postgresql.conf是PostgreSQL数据库服务器的主要配置文件之一，它包含了许多重要的参数，用于配置数据库服务器的各种行为。下面是一些常用的参数的详细说明：
listen_addresses：这个参数指定PostgreSQL服务器监听的IP地址。默认情况下，它设置为localhost，只允许本地连接。如果你想允许来自其他IP地址的连接，你需要将它设置为你的服务器的公共IP地址。port：这个参数指定PostgreSQL服务器监听的端口号。默认情况下，它设置为5432。max_connections：这个参数指定PostgreSQL服务器允许的最大连接数。默认情况下，它设置为100。shared_buffers：这个参数指定PostgreSQL服务器用于缓存数据的内存大小。默认情况下，它设置为128MB。work_mem：这个参数指定每个查询可用的内存量。默认情况下，它设置为4MB。maintenance_work_mem：这个参数指定PostgreSQL服务器用于维护操作的内存量。默认情况下，它设置为64MB。effective_cache_size：这个参数指定PostgreSQL服务器可以使用的系统缓存的大小。默认情况下，它设置为4GB。checkpoint_timeout：这个参数指定PostgreSQL服务器执行自动检查点的时间间隔。默认情况下，它设置为5分钟。wal_level：这个参数指定PostgreSQL服务器记录事务日志的级别。默认情况下，它设置为minimal。max_wal_size：这个参数指定PostgreSQL服务器允许的最大事务日志文件大小。默认情况下，它设置为1GB。min_wal_size：这个参数指定PostgreSQL服务器允许的最小事务日志文件大小。默认情况下，它设置为80MB。max_worker_processes：这个参数指定PostgreSQL服务器允许的最大后台工作进程数。默认情况下，它设置为8log_line_prefix: 这个参数指定日志信息的前缀，可以包括时间、用户名、数据库名、进程ID等信息。默认情况下，它设置为"%t [%p]: [%l-1] user=%u,db=%d,"，表示输出日志信息的时间、进程ID、日志级别减1、用户名和数据库名等信息。log_destination：这个参数指定PostgreSQL服务器的日志输出目的地，可以是stderr、syslog、csvlog等。默认情况下，它设置为stderr。log_min_messages：这个参数指定日志输出的最小级别。默认情况下，它设置为WARNING，表示只输出警告级别及以上的日志信息。datestyle：这个参数指定日期的格式。默认情况下，它设置为ISO，表示使用ISO标准的日期格式。timezone：这个参数指定时区。默认情况下，它设置为UTC。default_statistics_target：这个参数指定查询优化器在收集统计信息时使用的样本数目。默认情况下，它设置为100。autovacuum：这个参数指定是否启用自动VACUUM。默认情况下，它设置为on。vacuum_cost_limit：这个参数指定VACUUM操作的成本限制，当VACUUM操作的成本超过该限制时，它将停止执行。默认情况下，它设置为200。autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor: 这个参数指定自动VACUUM操作的触发阈值，当表中已删除行的占比达到该阈值时，自动触发VACUUM操作。默认情况下，它设置为0.2。autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor: 这个参数指定自动VACUUM操作的触发阈值，当表中新增行的占比达到该阈值时，自动触发ANALYZE操作。默认情况下，它设置为0.1。autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit: 这个参数指定自动VACUUM操作的成本限制，当VACUUM操作的成本超过该限制时，它将停止执行。默认情况下，它设置为-1，表示不设置成本限制。autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor: 这个参数指定自动VACUUM操作的触发阈值，当表中已删除行的占比达到该阈值时，自动触发VACUUM操作。默认情况下，它设置为0.2。checkpoint_completion_target: 这个参数指定执行检查点操作时，需要将多少缓存中的数据写入磁盘。默认情况下，它设置为0.5。default_text_search_config: 这个参数指定全文搜索使用的默认配置。默认情况下，它设置为pg_catalog.simple。max_parallel_workers: 这个参数指定允许的最大并行工作进程数。默认情况下，它设置为8。max_parallel_workers_per_gather: 这个参数指定每个查询允许的最大并行工作进程数。默认情况下，它设置为2。jit: 这个参数指定是否启用JIT(即时编译)优化。默认情况下，它设置为off。jit_above_cost: 这个参数指定在哪些查询成本高于该阈值时，JIT优化将被启用。默认情况下，它设置为100000。
这些参数是PostgreSQL配置文件中的一部分。在修改配置文件时，需要谨慎处理，避免对数据库的正常运行造成影响。如果不确定如何配置，可以参考PostgreSQL官方文档或寻求专业的帮助。 下面是关于Postgresql 13.7 postgresql.conf配置文件详解部分：
```
-----------------------------
PostgreSQL configuration file
-----------------------------
#
This file consists of lines of the form:
该文件由如下格式的行组成:
name = value
#
(The "=" is optional.) Whitespace may be used. Comments are introduced with
"#" anywhere on a line. The complete list of parameter names and allowed
values can be found in the PostgreSQL documentation.
