Oracle 常用操作实例汇总

Oracle 常用操作实例汇总

查看表空间大小

SELECT t.tablespace_name, round(SUM(bytes / (1024 * 1024)), 0) ts_size 
FROM dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d 
WHERE t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name 
GROUP BY t.tablespace_name;

查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小

SELECT tablespace_name, 
file_id, 
file_name, 
round(bytes / (1024 * 1024), 0) total_space
FROM dba_data_files 
ORDER BY tablespace_name;

查看回滚段名称及大小

SELECT segment_name,
       tablespace_name,
       r.status,
       (initial_extent / 1024) initialextent,
       (next_extent / 1024) nextextent,
       max_extents,
       v.curext curextent
  FROM dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v
 WHERE r.segment_id = v.usn(+)
 ORDER BY segment_name;

查看控制文件

SELECT NAME FROM v$controlfile; 

查看日志文件

SELECT MEMBER FROM v$logfile; 

查看表空间使用情况

SELECT SUM(bytes) / (1024 * 1024) AS free_space, tablespace_name 
FROM dba_free_space 
GROUP BY tablespace_name;
 
SELECT a.tablespace_name, 
a.bytes total, 
b.bytes used, 
c.bytes free, 
(b.bytes * 100) / a.bytes "% USED ", 
(c.bytes * 100) / a.bytes "% FREE " 
FROM sys.sm$ts_avail a, sys.sm$ts_used b, sys.sm$ts_free c 
WHERE a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name 
AND a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name; 



select a.tablespace_name,
       a.total_G,
       b.fee_G,
       (a.total_G - b.fee_G) / a.total_G as "used%"
  from (select a.tablespace_name,
               sum(a.bytes) / 1024 / 1024 / 1024 As total_G
          from dba_data_files a
         group by a.tablespace_name) a
  left join (select a.tablespace_name,
                    sum(a.bytes) / 1024 / 1024 / 1024 as fee_G
               from dba_free_space a
              group by a.tablespace_name) b
    on a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name
 order by 4 desc;


select a.tablespace_name,
       a.bytes / 1024 / 1024 "Sum MB",
       (a.bytes - b.bytes) / 1024 / 1024 "used MB",
       b.bytes / 1024 / 1024 "free MB",   
       round(((a.bytes - b.bytes) / a.bytes) * 100, 2) "percent_used %"
  from (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) bytes
          from dba_data_files
         group by tablespace_name) a,      
       (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) bytes, max(bytes) largest
          from dba_free_space
         group by tablespace_name) b
 where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name
 order by ((a.bytes - b.bytes) / a.bytes) desc;

查看数据库对象

SELECT owner, object_type, status, COUNT(*) count#
  FROM all_objects
 GROUP BY owner, object_type, status;

查看数据库版本

SELECT version
  FROM product_component_version
 WHERE substr(product, 1, 6) = 'Oracle';

查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式

SELECT created, log_mode, log_mode FROM v$database; 

临时表空间的使用情况

Select f.tablespace_name,
       sum(f.bytes_free + f.bytes_used) / 1024 / 1024 / 1024 "total GB",
       sum((f.bytes_free + f.bytes_used) - nvl(p.bytes_used, 0)) / 1024 / 1024 / 1024 "Free GB",
       sum(nvl(p.bytes_used, 0)) / 1024 / 1024 / 1024 "Used GB"
  from sys.v_$temp_space_header f,
       dba_temp_files           d,
       sys.v_$temp_extent_pool  p
 where f.tablespace_name(+) = d.tablespace_name
   and f.file_id(+) = d.file_id
   and p.file_id(+) = d.file_id
 group by f.tablespace_name;

具体到某个SID临时表空间使用情况

select b.tablespace,
       b.segfile#,
       b.segblk#,
       b.blocks,
       b.blocks * 32 / 1024 / 1024,
       a.sid,
       a.serial#,
       a.username,
       a.osuser,
       a.status,
       c.sql_text,
       b.contents
  from v$session a, v$sort_usage b, v$sql c
 where a.saddr = b.session_addr
   and a.sql_address = c.address(+)
 order by b.blocks desc;

查看表空间名称、id，文件存储位置,初始大小

select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name, bytes/1024/1024/1024
  from dba_data_files
 order by file_id;

修改表空间大小

alter database datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/useSpacer.dbf' resize 1000M;

修改表空间大小:增加数据文件

alter tablespace USERSPACE add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/USERSPACE2.dbf' size 500M  autoextend on next 10M maxsize 20G;;

创建用户

create user smart identified by smart default tablespace MAODOUDATA temporary tablespace MAODOUTEMP;

创建数据文件

create tablespace MAODOUDATA datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/data_01.dbf'
size 32g autoextend on next 10M maxsize 2048m;

创建临时表空间

create temporary tablespace MAODOUTEMP tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/temp_01.dbf' 
size 20m 
autoextend on next 10M maxsize 50m;

创建索引表空间

create tablespace MAODOUINDEX  datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/index.dbf' 
size 20g
autoextend on next 10M maxsize  1024m;

修改用户数据表空间

select 'alter table  '|| table_name ||'  move tablespace MAODOUDATA;'  from user_tables;

修改用户索引表空间

select 'alter index '|| index_name ||' rebuild tablespace tablespacename;' from user_indexes;

删除用户-及级联关系也删除

drop user 用户名称 cascade;

删除表空间

drop tablespace USERSPACE;

删除表空间-及对应的表空间文件也删除掉

drop tablespace 表空间名称 including contents and datafiles cascade constraint;

查看当前归档日志目录

SQL> show parameter recovery

更改归档日志目录

SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/archivelog' scope=spfile;

更改归档日志目录大小

SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=4096m scope=spfile;

检查Oracle示例状态

select instance_name,host_name,startup_time,status,database_status from v$instance;

检查Oracle在线日志状态

select group#,status,type,member from v$logfile; 

检查Oracle表空间的状态

select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces; 

检查Oracle所有数据文件状态

select name,status from v$datafile;

解锁用户-管理员权限

alter user scott account unlock;

锁定用户-管理员权限

alter user scott account lock;

监听

启动监听
SQL>lsnrctl start
停止监听
SQL>lsnrctl stop
查看监听状态
SQL>lsnrctl status

启动数据库

SQL>startup
停止数据库
SQL>shutdown immediate
远程连接数据库
SQL>sqlplus /nolog
SQL>conn system/oracle@ip:port/sid as sysdba
直接运行
启动数据库脚本
dbstart

修改数据库连接数

连接数
修改连接数
alter system set processes=1000 scope=spfile;
shutdown immediate;
startup;
查看用户当前连接数
select count(*) from sys.v_$session；

使用pfile启动Oracle实例

使用pfile启动Oracle例程
lsnrctl start
sqlplus /nolog
conn user@instance as sysdba password
create spfile from pfile=’/Oracle/instance/pfile/init.ora.789456123’;
startup

查看Oracle锁表语句

select object_name, machine, s.sid, s.serial#

  from v$locked_object l, dba_objects o, v$session s

where l.object_id　 = 　o.object_id

  and l.session_id = s.sid;

Oracle解锁表方法

 ALTER system kill session 'sid, serial#';
 或
 ALTER system kill session 'sid, serial#' immediate;
 如：ALTER system kill session '324, 23212';
 or
 	ALTER system kill session '324, 23212' immediate;