Linux Mycat安装及MySQL读写分离的实现

以下是基本架构图，具体如下：

一、配置MySQL主从，详情请查看（搭建MySQL 主从同步）

二、安装mycat

1、配置java环境

[root@mysql ~]# tar -xf jdk-8u77-linux-x64.gz
[root@mysql ~]# mkdir /usr/local/java
[root@mysql ~]# mv jdk1.8.0_77/ /usr/local/java/
[root@mysql ~]#vim /etc/profile

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_77
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib/rt.jar
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin
[root@mysql ~]#source /etc/profile

[root@mysql ~]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_77"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_77-b03)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.77-b03, mixed mode)
说明此时Java环境已经部署成功

2、安装mycat

下载mycat包并安装（http://dl.mycat.io/1.6-RELEASE/Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz）

[root@mysql ~]# wget http://dl.mycat.io/1.6-RELEASE/Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz

[root@mysql ~]# tar -xf Mycat-server-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710-linux.tar.gz

[root@mysql ~]# mv mycat/ /usr/local/

[root@mysql mycat]# cd /usr/local/mycat/

[root@mysql mycat]# vim /etc/profile

export MYCAT_HOME=/usr/local/mycat
export PATH=$PATH:$MYCAT_HOME/bin

[root@mysql mycat]# source /etc/profile

此时安装完毕

3、配置mycat

[root@mysql mycat]# cd conf/

修改schema.xml文件

[root@mysql mycat]# vim schema.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">

一下备注部分为分表，因目前没需要所以没有对分表进行配置

<!--<table name="travelrecord" dataNode="dn1,dn2,dn3" rule="auto-sharding-long" />

<table name="company" primaryKey="ID" type="global" dataNode="dn1,dn2,dn3" />
                <table name="goods" primaryKey="ID" type="global" dataNode="dn1,dn2" />
                <table name="hotnews" primaryKey="ID" autoIncrement="true" dataNode="dn1,dn2,dn3" rule="mod-long" />
                <table name="employee" primaryKey="ID" dataNode="dn1,dn2" rule="sharding-by-intfile" />
                <table name="customer" primaryKey="ID" dataNode="dn1,dn2" rule="sharding-by-intfile">
                        <childTable name="orders" primaryKey="ID" joinKey="customer_id" parentKey="id">
                                <childTable name="order_items" joinKey="order_id" parentKey="id" />
                        </childTable>
                        <childTable name="customer_addr" primaryKey="ID" joinKey="customer_id" parentKey="id" />
                </table> -->
        </schema>
        <dataNode name="mysql_first" dataHost="dthost1" database="liuys" />
        
        <dataHost name="dthost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"
                          writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
                <heartbeat>select user();</heartbeat>
                <writeHost host="hostM1" url="192.168.1.128:3306" user="root" password="123456">
                        <readHost host="hostS1" url="192.168.1.127:3306" user="root" password="123456" />
                </writeHost>
                
        </dataHost>
</mycat:schema>

修改 server.xml

[root@mysql conf]# vim server.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:server SYSTEM "server.dtd">
<mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
        <system>
        <property name="useSqlStat">0</property>
<!--    <property name="useGlobleTableCheck">0</property>

</system>

        <user name="root">
                <property name="password">123456</property>
                <property name="schemas">TESTDB</property>

</user>

        <user name="liuys">
                <property name="password">456</property>
                <property name="schemas">TESTDB</property>
                <property name="readOnly">true</property>
        </user>

</mycat:server>

4、启动mycat，并查看是否启动

[root@mysql conf]# /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat start

[root@mysql conf]# netstat -anptu |grep java
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:32000         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      3063/java
tcp 0      0 :::42155                :::*                    LISTEN      3063/java
tcp 0      0 :::34457                :::*                    LISTEN      3063/java
tcp 0      0 :::1984                 :::*                    LISTEN      3063/java
tcp 0      0 :::8066                 :::*                    LISTEN      3063/java
tcp 0      0 :::9066                 :::*                    LISTEN      3063/java
tcp 0      0 192.168.1.76:36158      192.168.1.127:3306      ESTABLISHED 3063/java
tcp 0      0 192.168.1.76:35258      192.168.1.128:3306      ESTABLISHED 3063/java

设置验证环境并验证

（1）、登陆mycat，建表并插入数据

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -h192.168.1.76 -P8066 -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710 MyCat Server (OpenCloundDB)

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use TESTDB;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

mysql> create table company(id int not null primary key,name varchar(50),addr varchar(255));

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into travelrecord(id,user_id,traveldate,fee,days) values(2000002, 'alex', '2018-06-08',500.0,3);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.42 sec)

mysql> select * from travelrecord;
+---------+---------+------------+------+------+
| id | user_id | traveldate | fee | days |
+---------+---------+------------+------+------+
| 2000002 | alex | 2018-06-08 | 500 | 3 |
+---------+---------+------------+------+------+
1 rows in set (0.01 sec)

（2）、登陆主数据库服务器并验证刚插入的数据

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 42
Server version: 5.6.39-log Source distribution

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

同理登陆从服务器并在从服务器上插入数据以便验证读写分离

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 36
Server version: 5.6.39-log Source distribution

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use liuys;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select * from travelrecord;
+---------+---------+------------+------+------+
| id | user_id | traveldate | fee | days |
+---------+---------+------------+------+------+
| 2000002 | alex | 2018-06-08 | 500 | 3 |
+---------+---------+------------+------+------+
1 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into travelrecord(id,user_id,traveldate,fee,days) values(2000001, 'alice', '2017-08-08',500.0,3);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.42 sec)

mysql> select * from travelrecord;
+---------+---------+------------+------+------+
| id      | user_id | traveldate | fee | days |
+---------+---------+------------+------+------+
| 2000001 | alice   | 2017-08-08 | 500 |    3 |
| 2000002 | alex    | 2018-06-08 | 500 |    3 |
+---------+---------+------------+------+------+
回到主服务器查看时，肯定无法查到该条数据

此时为主服务器

当我们回到mycat服务器时，又可以看到数据

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use TESTDB;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

mysql> select * from travelrecord;
+---------+---------+------------+------+------+
| id      | user_id | traveldate | fee | days |
+---------+---------+------------+------+------+
| 2000001 | alice   | 2017-08-08 | 500 |    3 |
| 2000002 | alex    | 2018-06-08 | 500 |    3 |
+---------+---------+------------+------+------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

（4）、当停止从服务器时

[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS!

我们回到mycat服务器时此时数据就缺失了从服务器上刚插入的那条数据

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use TESTDB;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

（4）、相反当我们停止主服务器确报错无法连接数据库

此时说明主数据库是不能停

至此mycat读学分离已部署完毕

Linux Mycat安装及MySQL读写分离的实现

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