（python）三个单例模式

#方式一:定义一个类方法实现单例模式
import settings

class Mysql:
    __instance=None
    def __init__(self,host,port):
        self.host=host
        self.port=port

    @classmethod
    def singleton(cls):
        if not cls.__instance:
            cls.__instance=cls(settings.HOST,settings.PORT)
        return cls.__instance

obj1=Mysql('1.1.1.2',3306)
obj2=Mysql('1.1.1.3',3307)
print(obj1 is obj2) #False

obj3=Mysql.singleton()
obj4=Mysql.singleton()
print(obj3 is obj4) #True



#方式二：定制元类实现单例模式
import settings

class Mymeta(type):
    def __init__(self,name,bases,dic): #定义类Mysql时就触发

        # 事先先从配置文件中取配置来造一个Mysql的实例出来
        self.__instance = object.__new__(self)  # 产生对象
        self.__init__(self.__instance, settings.HOST, settings.PORT)  # 初始化对象
        # 上述两步可以合成下面一步
        # self.__instance=super().__call__(*args,**kwargs)
        super().__init__(name,bases,dic)

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs): #Mysql(...)时触发
        if args or kwargs: # args或kwargs内有值
            obj=object.__new__(self)
            self.__init__(obj,*args,**kwargs)
            return obj

        return self.__instance




class Mysql(metaclass=Mymeta):
    def __init__(self,host,port):
        self.host=host
        self.port=port

#
#
obj1=Mysql() # 没有传值则默认从配置文件中读配置来实例化，所有的实例应该指向一个内存地址
obj2=Mysql()
obj3=Mysql()

print(obj1 is obj2 is obj3)

obj4=Mysql('1.1.1.4',3307)
print(obj1 is obj4)


# 方式三:定义一个装饰器实现单例模式
import settings

def singleton(cls): #cls=Mysql
    _instance=cls(settings.HOST,settings.PORT)

    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        if args or kwargs:
            obj=cls(*args,**kwargs)
            return obj
        return _instance

    return wrapper

@singleton # Mysql=Singleton(Mysql)
class Mysql:
    def __init__(self,host,port):
        self.host=host
        self.port=port

obj1=Mysql()
obj2=Mysql()
obj3=Mysql()
print(obj1 is obj2 is obj3) #True

obj4=Mysql('1.1.1.3',3307)
obj5=Mysql('1.1.1.4',3308)
print(obj3 is obj4) #Fals