(=是可选的。)可以使用空格。注释在一行中的任意位置用“#”引入。参数名称和允许的值的完整列表可以在PostgreSQL文档中找到。
The commented-out settings shown in this file represent the default values.
Re-commenting a setting is NOT sufficient to revert it to the default value;
you need to reload the server.
该文件中显示的带注释的设置表示默认值。重新注释一个设置不足以将其恢复为默认值;您需要重新加载服务器。
This file is read on server startup and when the server receives a SIGHUP
signal. If you edit the file on a running system, you have to SIGHUP the
server for the changes to take effect, run "pg_ctl reload", or execute
"SELECT pgreloadconf()". Some parameters, which are marked below,
require a server shutdown and restart to take effect.
该文件在服务器启动和服务器接收到SIGHUP信号时读取。如果你在一个正在运行的系统上编辑这个文件，你必须SIGHUP服务器以便修改生效，运行"pgctl reload"，或者执行"SELECT pgreload_conf()"。下面标记的一些参数需要服务器关闭和重新启动才能生效。
Any parameter can also be given as a command-line option to the server, e.g.,
"postgres -c log_connections=on". Some parameters can be changed at run time
with the "SET" SQL command.
任何参数也可以作为命令行选项提供给服务器，例如，"postgres -c log_connections=on"。一些参数可以在运行时使用“SET”SQL命令更改。
Memory units: B = bytes Time units: us = microseconds
kB = kilobytes ms = milliseconds
MB = megabytes s = seconds
GB = gigabytes min = minutes
TB = terabytes h = hours
d = days
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FILE LOCATIONS 文件位置
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The default values of these variables are driven from the -D command-line
option or PGDATA environment variable, represented here as ConfigDir.
这些变量的默认值由-D命令行选项或PGDATA环境变量驱动，在这里表示为ConfigDir。
data_directory = 'ConfigDir' # use data in another directory 使用其他目录中的数据
# (change requires restart) 改变需要重新启动数据库hbafile = 'ConfigDir/pghba.conf' # host-based authentication file 基于主机的认证文件
# (change requires restart)identfile = 'ConfigDir/pgident.conf' # ident configuration file 识别配置文件
# (change requires restart)
If externalpidfile is not explicitly set, no extra PID file is written.
如果没有显式地设置externalpidfile，则不会写入额外的PID文件。
externalpidfile = '' # write an extra PID file 写一个额外的PID文件
# (change requires restart)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONNECTIONS AND AUTHENTICATION 连接和身份验证
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Connection Settings - 连接设置
listenaddresses = '*' # what IP address(es) to listen on; 侦听的IP地址是什么; # comma-separated list of addresses; 逗号分隔的地址列表; # defaults to 'localhost'; use '*' for all 默认为'localhost';全部使用“*” # (change requires restart) port = 5432 # (change requires restart) #端口 maxconnections = 100 # (change requires restart) # 数据库最大连接数
superuserreservedconnections = 3 # (change requires restart)
unixsocketdirectories = '/var/run/postgresql, /tmp' # comma-separated list of directories 以逗号分隔的目录列表
# (change requires restart)unixsocketgroup = '' # (change requires restart)
unixsocketpermissions = 0777 # begin with 0 to use octal notation 以0开始使用八进制表示法
# (change requires restart)bonjour = off # advertise server via Bonjour 通过Bonjour广告服务器
# (change requires restart)bonjour_name = '' # defaults to the computer name 默认为计算机名
# (change requires restart)
- TCP settings -
see "man tcp" for details
tcpkeepalivesidle = 0 # TCPKEEPIDLE, in seconds; TCPKEEPIDLE，单位为秒;
# 0 selects the system default 0选择系统默认值tcpkeepalivesinterval = 0 # TCP_KEEPINTVL, in seconds;
# 0 selects the system defaulttcpkeepalivescount = 0 # TCP_KEEPCNT;
# 0 selects the system defaulttcpusertimeout = 0 # TCPUSERTIMEOUT, in milliseconds; TCPUSERTIMEOUT，以毫秒为单位;
# 0 selects the system default
- Authentication - 身份验证
authentication_timeout = 1min # 1s-600s
password_encryption = scram-sha-256 # md5 or scram-sha-256
dbusernamespace = off
GSSAPI using Kerberos 使用Kerberos的GSSAPI
krbserverkeyfile = 'FILE:${sysconfdir}/krb5.keytab'
krbcaseinsusers = off
- SSL -
ssl = off
sslcafile = ''
sslcertfile = 'server.crt'
sslcrlfile = ''
sslkeyfile = 'server.key'
ssl_ciphers = 'HIGH:MEDIUM:+3DES:!aNULL' # allowed SSL ciphers
sslpreferserver_ciphers = on
sslecdhcurve = 'prime256v1'
sslminprotocol_version = 'TLSv1.2'
sslmaxprotocol_version = ''
ssldhparams_file = ''
sslpassphrasecommand = ''
sslpassphrasecommandsupportsreload = off
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RESOURCE USAGE (except WAL) 资源使用情况(WAL除外)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Memory - 内存
shared_buffers = 128MB # min 128kB # (change requires restart)
huge_pages = try # on, off, or try
# (change requires restart)temp_buffers = 8MB # min 800kB
maxpreparedtransactions = 0 # zero disables the feature 0禁用该特性
# (change requires restart)Caution: it is not advisable to set maxpreparedtransactions nonzero unless
you actively intend to use prepared transactions.
