入门必写项目之图书管理系统（分析详解+完美运行+代码可拿）

一、需求分析

本次就将使用java语言中的多态，继承，封装，接口，数组，动态绑定等知识点，来综合性的设计与实现出一个简易的图书管理系统.

二、思路分析

• 1. 我们需要将书的属性进行封装，同时设立一个书架类，即存放的是书的数组。
• 2. 我们需要实现管理员能够添加书籍，查找书籍，删除书籍以及显示书籍;
• 3. 读者能够实现查找书籍，借阅书籍以及归还书籍。
• 4. 以上功能都是对书架进行操作的，所以我们可以设置一个接口实现
• 5. 我们需要区分出管理员与普通用户，不同的用户所展示的界面不同，利用继承和多态可以实现这一思路;
• 6. 我们根据功能分配包便于清楚分析问题

三、包分类

四、模块代码展示

1.1书籍类（Book）实现

package Book;

public class Book {
    
    
    private String name;
    private String author;
    private int price;
    private String type;
    private boolean isBorrowed = false;//默认未被借出

    public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {
    
    
        this.name = name;
        this.author = author;
        this.price = price;
        this.type = type;
    }

    public String getName() {
    
    
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
    
    
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
    
    
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
    
    
        this.author = author;
    }

    public int getPrice() {
    
    
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(int price) {
    
    
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getType() {
    
    
        return type;
    }

    public void setType(String type) {
    
    
        type = type;
    }

    public boolean isBorrowed() {
    
    
        return isBorrowed;
    }

    public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {
    
    
        isBorrowed = borrowed;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
    
    
        return "book{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", Type='" + type + '\'' +
                ", 是否被借出：" + isBorrowed +
                '}';
    }
}

1.2书架类（BookList类）实现

package Book;

public class BookList {
    
    
    private int BooksNum;//图书种类数
    private static final int BOOKSNUM = 10;
    private Book[] book = new Book[BOOKSNUM];

    public BookList()
    {
    
    
        book[0]=new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",89,"名著");
        book[1]=new Book("斗破苍穹","天蚕土豆",10,"玄幻小说");
        book[2]=new Book("高等数学上","同济大学",45,"教科书");
        this.BooksNum=3;
    }

    public int getBooksNum() {
    
    
        return BooksNum;
    }

    public void setBooksNum(int booksNum) {
    
    
        BooksNum = booksNum;
    }

    public Book getBook(int x) {
    
    
        return book[x];
    }

    public void setBook(Book book,int pos) {
    
    
        this.book[pos] = book;
    }

}

2.1功能接口（IOperation）实现

package Method;
import Book.BookList;

public interface IOperation {
    
    
    void work(BookList bookList);
}

2.2增加图书（Addoperation）实现

package Method;
import Book.Book;
import Book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

//增加图书
public class Addoperation implements IOperation  {
    
    
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList){
    
    
        System.out.println("增加图书：");
        Scanner sc =new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入书名：");
        String name =sc.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入作者：");
        String author =sc.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入类型：");
        String type =sc.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入价格：");
        int price =sc.nextInt();

        Book newbook = new Book(name,author,price,type);
        int tmp=bookList.getBooksNum();
        for (int i = 0; i < tmp; i++) {
    
    
            if(bookList.getBook(i).getName().equals(name)){
    
    
                System.out.println("该书已经存在，不可重复添加！");
                return ;
            }
        }

        bookList.setBook(newbook,tmp);
        bookList.setBooksNum(tmp+1);
    }
}

2.3删除图书（DelOperation）实现

package Method;

import Book.Book;
import Book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class DelOperation implements IOperation{
    
    
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList){
    
    
        System.out.println("请输入删除图书名称：");
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = sc.nextLine();

        for(int i=0;i<bookList.getBooksNum();i++){
    
    
            if(bookList.getBook(i).getName().equals(name)){
    
    
                int j=0;
                for (j = i; j < bookList.getBooksNum()-1; j++) {
    
    
                    bookList.setBook(bookList.getBook(j+1),j);
                }
                bookList.setBooksNum(bookList.getBooksNum()-1);
                bookList.setBook(null,j);
                System.out.println("删除成功！");
                return ;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("删除失败，未找到该图书！");
    }
}

2.4查找图书（FindOperation）实现

package Method;

import Book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class FindOperation implements IOperation{
    
