CoppeliaSim学习笔记之CoppeliaSim Edu V4.1.0 + Ubuntu 16.04 + ROS Kinetic环境搭建与基础测试


1. 环境搭建

  Ubuntu系统的安装在此不做介绍,网上一搜一箩筐。ROS Kinetic的安装直接参考wiki就行。CoppeliaSim 安装也比较简单,直接官网下载(以7月21日新鲜刚出炉的CoppeliaSim Edu V4.1.0 为例),具体版本根据用户而定,博主使用CoppeliaSim_Edu_V4_1_0_Ubuntu16_04,ROS Kinetic,如果嫌官网下载太慢或者想下载其他版本的话,可以使用博主分享的百度云链接:(注意区分系统)

  但此时CoppeliaSim并不能与ROS进行通信。需要搭建bridge,参考CoppeliaRobotics Github git clone --recursive https://github.com/CoppeliaRobotics/simExtROSInterface.git sim_ros_interface 下载simExtROSInterface 并重命名为 sim_ros_interface,下载位置与CoppeliaSim_Edu_V4_1_0_Ubuntu16_04放一个父文件夹下就行,相互之间也能有个照应,打架也能帮个忙。目录如下

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# mkdir workspcace 
mkdir -p sim_ws/src
# CoppeliaSim_Edu_V4_1_0_Ubuntu16_04_path 为CoppeliaSim_Edu_V4_1_0_Ubuntu16_04的下载路径 需要根据用户路径修改
cp CoppeliaSim_Edu_V4_1_0_Ubuntu16_04_path/CoppeliaSim_Edu_V4_1_0_Ubuntu16_04.tar ~/sim_ws/src
cd ~/sim_ws/src
# unzip CoppeliaSim
tar -xvf CoppeliaSim_Edu_V4_1_0_Ubuntu16_04.tar
# download sim_ros_interface   -- bridge
git clone --recursive https://github.com/CoppeliaRobotics/simExtROSInterface.git sim_ros_interface
## 注意: 我电脑的环境大多依赖的python2,而从coppeliaSim V4.1.0的CMakeLists.txt中可知道其依赖的python3,coppeliaSim V4.0.0依赖的python2,所以在此我使用V4.0.0版本的sim_ros_interface,否则会报一堆类似于没有 rospkg的问题
cd sim_ros_interface
git checkout coppeliasim-v4.0.0
# change directory to sim_ws
cd ~/sim_ws
# compile
catkin build -j4

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  根据Errors信息需要添加环境变量COPPELIASIM_ROOT_DIR,系统默认使用的是bash shell,在~/.bashrc末尾添加export COPPELIASIM_ROOT_DIR=/home/lyz/sim_ws/src/CoppeliaSim_Edu_V4_1_0_Ubuntu16_04/(具体路径根据自己的CoppeliaSim路径而定)。确认环境变量添加成功

source ~/.bashrc
env | grep ROOT
>>> COPPELIASIM_ROOT_DIR=/home/lyz/sim_ws/src/CoppeliaSim_Edu_V4_1_0_Ubuntu16_04/

注意:

  a. 编译错误一:有可能报ros依赖库的错误,直接安装即可。

sudo apt-get install ros-kinetic-brics-actuator
sudo apt-get install ros-kinetic-tf2-sensor-msgs

  b. 编译错误二:有可能报compile error。 generate.py line102 runprogram('xsltproc', '-o', output('reference.html'), rel('xsl/reference.xsl'), input_xml)的问题。

sudo apt-get install xsltproc 

  c. 编译错误三:CoppeliaSim V4.1.0依赖python3,如果系统用的python2会报无rospkg等问题。

  可以使用V4.0.0的sim_ros_interface。git checkout coppeliasim-v4.0.0

  接下来重新编译catkin build -j4,编译完成后将devel/lib下的libsimExtROSInterface.so复制到CoppeliaSim_Edu_V4_1_0_Ubuntu16_04文件夹下,这样每次启动CoppeliaSim时都会自动导入*.so,导入的同时还会验证ROS master有没有启动,若没有启动日志中会包含如下错误。

[CoppeliaSim:error]   plugin 'ROSInterface': load failed (failed initialization).

  正常运行roscore,再运行CoppeliaSim,执行rosnode list会有如下显示

$ rosnode list
/rosout
/vrep_ros_interface

  除此之外,ROS与CoppeliaSim连接也可直接参考官网帮助文档或者我的翻译教程。到这里ROS与CoppeliaSim之间的bridge基本配置完成,可以打开CoppeliaSim提供的ROS相关场景进行测试。

2. 基础测试

  • 拿CoppeliaSim自带的ros场景rosInterfaceTopicPublisherAndSubscriber.ttt进行ros消息publish测试,打开scene之后直接点界面上的右三角或者用快捷键Ctrl+Space仿真运行。

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  出现了topic /image,使用命令rosrun image_view image_view image:=/image查看摄像头图像