注意:不建议将maxpreparedtransactions设置为非零，除非您打算积极使用准备事务。
work_mem = 4MB # min 64kB
hashmemmultiplier = 1.0 # 1-1000.0 multiplier on hash table workmem 哈希表workmem上的1-1000.0乘数
maintenanceworkmem = 64MB # min 1MB
autovacuumworkmem = -1 # min 1MB, or -1 to use maintenanceworkmem min 1MB，或-1使用maintenanceworkmem
logicaldecodingwork_mem = 64MB # min 64kB
maxstackdepth = 2MB # min 100kB
sharedmemorytype = mmap # the default is the first option 默认是第一个选项
# supported by the operating system: 默认是第一个选项
# mmap
# sysv
# windows
# (change requires restart)dynamicsharedmemory_type = posix # the default is the first option 默认是第一个选项 # supported by the operating system: 默认是第一个选项 # posix # sysv # windows # mmap # (change requires restart)
- Disk - 磁盘
tempfilelimit = -1 # limits per-process temp file space 限制每个进程临时文件空间
# in kilobytes, or -1 for no limit 单位是千字节，-1表示没有限制
- Kernel Resources - 内核资源
maxfilesper_process = 1000 # min 64
# (change requires restart)
- Cost-Based Vacuum Delay - 基于成本的真空延迟
vacuumcostdelay = 0 # 0-100 milliseconds (0 disables) 0-100毫秒(0 禁用)
vacuumcostpage_hit = 1 # 0-10000 credits 0 - 10000学分
vacuumcostpage_miss = 10 # 0-10000 credits
vacuumcostpage_dirty = 20 # 0-10000 credits
vacuumcostlimit = 200 # 1-10000 credits
- Background Writer -
bgwriter_delay = 200ms # 10-10000ms between rounds 回合之间10-10000ms
bgwriterlrumaxpages = 100 # max buffers written/round, 0 disables 最大缓冲区写入/循环，0禁用
bgwriterlrumultiplier = 2.0 # 0-10.0 multiplier on buffers scanned/round 0-10.0乘数的缓冲区扫描/轮
bgwriterflushafter = 512kB # measured in pages, 0 disables 以页面为单位，0表示禁用
- Asynchronous Behavior - 异步行为
effectiveioconcurrency = 1 # 1-1000; 0 disables prefetching 1 - 1000;0禁用预取
maintenanceioconcurrency = 10 # 1-1000; 0 disables prefetching
maxworkerprocesses = 8 # (change requires restart)
maxparallelmaintenanceworkers = 2 # taken from maxparallelworkers 取自maxparallel_workers
maxparallelworkerspergather = 2 # taken from maxparallelworkers
parallelleaderparticipation = on
maxparallelworkers = 8 # maximum number of maxworkerprocesses that maxworker进程的最大数目
# can be used in parallel operations 能否用于并行操作oldsnapshotthreshold = -1 # 1min-60d; -1 disables; 0 is immediate 1 min-60d;1禁用;0是立即的
# (change requires restart)backendflushafter = 0 # measured in pages, 0 disables 以页面为单位，0表示禁用
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WRITE-AHEAD LOG 写前日志
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Settings -
wal_level = replica # minimal, replica, or logical 最小、复制或逻辑
# (change requires restart)fsync = on # flush data to disk for crash safety 为防止崩溃，将数据刷新到磁盘
# (turning this off can cause
# unrecoverable data corruption) 关闭此功能会导致不可恢复的数据损坏synchronous_commit = on # synchronization level; 同步水平
# off, local, remote_write, remote_apply, or onwalsyncmethod = fsync # the default is the first option 默认是第一个选项
# supported by the operating system:
# open_datasync
# fdatasync (default on Linux and FreeBSD)
# fsync
# fsync_writethrough
# open_sync操作系统支持:
# open_datasync
# fdatasync (Linux和FreeBSD默认)
# fsync
# fsync_writethrough
# open_syncfullpagewrites = on # recover from partial page writes 从部分页写入中恢复
wal_compression = off # enable compression of full-page writes 启用整页写入的压缩
walloghints = off # also do full page writes of non-critical updates 也可以对非关键的更新进行整页的写入
# (change requires restart)walinitzero = on # zero-fill new WAL files 零填充的新WAL文件
wal_recycle = on # recycle WAL files 回收WAL文件
walbuffers = -1 # min 32kB, -1 sets based on sharedbuffers min 32kB， -1集基于shared_buffers
