【数据库学习】——Python实现mysql数据库SQL文件生成和导入

目录

1、将mysql数据导出到SQL文件中（数据库存在的情况）

2、将现有的sql文件数据导入到数据库中（前提数据库存在） 

 3、利用Navicat导出SQL文件和导入SQL文件

1）从数据库导出SQL文件

2）导入SQL文件到数据库 

---

1、将mysql数据导出到SQL文件中（数据库存在的情况）

主要需要修改数据库的相关信息，端口号、用户名、密码等

其中数据库得存在，不然会报错 

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2022/5/29 13:06
# @Author  : @linlianqin
# @Site    : 
# @File    : exportSqlFile.py
# @Software: PyCharm
# @description:导出数据库文件sql

import os

class InitSql(object):
	sql_file = "A.sql"

	def import_server_db(self):
		mysqldump_commad_dict = {'dumpcommad': 'mysqldump ', 'server': 'localhost', 'user': 'root',
		                         'password': 'root', 'port': 3306, 'db': 'studentmanagersystem'}
		# mysqldump 命令
		sqlfromat = "mysqldump --column-statistics=0 -h%s -u%s -p%s -P%s %s > %s"
		# 生成相应的sql语句
		sql = (sqlfromat % (mysqldump_commad_dict['server'],
		                    mysqldump_commad_dict['user'],
		                    mysqldump_commad_dict['password'],
		                    mysqldump_commad_dict['port'],
		                    mysqldump_commad_dict['db'],
		                    self.sql_file))
		print("执行的导出数据库的sql：" + sql)
		result = os.system(sql)
		return result


if __name__ == '__main__':
	initSql = InitSql()
	initSql.import_server_db()

生成的sql文件如下所示：

-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 8.0.29, for Win64 (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database: studentmanagersystem
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version  8.0.29

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!50503 SET NAMES utf8mb4 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Table structure for table `studenttable`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `studenttable`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!50503 SET character_set_client = utf8mb4 */;
CREATE TABLE `studenttable` (
  `number` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `sex` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `classes` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `floor` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `room` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `tel` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  `money` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`number`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `studenttable`
--

LOCK TABLES `studenttable` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `studenttable` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `studenttable` VALUES ('2201','刘同学','男','1班','A1','101','1112','30'),('2202','张同学','男','2班','A2','211','1121','13'),('2203','管同学','女','2班','A3','121','1122','11'),('2204','管同学','女','2班','A3','121','1122','11'),('2205','刘同学','女','2班','A3','121','1122','11'),('2206','张同学','男','2班','A2','211','1121','13'),('2208','杨同学','男','1班','A1','101','1112','30'),('2209','蔡同学','男','1班','A1','101','1112','30');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `studenttable` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

-- Dump completed on 2022-06-05  0:30:03

2、将现有的sql文件数据导入到数据库中（前提数据库存在） 

这里的话其实就是将SQL文件进行分割成一条条SQL语句，然后顺序执行即可

import pymysql
from pathlib import Path

class ConnectMsql:

	def __init__(self, host='localhost', port=3306, user='root',
	             password='root', database="studentmanagersystem", filename: str = "studenttable.sql"):
		"""
        :param host:        域名
        :param port:        端口
        :param user:        用户名
        :param password:    密码
        :param database:    数据库名
        :param filename:    文件名称
        """

		self._host: str = host
		self._port: int = port
		self._user: str = user
		self._password: str = password
		self._database: str = database
		self._file_path = Path(__file__).parent.joinpath(filename)

	def _show_databases_and_create(self):
		"""
        查询数据库是否存在，不存在则进行新建操作
        :return:
        """
		connection = pymysql.connect(host=self._host, port=self._port, user=self._user, password=self._password,
		                             cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
		with connection:
			with connection.cursor() as cursor:
				cursor.execute('show databases;')
				result = cursor.fetchall()
				results = self._database not in tuple(x["Database"] for x in result)

		if results:
			with connection.cursor() as cursor:
				cursor.execute(f'create database {self._database};')
			with connection.cursor() as cursor:
				cursor.execute('show databases;')
				result = cursor.fetchall()
				results = self._database in tuple(x["Database"] for x in result)
			return results if results else result
		else:
			return True

	def _export_databases_data(self):
		"""
        读取.sql文件，解析处理后，执行sql语句
        :return:
        """
		if self._show_databases_and_create() is True:
			connection = pymysql.connect(host=self._host, port=self._port, user=self._user, password=self._password,
			                             database=self._database, charset='utf8')
			# 读取sql文件，并提取出sql语句
			results, results_list = "", []
			with open(self._file_path, mode="r+", encoding="utf-8") as r:
				for sql in r.readlines():
					# 去除数据中的“\n”和“\r”字符
					sql = sql.replace("\n", "").replace("\r", "")
					# 获取不是“--”开头且不是“--”结束的数据
					if not sql.startswith("--") and not sql.endswith("--"):
						# 获取不是“--”的数据
						if not sql.startswith("--"):
							results = results + sql

				# 根据“;”分割数据，处理后插入列表中
				for i in results.split(";"):
					if i.startswith("/*"):
						results_list.append(i.split("*/")[1] + ";")
						# print(i.split("*/")[1] + ";")
					else:
						results_list.append(i + ";")
						# print(i + ";")

			# 执行sql语句
			with connection:
				with connection.cursor() as cursor:
					# 循环获取sql语句
					for x in results_list[:-1]:
						if x != ";":
							print(x)
							# 执行sql语句
							cursor.execute(x)
							# 提交事务
							connection.commit()
					else:
						return "sql全部语句执行成功 ！"


	@property
	def sql_run(self):
		"""
		执行方法
		:return:
		"""
		return self._export_databases_data()


if __name__ == '__main__':
	res = ConnectMsql().sql_run
	print(res)

 利用Navicat软件可视化数据库，可以看到导入SQL文件成功

 3、利用Navicat导出SQL文件和导入SQL文件

1）从数据库导出SQL文件

选择需要导出的数据表——右键——转储为SQL文件——数据和结构

这样就可以将数据表的结构和数据都一起保存在SQL文件中

2）导入SQL文件到数据库 

右键选中需要导入的数据库——运行SQL文件

 点击开始后，即开始运行SQL文件，出现下述字样表明导入SQL文件成功