SaltStack States 2——配置管理从这里开始

配置管理从这里开始

1、查看所有 states 列表

[root@SaltMaster1(10.182.88.136)]$~:>salt '*' sys.list_state_modules
10.182.76.78:
    - alias
    - alternatives
    - archive
    - artifactory
    - beacon
    - bigip
    - blockdev
    - buildout
    - ceph
    - chronos_job
    - cloud
    - cmd
    - composer
    - cron
    - ……

2、查看指定file.states的所有function

查看file.states的所有function，命令如下所示：

[root@SaltMaster1(10.182.88.136)]$~:>salt '10.182.76.78' sys.list_state_functions file
10.182.76.78:
    - file.absent
    - file.accumulated
    - file.append
    - file.blockreplace
    - file.cached
    - file.comment
    - file.copy
    - file.decode
    - file.directory
    - file.exists
    - file.line
    - file.managed
    - file.missing
    - file.mknod
    - file.mod_run_check_cmd
    - file.not_cached
    - file.patch
    - file.prepend
    - file.recurse
    - file.rename
    - file.replace
    - file.retention_schedule
    - file.sdecode
    - file.serialize
    - file.shortcut
    - file.symlink
    - file.touch
    - file.uncomment

3、查看指定states用法

要查看file.states的详细用法与例子，命令如下所示：

[root@SaltMaster1(10.182.88.136)]$~:>salt '10.182.76.78' sys.state_doc file|more
10.182.76.78:
    ----------
    file:
        
        Operations on regular files, special files, directories, and symlinks
        =====================================================================
        
        Salt States can aggressively manipulate files on a system. There are a number
        of ways in which files can be managed.
        
        Regular files can be enforced with the :mod:`file.managed
        <salt.states.file.managed>` state. This state downloads files from the salt
        master and places them on the target system. Managed files can be rendered as a
        jinja, mako, or wempy template, adding a dynamic component to file management.
        An example of :mod:`file.managed <salt.states.file.managed>` which makes use of
        the jinja templating system would look like this:
        
            /etc/http/conf/http.conf:
              file.managed:
                - source: salt://apache/http.conf
                - user: root
                - group: root
                - mode: 644
                - attrs: ai
                - template: jinja
                - defaults:
                    custom_var: "default value"
                    other_var: 123
            {% if grains['os'] == 'Ubuntu' %}
                - context:
                    custom_var: "override"
            {% endif %}
        
        It is also possible to use the :mod:`py renderer <salt.renderers.py>` as a
        templating option. The template would be a Python script which would need to
        contain a function called ``run()``, which returns a string. All arguments
        to the state will be made available to the Python script as globals. The
        returned string will be the contents of the managed file. For example:
        
            def run():
                lines = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
                lines.extend([source, name, user, context])  # Arguments as globals
                return '\n\n'.join(lines)
　　　　……

由于结果显示行数较多，这里只贴出前部分。里面介绍了file所有states资源的用法与介绍，在我们日常编写states工作中，只需要按照例子编写即可。

4、查看指定states指定function用法

要查看file.managed states的详细用法与例子，命令如下所示：

[root@SaltMaster1(10.182.88.136)]$~:>salt '10.182.76.78' sys.state_doc file.managed|more
10.182.76.78:
    ----------
    file:
        
        Operations on regular files, special files, directories, and symlinks
        =====================================================================
        
        Salt States can aggressively manipulate files on a system. There are a number
        of ways in which files can be managed.
        
        Regular files can be enforced with the :mod:`file.managed
        <salt.states.file.managed>` state. This state downloads files from the salt
        master and places them on the target system. Managed files can be rendered as a
        jinja, mako, or wempy template, adding a dynamic component to file management.
        An example of :mod:`file.managed <salt.states.file.managed>` which makes use of
        the jinja templating system would look like this:
        
            /etc/http/conf/http.conf:
              file.managed:
                - source: salt://apache/http.conf
                - user: root
                - group: root
                - mode: 644
                - attrs: ai
                - template: jinja
                - defaults:
                    custom_var: "default value"
                    other_var: 123
            {% if grains['os'] == 'Ubuntu' %}
                - context:
                    custom_var: "override"
            {% endif %}
        
        It is also possible to use the :mod:`py renderer <salt.renderers.py>` as a
        templating option. The template would be a Python script which would need to
        contain a function called ``run()``, which returns a string. All arguments
        to the state will be made available to the Python script as globals. The
        returned string will be the contents of the managed file. For example:
        
            def run():
                lines = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
                lines.extend([source, name, user, context])  # Arguments as globals
                return '\n\n'.join(lines)
--More--

5、从一个简单的实例去了解states

　　上面介绍的是通过命令查看states相关的知识。下面我们开始通过一些小例子来实现一个简单的配置管理工作，这里引出的例子只是为了介绍states的一些流程与使用。

• 编写top.sls文件(非必须)
• 编写states.sls文件

　　在