# (change requires restart)walwriterdelay = 200ms # 1-10000 milliseconds 1 - 10000毫秒
walwriterflush_after = 1MB # measured in pages, 0 disables 以页面为单位，0表示禁用
walskipthreshold = 2MB
commit_delay = 0 # range 0-100000, in microseconds 范围0-100000，单位为微秒
commit_siblings = 5 # range 1-1000 范围1 - 1000
- Checkpoints -
checkpoint_timeout = 5min # range 30s-1d 范围30 s-1d
maxwalsize = 1GB minwalsize = 80MB
checkpointcompletiontarget = 0.5 # checkpoint target duration, 0.0 - 1.0 检查点目标持续时间，0.0 - 1.0
checkpointflushafter = 256kB # measured in pages, 0 disables 以页面为单位，0表示禁用
checkpoint_warning = 30s # 0 disables 0表示禁用
- Archiving - 存档
archive_mode = off # enables archiving; off, on, or always 使归档;关，开，或总是
# (change requires restart)archive_command = '' # command to use to archive a logfile segment 用于归档日志文件段的命令
# placeholders: %p = path of file to archive
# %f = file name only
# e.g. 'test ! -f /mnt/server/archivedir/%f && cp %p /mnt/server/archivedir/%f'archive_timeout = 0 # force a logfile segment switch after this 在此之后强制进行日志文件段切换
# number of seconds; 0 disables 秒数;0禁用
- Archive Recovery - 归档文件恢复
These are only used in recovery mode.
这些仅用于恢复模式。
restore_command = '' # command to use to restore an archived logfile segment
命令用于恢复归档的日志文件段
# placeholders: %p = path of file to restore
# %f = file name only
# e.g. 'cp /mnt/server/archivedir/%f %p'
# (change requires restart)archivecleanupcommand = '' # command to execute at every restartpoint 命令在每个重启点执行
recoveryendcommand = '' # command to execute at completion of recovery 在恢复完成时执行的命令
- Recovery Target - 恢复目标
Set these only when performing a targeted recovery. 仅在执行目标恢复时设置这些。
recovery_target = '' # 'immediate' to end recovery as soon as a
# consistent state is reached Immediate”，即在达到一致状态后立即结束恢复 # (change requires restart)
recoverytargetname = '' # the named restore point to which recovery will proceed 恢复将继续到的指定还原点
# (change requires restart)recoverytargettime = '' # the time stamp up to which recovery will proceed 将进行恢复的时间戳
# (change requires restart)recoverytargetxid = '' # the transaction ID up to which recovery will proceed 将进行恢复的事务ID
# (change requires restart)recoverytargetlsn = '' # the WAL LSN up to which recovery will proceed WAL LSN，恢复将继续进行
# (change requires restart)recoverytargetinclusive = on # Specifies whether to stop:
# just after the specified recovery target (on)
# just before the recovery target (off)是否停止:
#在指定的恢复目标之后(on)
#在恢复目标之前(off)
# (change requires restart)recoverytargettimeline = 'latest' # 'current', 'latest', or timeline ID current'， 'latest'，或时间轴ID
# (change requires restart)recoverytargetaction = 'pause' # 'pause', 'promote', 'shutdown'
# (change requires restart)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
REPLICATION 复制
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Sending Servers -
Set these on the master and on any standby that will send replication data.
在主服务器和将发送复制数据的任何备用服务器上设置这些参数。
maxwalsenders = 10 # max number of walsender processes 最大walsender进程数
# (change requires restart)walkeepsize = 0 # in megabytes; 0 disables 以兆字节为单位;0禁用
maxslotwalkeepsize = -1 # in megabytes; -1 disables 以兆字节为单位;-1禁用
walsendertimeout = 60s # in milliseconds; 0 disables 以毫秒为单位;0禁用
maxreplicationslots = 10 # max number of replication slots 最大复制插槽数
# (change requires restart)trackcommittimestamp = off # collect timestamp of transaction commit 收集事务提交的时间戳
# (change requires restart)
- Master Server -
These settings are ignored on a standby server.
