量的图和图表而被广泛应用于数据科学、科学研究和学术界。
OpenCV
OpenCV (Open Source Computer Vision Library) is an indispensable open-source project for computer vision and image processing tasks. It offers a comprehensive set of tools and libraries for tasks like object detection, face recognition, and image analysis. OpenCV’s open-source community drives its ongoing development and adoption in various industries.
OpenCV（开源计算机视觉库）是计算机视觉和图像处理任务中不可或缺的开源项目。它为物体检测、人脸识别和图像分析等任务提供了一套全面的工具和库。OpenCV 的开源社区推动了其在各行各业的不断发展和应用。
These open-source projects exemplify the power of collaborative development, innovation, and the spirit of sharing knowledge within the global tech community. They have not only shaped industries but also empowered individuals to create, learn, and contribute to the ever-evolving world of technology.
这些开源项目体现了协同开发的力量，创新，以及全球科技社区共享知识的精神。这不仅塑造了各行各业，也赋予了个人去创造、学习和为不断发展的技术世界做出贡献的能力。
编辑 : 梅皓
相关阅读 | Related Reading
Timnit Gebru 谈到她被谷歌解雇、人工智能的危险和大型科技公司的偏见
开源社简介
开源社（英文名称为“KAIYUANSHE”）成立于 2014 年，是由志愿贡献于开源事业的个人志愿者，依 “贡献、共识、共治” 原则所组成的开源社区。开源社始终维持 “厂商中立、公益、非营利” 的理念，以 “立足中国、贡献全球，推动开源成为新时代的生活方式” 为愿景，以 “开源治理、国际接轨、社区发展、项目孵化” 为使命，旨在共创健康可持续发展的开源生态体系。
开源社积极与支持开源的社区、高校、企业以及政府相关单位紧密合作，同时也是全球开源协议认证组织 - OSI 在中国的首个成员。
自2016年起连续举办中国开源年会（COSCon），持续发布《中国开源年度报告》，联合发起了“中国开源先锋榜”、“中国开源码力榜”等，在海内外产生了广泛的影响力。
