ORACLE APEX 21.2安装及一键部署

本文记录下从一个新环境从0开始如何安装Oralce及APEX的，基础知识可参考之前文章：
https://blog.csdn.net/x6_9x/article/details/116260464?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501

目标环境

操作系统：CentOS7

数据库：Oracle 19C

Web服务器 apache-tomcat-9.0.45

ORDS:官网最新

JDK:系统自带的OPEN JDK 11

安装Oracle 19C数据库-采用RPM包形式安装

18C之前安装oracle数据库一步一步有点麻烦，要么使用图形化指导安装或者配置参数文件进行静默安装。oracle"与时俱进"自从18C开始才推出了采用rpm包安装的方式，今天我们来体验一把，只需要5个命令就能得到一个带CDB和PDB的数据库。

配置秘钥兼容ORACLE LINUX

wget https://yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol7 -O /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpg --quiet --with-fingerprint /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle

配置YUM源

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/oracle.repo http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol7.repo
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo  http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache

安装依赖包及配置系统账号参数

yum -y install oracle-database-preinstall-19c

这个命令做了很多工作，调整内核参数、创建数据库用户和组，安装依赖包。

安装数据库

准备工作：将下载的rpm包放到/tmp目录下，cd到/tmp目录

yum install -y oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

安装完成后，如果需要更改默认数据文件的位置可以到 /etc/sysconfig/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c.conf 配置文件去修改，修改完成后。可以执行数据库配置工作了。

/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure

上面这个脚本本质是调用DBCA进行数据库静默配置，只是官方进一步封装了，用起来更友好。

APEX 安装

su - oracle
cd $ORACLE_HOME/apex
--切换到PDB
alter session set container=$ORACLE_PDB;
--创建专用表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE apex DATAFILE '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_PDB/apex01.dbf'
        SIZE 300M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1M;
--安装       
@apexins.sql APEX APEX TEMP /i/
--修改管理员密码
@apxchpwd.sql
--解锁APEX_PUBLIC_USER账号及密码
ALTER USER APEX_PUBLIC_USER ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
ALTER USER APEX_PUBLIC_USER IDENTIFIED BY APEX_PUBLIC_USER;
--启用REST(设置APEX_LISTENER 和APEX_REST_PUBLIC_USER  密码)
@apex_rest_config.sql
--安装语言包（APEX_210200 ）
cd builder/zh-cn
ALTER SESSION SET CURRENT_SCHEMA = APEX_210200;
@load_zh-cn.sql
--配置网络策略
BEGIN
    DBMS_NETWORK_ACL_ADMIN.APPEND_HOST_ACE(
        host => '*',
        ace => xs$ace_type(privilege_list => xs$name_list('connect'),
                           principal_name => 'APEX_210200',
                           principal_type => xs_acl.ptype_db));
END;
/

Tomcat 安装

tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-9.0.45.tar.gz
useradd -d /data/tomcat/home -s /bin/bash tomcat
chown -R tomcat:tomcat /data/tomcat


cat > /etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=Apache Tomcat 9 Servlet Container
Wants=network.target
After=network.target

[Service]
User=tomcat
Group=tomcat
Type=forking
UMask=0007
RestartSec=10
ExecStart=/data/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.45/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/data/tomcat/apache-tomcat-9.0.45/bin/shutdown.sh
SuccessExitStatus=143
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

配置ORDS

切换到tomcat用户下

java -jar ords.war install advanced # 卸载命令是：java -jar ords.war uninstall

配置如下

This Oracle REST Data Services instance has not yet been configured.
Please complete the following prompts


Enter the location to store configuration data: config
Specify the database connection type to use.
Enter number for [1] Basic  [2] TNS  [3] Custom URL [1]:
Enter the name of the database server [localhost]:localhost
Enter the database listen port [1521]:
Enter 1 to specify the database service name, or 2 to specify the database SID [1]:
Enter the database service name:UAT
Enter 1 if you want to verify/install Oracle REST Data Services schema or 2 to skip this step [1]:
Enter the database password for ORDS_PUBLIC_USER:
Confirm password:
Requires to login with administrator privileges to verify Oracle REST Data Services schema.

Enter the administrator username:sys
Enter the database password for sys:
Confirm password:
Connecting to database user: sys url: jdbc:oracle:thin:@//localhost:1521/UAT

Retrieving information.
Enter the default tablespace for ORDS_METADATA [SYSAUX]:APEX_INSTALL
Enter the temporary tablespace for ORDS_METADATA [TEMP1]:TEMP_APEX
Enter the default tablespace for ORDS_PUBLIC_USER [SYSAUX]:APEX_INSTALL
Enter the temporary tablespace for ORDS_PUBLIC_USER [TEMP1]:TEMP_APEX
Enter 1 if you want to use PL/SQL Gateway or 2 to skip this step.
If using Oracle Application Express or migrating from mod_plsql then you must enter 1 [1]:
Enter the PL/SQL Gateway database user name [APEX_PUBLIC_USER]:APEX_PUBLIC_USER
Enter the database password for APEX_PUBLIC_USER:
Confirm password:
Enter 1 to specify passwords for Application Express RESTful Services database users (APEX_LISTENER, APEX_REST_PUBLIC_USER) or 2 to skip this step [1]:
Enter the database password for APEX_LISTENER:
Confirm password:
Enter the database password for APEX_REST_PUBLIC_USER:
Confirm password:
Enter a number to select a feature to enable:
   [1] SQL Developer Web  (Enables all features)
   [2] REST Enabled SQL
   [3] Database API
   [4] REST Enabled SQL and Database API
   [5] None
Choose [1]:
2021-04-22T05:43:10.479Z INFO        reloaded pools: []
Installing Oracle REST Data Services version 20.4.3.r0501904
... Log file written to /home/tomcat/ords_install_core_2021-04-22_134310_00605.log
... Verified database prerequisites
... Created Oracle REST Data Services proxy user
... Created Oracle REST Data Services schema
... Granted privileges to Oracle REST Data Services
... Created Oracle REST Data Services database objects
... Log file written to /home/tomcat/ords_install_datamodel_2021-04-22_134331_00645.log
... Log file written to /home/tomcat/ords_install_apex_2021-04-22_134332_00859.log
Completed installation for Oracle REST Data Services version 20.4.3.r0501904. Elapsed time: 00:00:23.882 