在备用服务器上忽略这些设置。
synchronousstandbynames = '' # standby servers that provide sync rep 提供同步代表的备用服务器
# method to choose sync standbys, number of sync standbys,
# 方法选择同步备用，同步备用数量，
# and comma-separated list of application_name
# 和以逗号分隔的application_name列表
# from standby(s); '*' = all
# 从备用(s);'*' =全部vacuumdefercleanup_age = 0 # number of xacts by which cleanup is delayed 延迟清除的xact数
- Standby Servers -
These settings are ignored on a master server.
这些设置在主服务器上被忽略
primary_conninfo = '' # connection string to sending server 发送服务器的连接字符串
primaryslotname = '' # replication slot on sending server 发送服务器上的复制插槽
promotetriggerfile = '' # file name whose presence ends recovery 恢复结束时存在的文件名
hot_standby = on # "off" disallows queries during recovery "off"禁止在恢复期间查询
# (change requires restart)maxstandbyarchive_delay = 30s # max delay before canceling queries 取消查询前最大延迟
# when reading WAL from archive;
# -1 allows indefinite delay
# 从档案中读取WAL时;-1允许无限期延迟maxstandbystreaming_delay = 30s # max delay before canceling queries 取消查询前最大延迟
# when reading streaming WAL;
# -1 allows indefinite delay
# 读取流时WAL;-1允许无限期延迟walreceivercreatetempslot = off # create temp slot if primaryslotname is not set
如果未设置primaryslotname，则创建临时槽位
walreceiverstatus_interval = 10s # send replies at least this often
# 0 disables 发送回复至少这个经常0禁用hotstandbyfeedback = off # send info from standby to prevent
# query conflicts 从待机发送信息以防止查询冲突walreceivertimeout = 60s # time that receiver waits for
# communication from master
# in milliseconds; 0 disables 接收端等待主机通信的时间(以毫秒为单位);0禁用walretrieveretry_interval = 5s # time to wait before retrying to
# retrieve WAL after a failed attempt 在尝试失败后重新尝试检索WAL之前等待的时间recoveryminapply_delay = 0 # minimum delay for applying changes during recovery
恢复期间应用更改的最小延迟
- Subscribers - 用户
These settings are ignored on a publisher. 在发布服务器上，这些设置将被忽略。
maxlogicalreplicationworkers = 4 # taken from maxworker_processes
取自maxworkerprocesses
# (change requires restart)maxsyncworkerspersubscription = 2 # taken from maxlogicalreplication_workers
取自maxlogicalreplication_workers
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
QUERY TUNING 查询调优
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Planner Method Configuration - Planner方法配置
enable_bitmapscan = on
enable_hashagg = on
enable_hashjoin = on
enable_indexscan = on
enable_indexonlyscan = on
enable_material = on
enable_mergejoin = on
enable_nestloop = on
enableparallelappend = on
enable_seqscan = on
enable_sort = on
enableincrementalsort = on
enable_tidscan = on
enablepartitionwisejoin = off
enablepartitionwiseaggregate = off
enableparallelhash = on
enablepartitionpruning = on
- Planner Cost Constants - 计划成本常数
seqpagecost = 1.0 # measured on an arbitrary scale 用任意尺度测量的
randompagecost = 4.0 # same scale as above 与以上比例相同
cputuplecost = 0.01 # same scale as above
cpuindextuple_cost = 0.005 # same scale as above
cpuoperatorcost = 0.0025 # same scale as above
paralleltuplecost = 0.1 # same scale as above
parallelsetupcost = 1000.0 # same scale as above
jitabovecost = 100000 # perform JIT compilation if available
# and query more expensive than this;
# -1 disables 如果可用，则执行JIT编译，并且查询的开销大于此值; -1禁用jitinlineabove_cost = 500000 # inline small functions if query is
# more expensive than this; -1 disables 内联小函数如果查询比这更昂贵;-1禁用jitoptimizeabove_cost = 500000 # use expensive JIT optimizations if
# query is more expensive than this;
# -1 disables 如果查询的开销大于此值，则使用昂贵的JIT优化;-1禁用
minparalleltablescansize = 8MB
minparallelindexscansize = 512kB
effectivecachesize = 4GB
- Genetic Query Optimizer - 遗传查询优化器
geqo = on
geqo_threshold = 12
geqo_effort = 5 # range 1-10
geqopoolsize = 0 # selects default based on effort 根据工作量选择默认值
geqo_generations = 0 # selects default based on effort
geqoselectionbias = 2.0 # range 1.5-2.0
geqo_seed = 0.0 # range 0.0-1.0
- Other Planner Options - 其他计划选项
defaultstatisticstarget = 100 # range 1-10000
constraint_exclusion = partition # on, off, or partition
cursortuplefraction = 0.1 # range 0.0-1.0
fromcollapselimit = 8
joincollapselimit = 8 # 1 disables collapsing of explicit JOIN clauses
1禁用显式JOIN子句的折叠
forceparallelmode = off
jit = on # allow JIT compilation 允许JIT编译
plancachemode = auto # auto, forcegenericplan or
# force_custom_planAuto、forcegenericplan或forcecustomplan
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
REPORTING AND LOGGING 报告和日志记录
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Where to Log -
logdestination = 'stderr' # Valid values are combinations of # stderr, csvlog, syslog, and eventlog, # depending on platform. csvlog # requires loggingcollector to be on.