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  测试由CoppeliaSim发布摄像头图像数据成功。

  • 拿场景controlledViaRos.ttt测试CoppeliaSim端订阅ros topic并响应。(打开场景后需要注释rosInterfaceControlledBubbleRob脚本第20行
    --result=sim.launchExecutable('rosBubbleRob2',leftMotorTopicName.." "..rightMotorTopicName.." "..sensorTopicName.." "..simulationTimeTopicName,0),否则BubbleRob会一直按照随机发布的左右轮速度运动)

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  左轮发布速度 rostopic pub /leftMotorSpeed2497435 std_msgs/Float32 "data: 1.0",BubbleRob开始以右轮为中心转圈。
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  至此Ubuntu上CoppeliaSim/ROS之间的topic发布和订阅均已经测试通过,接下来可以按照自己想法浪一把了。

3. 自定义消息/服务编译使用

  • CoppeliaSim

  创建自定义消息包test_msgs,消息名称为Notification.msg catkin_create_pkg test_msgs roscpp rospy std_msgs message_generation

# Notification.msg
string messages

  修改test_msgs包 CMakeLists.txt、package.xml。

## CMakeLists.txt 添加Notification.msg
find_package(catkin REQUIRED COMPONENTS
  roscpp
  rospy
  std_msgs
  message_generation
)

 add_message_files(
   FILES
   Notification.msg
#   Message1.msg
#   Message2.msg
 )

 generate_messages(
   DEPENDENCIES
   std_msgs
 )

## package.xml 取消以下两行注释
<build_export_depend>message_generation</build_export_depend>
<exec_depend>message_runtime</exec_depend>

  修改sim_ros_interface包CMakeLists.txt、package.xml、meta/messages.txt。

## CMakeLists.txt
set(PKG_DEPS
    roscpp
    rosconsole
    cv_bridge
    image_transport
    tf
    roslib
    actionlib_msgs
    control_msgs
    diagnostic_msgs
    geometry_msgs
    map_msgs
    nav_msgs
    pcl_msgs
    sensor_msgs
    shape_msgs
    std_msgs
    tf2_geometry_msgs
    tf2_msgs
    tf2_sensor_msgs                                                                                                                                                                            
    trajectory_msgs
    visualization_msgs
    test_msgs # 自定义消息包
    )
## package.xml
<package format="2">
  <name>sim_ros_interface</name>
  <description>CoppeliaSim plugin for ROS interface</description>
  <maintainer email="[email protected]">Marc</maintainer>
  <version>3.3.0</version>
  <author>Federico Ferri</author>
  <license>BSD2</license>
  <url>http://www.coppeliarobotics.com</url>
  <buildtool_depend>catkin</buildtool_depend>
  <depend>roscpp</depend>
  <depend>rosmsg</depend>
  <depend>libopencv-dev</depend>
  <depend>cv_bridge</depend>
  <depend>image_transport</depend>
  <depend>tf</depend>
  <depend>actionlib_msgs</depend>
  <depend>control_msgs</depend>
  <depend>diagnostic_msgs</depend>
  <depend>geometry_msgs</depend>
  <depend>map_msgs</depend>
  <depend>nav_msgs</depend>
  <depend>pcl_msgs</depend>
  <depend>sensor_msgs</depend>
  <depend>shape_msgs</depend>
  <depend>std_msgs</depend>
  <depend>tf2_geometry_msgs</depend>
  <depend>tf2_msgs</depend>
  <depend>tf2_sensor_msgs</depend>
  <depend>trajectory_msgs</depend>
  <depend>visualization_msgs</depend>
  <depend>rosconsole</depend>
  <depend>roslib</depend>
  <depend>test_msgs</depend>  <!--自定义消息包-->                                         
</package>
## messages.txt 最后添加
test_msgs/Notification

  catkin build -j4 编译两个包,然后拷贝libcp ~/sim_ws/devel/lib/libsimExtROSInterface.so ~/sim_ws/src/CoppeliaSim_Edu_V4_1_0_Ubuntu16_04

  最后按正常顺序 roscore ./coppeliaSim.sh启动。以 CoppeliaSim 软件自带的 controlledViaRos.ttt为例,测试发布自定义消息类型为test_msgs/Notification的话题 /notifications。

