开发工具汇总——爬虫、图像增强等

写在前面

本篇博客整理了一些平时开发时用到的有用工具，包括爬虫、图像增强等。

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从google/baidu爬取图片

baidu：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import os
import re
import urllib
import json
import socket
import urllib.request
import urllib.parse
import urllib.error
# 设置超时
import time

timeout = 5
socket.setdefaulttimeout(timeout)


class Crawler:
    # 睡眠时长
    __time_sleep = 0.1
    __amount = 0
    __start_amount = 0
    __counter = 0
    headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:23.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/23.0'}

    # 获取图片url内容等
    # t 下载图片时间间隔
    def __init__(self, t=0.1):
        self.time_sleep = t

    # 获取后缀名从
    def get_suffix(self, name):
        m = re.search(r'\.[^\.]*$', name)
        if m.group(0) and len(m.group(0)) <= 5:
            return m.group(0)
        else:
            return '.jpeg'

    # 获取referrer，用于生成referrer
    def get_referrer(self, url):
        par = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
        if par.scheme:
            return par.scheme + '://' + par.netloc
        else:
            return par.netloc

        # 保存图片
    def save_image(self, rsp_data, word):
        if not os.path.exists("./" + word):
            os.mkdir("./" + word)
        # 判断名字是否重复，获取图片长度
        self.__counter = len(os.listdir('./' + word)) + 1
        if self.__counter>3000:
            return
        for image_info in rsp_data['imgs']:

            try:
                time.sleep(self.time_sleep)
                suffix = self.get_suffix(image_info['objURL'])
                # 指定UA和referrer，减少403
                refer = self.get_referrer(image_info['objURL'])
                opener = urllib.request.build_opener()
                opener.addheaders = [
                    ('User-agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:55.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/55.0'),
                    ('Referer', refer)
                ]
                urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
                # 保存图片
                urllib.request.urlretrieve(image_info['objURL'], './' + word + '/' + str(self.__counter) + str(suffix))
            except urllib.error.HTTPError as urllib_err:
                print(urllib_err)
                continue
            except Exception as err:
                time.sleep(1)
                print(err)
                print("产生未知错误，放弃保存")
                continue
            else:
                print("小黄图+1,已有" + str(self.__counter) + "张小黄图")
                self.__counter += 1
        return

    # 开始获取
    def get_images(self, word='美女'):
        search = urllib.parse.quote(word)
        # pn int 图片数
        pn = self.__start_amount
        while pn < self.__amount:

            url = 'http://image.baidu.com/search/avatarjson?tn=resultjsonavatarnew&ie=utf-8&word=' + search + '&cg=girl&pn=' + str(
                pn) + '&rn=60&itg=0&z=0&fr=&width=&height=&lm=-1&ic=0&s=0&st=-1&gsm=1e0000001e'

            # url = 'https://www.google.com/search?q=' + search + '&source=lnms&tbm=isch'

            # url = 'http://image.baidu.com/search/index?tn=baiduimage&fm=result&ie=utf-8&word=%E5%8A%9E%E8%AF%81'
            # 设置header防ban
            try:
                time.sleep(self.time_sleep)
                req = urllib.request.Request(url=url, headers=self.headers)
                page = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
                rsp = page.read().decode('unicode_escape')
            except UnicodeDecodeError as e:
                print(e)
                print('-----UnicodeDecodeErrorurl:', url)
            except urllib.error.URLError as e:
                print(e)
                print("-----urlErrorurl:", url)
            except socket.timeout as e:
                print(e)
                print("-----socket timout:", url)
            else:
                # 解析json
                rsp_data = json.loads(rsp)
                self.save_image(rsp_data, word)
                # 读取下一页
                print("下载下一页")
                pn += 60
            finally:
                page.close()
        print("下载任务结束")
        return

    def start(self, word, spider_page_num=1, start_page=1):
        """
        爬虫入口
        :param word: 抓取的关键词
        :param spider_page_num: 需要抓取数据页数 总抓取图片数量为 页数x60
        :param start_page:起始页数
        :return:
        """
        self.__start_amount = (start_page - 1) * 60
        self.__amount = spider_page_num * 60 + self.__start_amount
        self.get_images(word)

keywords = ["关键词"]
# keywords = [line.strip() for line in open('list.txt')]

if __name__ == '__main__':
    crawler = Crawler(0.05)  # 抓取延迟为 0.05
    for keyword_ in keywords:
        if os.path.exists('data/'+keyword_+' logo'):
            continue
        try:
            # crawler.start(keyword_+' ', 1, 1)  # 抓取关键词为 “美女”，总数为 1 页（即总共 1*60=60 张），开始页码为 2
            crawler.start(keyword_, 1, 1)  # 抓取关键词为 “美女”，总数为 1 页（即总共 1*60=60 张），开始页码为 2
        except:
            continue

google:

• 代码：

利用的是github代码

• 指令：

googleimagesdownload -k "职业资格证书" -l 20

• 遇到问题：

如果输入中文关键词，提示“UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe5 in position 1: ordinal not in range(128)”应该是Python版本的问题，用pip3 install google_images_download可以解决