根据平台的不同，有效值为stderr、csvlog、syslog和eventlog的组合。Csvlog要求打开logging_collector。
This is used when logging to stderr:
当记录到stderr时使用:
logging_collector = on # Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog # into log files. Required to be on for # csvlogs. # (change requires restart)
启用将stderr和csvlog捕获到日志文件中。要求开启csvlogs。
These are only used if logging_collector is on:
这些只在logging_collector打开时使用:
log_directory = '/backup/data/postgresql/log' # directory where log files are written, # can be absolute or relative to PGDATA # 日志文件写入的目录，可以是绝对的，也可以是相对于PGDATA的
log_filename = 'postgresql-%m-%d.log' # log file name pattern, # can include strftime() escapes 日志文件名模式，可以包含strftime()转义
logfilemode = 0600 # creation mode for log files,
# begin with 0 to use octal notation
# 日志文件的创建模式，以0开始使用八进制表示法logtruncateon_rotation = on # If on, an existing log file with the # same name as the new log file will be # truncated rather than appended to. # But such truncation only occurs on # time-driven rotation, not on restarts # or size-driven rotation. Default is # off, meaning append to existing files # in all cases. # 如果打开，与新日志文件同名的现有日志文件将被截断而不是追加。但是这种截断只发生在时间驱动的旋转中，而不会发生在重启或大小驱动的旋转中。默认为关闭，意味着在所有情况下追加到现有文件。
logrotationage = 1d # Automatic rotation of logfiles will # happen after that time. 0 disables. # 日志文件将在此之后自动旋转。0禁用。
logrotationsize = 0 # Automatic rotation of logfiles will # happen after that much log output. # 0 disables. # 日志文件的自动旋转将发生在大量的日志输出之后。0禁用。
These are relevant when logging to syslog:
当日志记录到syslog时，这些是相关的:
syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0'
syslog_ident = 'postgres'
syslogsequencenumbers = on
syslogsplitmessages = on
This is only relevant when logging to eventlog (win32):
这只与记录到eventlog (win32)相关:
(change requires restart)
event_source = 'PostgreSQL'
- When to Log -
logminmessages = warning # values in order of decreasing detail: 按细节递减顺序排列的值: # debug5 # debug4 # debug3 # debug2 # debug1 # info # notice # warning # error # log # fatal # panic logminerrorstatement = error # values in order of decreasing detail: 按细节递减顺序排列的值: # debug5 # debug4 # debug3 # debug2 # debug1 # info # notice # warning # error # log # fatal # panic (effectively off) logmindurationstatement = 10000 # -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements # and their durations, > 0 logs only # statements running at least this number # of milliseconds # -1被禁用，0记录所有语句及其持续时间，> 0只记录运行至少这个毫秒数的语句
logminduration_sample = -1 # -1 is disabled, 0 logs a sample of statements
# and their durations, > 0 logs only a sample of
# statements running at least this number
# of milliseconds;
# sample fraction is determined by log_statement_sample_rate
# -1被禁用，0记录语句样本及其持续时间，> 0只记录运行至少这个毫秒数的语句样本;样本分数由log_statement_sample_rate决定
logstatementsample_rate = 1.0 # fraction of logged statements exceeding
# log_min_duration_sample to be logged;
# 1.0 logs all such statements, 0.0 never logs
# 超过log_min_duration_sample的被记录语句的百分比;1.0记录所有这样的语句，0.0从不记录
logtransactionsample_rate = 0.0 # fraction of transactions whose statements
# are logged regardless of their duration; 1.0 logs all
# statements from all transactions, 0.0 never logs
# 无论其持续时间如何，其语句都被记录的事务的百分比;1.0记录所有事务的所有语句，0.0从不记录
- What to Log -
debugprintparse = off
debugprintrewritten = off
debugprintplan = off
debugprettyprint = on
logcheckpoints = on logconnections = on logdisconnections = on logduration = off logerrorverbosity = verbose # terse, default, or verbose messages 简短的、默认的或冗长的消息
log_hostname = off
loglineprefix = '%m %p %u %d %r ' # special values: # %a = application name 应用程序名称 # %u = user name 用户名称 # %d = database name 数据库名称 # %r = remote host and port 远程主机和端口 # %h = remote host 远程主机 # %b = backend type 后端类型 # %p = process ID 进程ID # %t = timestamp without milliseconds 不含毫秒的时间戳 # %m = timestamp with milliseconds 以毫秒为单位的时间戳 # %n = timestamp with milliseconds (as a Unix epoch) 以毫秒为单位的时间戳(Unix纪元) # %i = command tag 命令标签 # %e = SQL state SQL状态 # %c = session ID 会话ID # %l = session line number 会话行号 # %s = session start timestamp 会话开始时间戳 # %v = virtual transaction ID 虚拟事务ID # %x = transaction ID (0 if none) 事务ID(如果没有则为0) # %q = stop here in non-session # processes 在非会话进程中此处停止 # %% = '%' # e.g. '<%u%%%d> ' loglockwaits = on # log lock waits >= deadlocktimeout 日志锁等待>= deadlocktimeout
logparametermax_length = -1 # when logging statements, limit logged