-- 注释中带新添加字样的为测试自定义消息类型添加
function sysCall_init()
    robotHandle=sim.getObjectAssociatedWithScript(sim.handle_self)
    leftMotor=sim.getObjectHandle("rosInterfaceControlledBubbleRobLeftMotor") -- Handle of the left motor
    rightMotor=sim.getObjectHandle("rosInterfaceControlledBubbleRobRightMotor") -- Handle of the right motor
    noseSensor=sim.getObjectHandle("rosInterfaceControlledBubbleRobSensingNose") -- Handle of the proximity sensor
    -- Launch the ROS client application:
    if simROS then
        sim.addLog(sim.verbosity_scriptinfos,"ROS interface was found.")
        local sysTime=sim.getSystemTimeInMs(-1) 
        local leftMotorTopicName='leftMotorSpeed'..sysTime -- we add a random component so that we can have several instances of this robot running
        local rightMotorTopicName='rightMotorSpeed'..sysTime -- we add a random component so that we can have several instances of this robot running
        local sensorTopicName='sensorTrigger'..sysTime -- we add a random component so that we can have several instances of this robot running
        local simulationTimeTopicName='simTime'..sysTime -- we add a random component so that we can have several instances of this robot running
        -- Prepare the sensor publisher and the motor speed subscribers:
        sensorPub=simROS.advertise('/'..sensorTopicName,'std_msgs/Bool')
        simTimePub=simROS.advertise('/'..simulationTimeTopicName,'std_msgs/Float32')
        leftMotorSub=simROS.subscribe('/'..leftMotorTopicName,'std_msgs/Float32','setLeftMotorVelocity_cb')
        rightMotorSub=simROS.subscribe('/'..rightMotorTopicName,'std_msgs/Float32','setRightMotorVelocity_cb')
        notificationPub=simROS.advertise('/notifications', 'test_msgs/Notification')   -- 新添加
        -- Now we start the client application:
        result=sim.launchExecutable('rosBubbleRob',leftMotorTopicName.." "..rightMotorTopicName.." "..sensorTopicName.." "..simulationTimeTopicName,0)
    else
        sim.addLog(sim.verbosity_scripterrors,"ROS interface was not found. Cannot run.")
    end
    
end
function setLeftMotorVelocity_cb(msg)
    -- Left motor speed subscriber callback
    sim.setJointTargetVelocity(leftMotor,msg.data)
end

function setRightMotorVelocity_cb(msg)
    -- Right motor speed subscriber callback
    sim.setJointTargetVelocity(rightMotor,msg.data)
end

function getTransformStamped(objHandle,name,relTo,relToName)
    t=sim.getSystemTime()
    p=sim.getObjectPosition(objHandle,relTo)
    o=sim.getObjectQuaternion(objHandle,relTo)
    return {
    
    
        header={
    
    
            stamp=t,
            frame_id=relToName
        },
        child_frame_id=name,
        transform={
    
    
            translation={
    
    x=p[1],y=p[2],z=p[3]},
            rotation={
    
    x=o[1],y=o[2],z=o[3],w=o[4]}
        }
    }
end


function sysCall_actuation()
    -- Send an updated sensor and simulation time message, and send the transform of the robot:
    if simROS then
        local result=sim.readProximitySensor(noseSensor)
        local detectionTrigger={
    
    }
        detectionTrigger['data']=result>0
        simROS.publish(sensorPub,detectionTrigger)
        simROS.publish(simTimePub,{
    
    data=sim.getSimulationTime()})
        -- Send the robot's transform:
        simROS.sendTransform(getTransformStamped(robotHandle,'rosInterfaceControlledBubbleRob',-1,'world'))
        -- To send several transforms at once, use simROS.sendTransforms instead
        local robot_notification={
    
    }  -- 新添加
        robot_notification['messages'] = 'ok'  -- 新添加
        simROS.publish(notificationPub, robot_notification)  -- 新添加
    end
end

function sysCall_cleanup()
    if simROS then
        -- Following not really needed in a simulation script (i.e. automatically shut down at simulation end):
        simROS.shutdownPublisher(sensorPub)
        simROS.shutdownSubscriber(leftMotorSub)
        simROS.shutdownSubscriber(rightMotorSub)
        simROS.shutdownPublisher(notificationPub) -- 新添加
    end
end
source ~/sim_ws/devel/setup.bash 
rostopic echo /notifications 打印话题

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打印topic有信息证明自定义消息添加成功。

  • V-REP 3.6

  与CoppeliaSim步骤一样,不过修改的软件包不是sim_ros_interface,而是vrep_ros_interface。

  • V-REP 3.4
    • cp V-rep directory/programming/ros_packages/v_repExtRosInterface 和自定义消息包到工作空间,修改v_repExtRosInterface 文件夹package.xml、CMakeLists.txt 和meta/messages.txt;
    • messages.txt添加新消息,如 test_msgs/Notification
    • package.xml添加 <build_depend>test_msgs</build_depend> <run_depend>test_msgs</run_depend>
    • CMakeLists.txt添加
find_package(catkin REQUIRED COMPONENTS
  roscpp rosmsg image_transport tf cv_bridge test_msgs
)
catkin_package(
   CATKIN_DEPENDS test_msgs)

编译完成之后,将devel/lib/*.so复制到V-rep,覆盖以前的*.so。

注意:

  V-rep 3.4不存在单独的vrep_ros_interface包,它是将其集成在V-rep文件夹中,主要在programming/ros_packages下,所以针对ros做的操作包括新消息类型、服务类型的添加都在此。

至此仿真环境与ROS的bridge搭建、测试基本完成,接下来进行仿真环境和小车模型的搭建。

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