    
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
    
    
        System.out.println("请输入你要查找的图书：");
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = sc.nextLine();
        int tmp= bookList.getBooksNum();
        for (int i = 0; i < tmp; i++) {
    
    
            if (bookList.getBook(i).getName().equals(name) ) {
    
    
                System.out.println(bookList.getBook(i));
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("查找失败！");
    }
}

2.5阅览书架（ShowOperation）实现

package Method;

import Book.BookList;

public class ShowOperation implements IOperation{
    
    
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
    
    
        System.out.println("藏书展示！");
        for(int i=0;i< bookList.getBooksNum();i++) {
    
    
            System.out.println(bookList.getBook(i));
        }
    }
}

2.6借阅图书（BrrowOperation）实现

package Method;

import Book.Book;
import Book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class BrrowOperation implements IOperation{
    
    
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
    
    
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("借阅图书：");
        System.out.println("请输入你要借阅的图书：");
        String name = sc.nextLine();

        for(int i=0;i< bookList.getBooksNum();i++){
    
    
            if(bookList.getBook(i).getName().equals(name)&&(!bookList.getBook(i).isBorrowed())){
    
    
                bookList.getBook(i).setBorrowed(true);
                System.out.println("借阅成功！");
                return ;
            }
        }

        System.out.println("借阅失败，未找到该图书，可能是已经被借出导致！");
    }
}

2.7归还图书（ReturnOperation）实现

package Method;

import Book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation {
    
    
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
    
    
        System.out.println("请输入你要归还的图书：");
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = sc.nextLine();
        for (int i = 0; i < bookList.getBooksNum(); i++) {
    
    
            if (bookList.getBook(i).getName().equals(name) && (bookList.getBook(i).isBorrowed())) {
    
    
                bookList.getBook(i).setBorrowed(false);
                System.out.println("归还成功！");
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("归还失败！");
    }
}

2.8退出系统（Exit）实现

package Method;

import Book.BookList;

public class Exit implements IOperation{
    
    
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
    
    
        System.out.println("退出系统");
        System.exit(-1);
    }
}

3.1抽象类（User）实现

package User;

import Book.BookList;
import Method.IOperation;

public abstract class User {
    
    
    protected String name ;
    protected IOperation[] iOperations;

    public abstract int menu();

    public User(String name) {
    
    
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void DoWork(int choice, BookList bookList){
    
    
        this.iOperations[choice].work(bookList);
    }
}

3.2管理员类（AdminUser）实现

package User;
import Method.*;
import Method.IOperation;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class AdminUser extends User{
    
    
    public AdminUser(String name) {
    
    
        super(name);
        this.iOperations = new IOperation[]{
    
    
                new Exit(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new Addoperation(),
                new DelOperation(),
                new ShowOperation()
        };
    }

    @Override
    public int menu() {
    
    
        System.out.println("****************************");
        System.out.println("hello "+name+" 欢迎来到图书小练习");
        System.out.println("1.查找图书！");
        System.out.println("2.新增图书！");
        System.out.println("3.删除图书！");
        System.out.println("4.显示图书！");
        System.out.println("0.退出系统！");
        System.out.println("****************************");
        System.out.println("请输入你的操作：");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }

3.3用户类（NormalUser ）实现

package User;

import Method.*;
import Method.IOperation;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class NormalUser extends User {
    
    
    public NormalUser(String name) {
    
    
        super(name);
        this.iOperations = new IOperation[]{
    
    
                new Exit(),
                new FindOperation(),
                new BrrowOperation(),
                new ReturnOperation(),
                new DelOperation()
        };
    }

    public int menu() {
    
    
        System.out.println("****************************");
        System.out.println("hello "+name+" 欢迎来到图书小练习");
        System.out.println("1.查找图书！");
        System.out.println("2.借阅图书！");
        System.out.println("3.归还图书！");
        System.out.println("0.退出系统！");
        System.out.println("****************************");
        System.out.println("请输入你的操作：");
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        int choice = scanner.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }
}

4、主方法类（Main）实现

package Main;

import Book.BookList;
import User.AdminUser;
import User.NormalUser;
import User.User;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    
    
    public static User func() {
    
    
        System.out.println("请输入你的姓名：");
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        String name = sc.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请选择你的身份：1.管理员；2.用户");
        int choice = sc.nextInt();
        if (choice==1){
    
    
            return new AdminUser(name);
        } else {
    
    
            return new NormalUser(name);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
        User user = func();
        BookList bookList = new BookList();
        while (true) {
    
    
            int choice = user.menu();
            user.DoWork(choice, bookList);
        }
    }
}

五、效果展示

具体功能较多，就不一一演示了，我们给出部分运行结果如下：