# bind-parameter values to N bytes;
# -1 means print in full, 0 disables
# 当记录语句时，将记录的bind-parameter值限制为N个字节;-1表示完全打印，0禁用logparametermaxlengthon_error = 0 # when logging an error, limit logged
# bind-parameter values to N bytes;
# -1 means print in full, 0 disables
# 当记录错误时，将记录的bind-parameter值限制为N个字节;-1表示完全打印，0禁用log_statement = 'mod' # none, ddl, mod, all
logreplicationcommands = off
logtempfiles = -1 # log temporary files equal or larger
# than the specified size in kilobytes;
# -1 disables, 0 logs all temp files
# 记录等于或大于指定大小(单位为千字节)的临时文件;-1禁用，0记录所有临时文件log_timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai'
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROCESS TITLE 流程标题
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cluster_name = '' # added to process titles if nonempty 如果非空，则添加到进程标题中
# (change requires restart)updateprocesstitle = on
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATISTICS 统计数据
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Query and Index Statistics Collector - 查询和索引统计信息收集器
track_activities = on
track_counts = on
trackiotiming = off
track_functions = none # none, pl, all
trackactivityquery_size = 1024 # (change requires restart)
statstempdirectory = 'pgstattmp'
- Monitoring -
logparserstats = off
logplannerstats = off
logexecutorstats = off
logstatementstats = off
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTOVACUUM
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
autovacuum = on # Enable autovacuum subprocess? 'on'
# requires track_counts to also be on.
# 启用autovacuum子进程?'on'要求track_counts也为on。logautovacuummin_duration = -1 # -1 disables, 0 logs all actions and
# their durations, > 0 logs only
# actions running at least this number
# of milliseconds.
# -1禁用，0记录所有操作及其持续时间，> 0只记录运行至少这个毫秒数的操作。autovacuummaxworkers = 3 # max number of autovacuum subprocesses autovacuum子进程的最大数量
# (change requires restart)autovacuum_naptime = 1min # time between autovacuum runs 自动抽真空运行之间的时间
autovacuumvacuumthreshold = 50 # min number of row updates before
# vacuum 真空前的最小行更新数autovacuumvacuuminsert_threshold = 1000 # min number of row inserts
# before vacuum; -1 disables insert
# vacuums 真空前的最小行插入数;-1禁用插入真空autovacuumanalyzethreshold = 50 # min number of row updates before
# analyze 分析前的最小行更新数autovacuumvacuumscale_factor = 0.2 # fraction of table size before vacuum
真空前工作台尺寸的比例
autovacuumvacuuminsertscalefactor = 0.2 # fraction of inserts over table
# size before insert vacuum 在真空插入前，插入件比表尺寸的比例autovacuumanalyzescale_factor = 0.1 # fraction of table size before analyze
表大小的分数，然后进行分析
autovacuumfreezemax_age = 200000000 # maximum XID age before forced vacuum
强制真空前最大XID年龄
# (change requires restart)autovacuummultixactfreezemaxage = 400000000 # maximum multixact age
# before forced vacuum 强制真空前的最大多效寿命
# (change requires restart)autovacuumvacuumcost_delay = 2ms # default vacuum cost delay for
# autovacuum, in milliseconds;
# -1 means use vacuum_cost_delay
# 自动真空的默认真空成本延迟，以毫秒为单位;-1表示使用vacuum_cost_delayautovacuumvacuumcost_limit = -1 # default vacuum cost limit for
# autovacuum, -1 means use
# vacuum_cost_limit
# autovacuum的默认真空成本限制，-1表示使用vacuum_cost_limit
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CLIENT CONNECTION DEFAULTS 客户端连接默认值
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Statement Behavior - 声明的行为
clientminmessages = notice # values in order of decreasing detail: 按细节递减顺序排列的值:
# debug5
# debug4
# debug3
# debug2
# debug1
# log
# notice
# warning
# errorsearch_path = '"$user", public' # schema names 模式名
row_security = on
default_tablespace = '' # a tablespace name, '' uses the default 表空间名称，”使用默认值
temp_tablespaces = '' # a list of tablespace names, '' uses
# only default tablespace 表空间名称列表，仅使用默认表空间defaulttableaccess_method = 'heap'
checkfunctionbodies = on
defaulttransactionisolation = 'read committed'
defaulttransactionread_only = off
defaulttransactiondeferrable = off
sessionreplicationrole = 'origin'
statement_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled 以毫秒为单位，0被禁用
lock_timeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
idleintransactionsessiontimeout = 0 # in milliseconds, 0 is disabled
vacuumfreezemin_age = 50000000
vacuumfreezetable_age = 150000000
vacuummultixactfreezeminage = 5000000
vacuummultixactfreezetableage = 150000000
vacuumcleanupindexscalefactor = 0.1 # fraction of total number of tuples
# before index cleanup, 0 always performs
# index cleanup 清除索引前元组总数的百分比，0总是执行索引清除bytea_output = 'hex' # hex, escape
xmlbinary = 'base64'
xmloption = 'content'
ginfuzzysearch_limit = 0
ginpendinglist_limit = 4MB
- Locale and Formatting - 区域设置和格式
datestyle = 'iso, mdy'
intervalstyle = 'postgres'
timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai'
timezone_abbreviations = 'Default' # Select the set of available time zone
# abbreviations. Currently, there are
# Default
# Australia (historical usage)
# India
# You can create your own file in
# share/timezonesets/.
# 选择可用的时区缩写集。目前有默认澳大利亚(历史使用)印度您可以创建自己的文件共享/timezonesets/。extrafloatdigits = 1 # min -15, max 3; any value >0 actually
# selects precise output mode
# 最小-15，最大3;任何值>0实际上选择了精确的输出模式clientencoding = sqlascii # actually, defaults to database
# encoding
# 实际上，默认为数据库编码These settings are initialized by initdb, but they can be changed.
这些设置由initdb初始化，但可以更改。
lcmessages = 'enUS.UTF-8' # locale for system error message strings 系统错误消息字符串的区域设置 lcmonetary = 'enUS.UTF-8' # locale for monetary formatting 货币格式的区域设置 lcnumeric = 'enUS.UTF-8' # locale for number formatting 数字格式的区域设置 lctime = 'enUS.UTF-8' # locale for time formatting 用于时间格式化的区域设置
default configuration for text search
文本搜索的默认配置
defaulttextsearchconfig = 'pgcatalog.english'
- Shared Library Preloading - 共享库预加载
sharedpreloadlibraries = '' # (change requires restart)
localpreloadlibraries = ''
sessionpreloadlibraries = ''
jit_provider = 'llvmjit' # JIT library to use 使用的JIT库
- Other Defaults -
dynamiclibrarypath = '$libdir'
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOCK MANAGEMENT 锁管理
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
deadlock_timeout = 1s
maxlocksper_transaction = 64 # min 10
# (change requires restart)maxpredlockspertransaction = 64 # min 10
# (change requires restart)maxpredlocksperrelation = -2 # negative values mean
# (max_pred_locks_per_transaction
# / -max_pred_locks_per_relation) - 1
# 负值意味着(max_pred_locks_per_transaction / -max_pred_locks_per_relation) - 1maxpredlocksperpage = 2 # min 0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VERSION AND PLATFORM COMPATIBILITY 版本和平台兼容性
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Previous PostgreSQL Versions - 以前的PostgreSQL版本
array_nulls = on
backslashquote = safeencoding # on, off, or safe_encoding
escapestringwarning = on
locompatprivileges = off
operatorprecedencewarning = off
quoteallidentifiers = off
standardconformingstrings = on
synchronize_seqscans = on
- Other Platforms and Clients - 其他平台和客户端
transformnullequals = off
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ERROR HANDLING 错误处理
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
exitonerror = off # terminate session on any error? 在任何错误时终止会话?
restartaftercrash = on # reinitialize after backend crash? 后端崩溃后重新初始化?
datasyncretry = off # retry or panic on failure to fsync data?
对fsync数据失败进行重试或恐慌?
# (change requires restart)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONFIG FILE INCLUDES 配置文件包括
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
These options allow settings to be loaded from files other than the
default postgresql.conf. Note that these are directives, not variable
assignments, so they can usefully be given more than once.
这些选项允许从默认的postgresql.conf以外的文件加载设置。请注意，这些是指令，而不是变量赋值，因此它们可以有效地多次给出。
include_dir = '...' # include files ending in '.conf' from 包含以“.conf”结尾的文件
# a directory, e.g., 'conf.d'includeifexists = '...' # include file only if it exists 仅在文件存在时包含该文件
include = '...' # include file 包含文件
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CUSTOMIZED OPTIONS 自定义选项
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Add settings for extensions here
在这里添加扩展设置
```