Enter 1 if you wish to start in standalone mode or 2 to exit [1]:2

如果在生产环境建议创建一个ORDS_INSTALL专用用户，然后用ords自带的脚本@ords_installer_privileges.sql授权，来替代用sys连接数据库，参考命令：

create user ords_install
  identified by xxxxxx
  default tablespace APEX
  temporary tablespace TEMP_APEX;

配置Tomcat

将上一步产生的ords.war及apex的images复制到tomcat的webapps目录下，启动tomcat

优化：一键部署

可以考虑一键部署，参考Oracle官方封装的vagrant脚本，来源

https://github.com/oracle/vagrant-projects/tree/main/OracleAPEX/scripts

下面粘贴如下，可以参考学习之，看看老外是怎么写shell脚本及注释的，写的是真规范。

安装数据库的

#!/bin/bash
#
# LICENSE UPL 1.0
#
# Copyright © 1982-2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
# Licensed under the Universal Permissive License v 1.0 as shown at http://oss.oracle.com/licenses/upl.
#
#    NAME
#      database.sh
#
#    DESCRIPTION
#      Install and Configure Oracle Database XE 18.4
#
#    NOTES
#       DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS HEADER.
#
#    AUTHOR
#       Simon Coter
#
#    MODIFIED   (MM/DD/YY)
#    scoter     03/19/19 - Creation
#

# set environment variables
echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle" >> /home/oracle/.bashrc && \
echo "export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE" >> /home/oracle/.bashrc && \
echo "export ORACLE_SID=XE" >> /home/oracle/.bashrc && \
echo "export PATH=\$PATH:\$ORACLE_HOME/bin" >> /home/oracle/.bashrc

timedatectl set-timezone "$SYSTEM_TIMEZONE"
echo 'INSTALLER: Timezone updated'

echo 'INSTALLER: Environment variables set'

echo 'INSTALLER: Oracle Database Installation Started up'

# Install Oracle
yum -y localinstall /vagrant/oracle-database-xe-18c-*.x86_64.rpm

echo 'INSTALLER: Oracle software installed'

# Auto generate ORACLE PWD if not passed on
export ORACLE_PWD=${ORACLE_PWD:-"`openssl rand -base64 8`1"}

# Create database
mv /etc/sysconfig/oracle-xe-18c.conf /etc/sysconfig/oracle-xe-18c.conf.original && \
cp /vagrant/ora-response/oracle-xe-18c.conf.tmpl /etc/sysconfig/oracle-xe-18c.conf && \
chmod g+w /etc/sysconfig/oracle-xe-18c.conf && \
sed -i -e "s|###ORACLE_CHARACTERSET###|$ORACLE_CHARACTERSET|g" /etc/sysconfig/oracle-xe-18c.conf && \
sed -i -e "s|###ORACLE_PWD###|$ORACLE_PWD|g" /etc/sysconfig/oracle-xe-18c.conf

# required for database creation
. /home/oracle/.bashrc
su - oracle -c "mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin"

# start listener and datbase configuration
/etc/init.d/oracle-xe-18c configure

echo 'INSTALLER: Database created'

# add tns entry for XEPDB1
chmod o+r /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# add tnsnames.ora entry for PDB
echo 'XEPDB1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = XEPDB1)
    )
  )
' >> /opt/oracle/product/18c/dbhomeXE/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

echo 'INSTALLER: TNS entry added'

# configure systemd to start oracle instance on startup
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable oracle-xe-18c
systemctl restart oracle-xe-18c
echo "INSTALLER: Created and enabled oracle-xe-18c systemd's service"

# enable global port for EM Express
su -l oracle -c 'sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
   EXEC DBMS_XDB_CONFIG.SETGLOBALPORTENABLED (TRUE);
   exit
EOF'

echo 'INSTALLER: Global EM Express port enabled'

echo $ORACLE_PWD > /vagrant/apex-pwd

echo "ORACLE PASSWORD FOR SYS, SYSTEM AND PDBADMIN: $ORACLE_PWD";

echo "INSTALLER: Installation complete, database ready to use!";

安装APEX的

#!/bin/bash
#
# LICENSE UPL 1.0
#
# Copyright © 1982-2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
# Licensed under the Universal Permissive License v 1.0 as shown at http://oss.oracle.com/licenses/upl.
#
#    NAME
#      apex.sh
#
#    DESCRIPTION
#      Execute Oracle Application Express installation and configuration
#
#    NOTES
#       DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS HEADER.
#
#    AUTHOR
#       Simon Coter
#
#    MODIFIED   (MM/DD/YY)
#    scoter     03/19/19 - Creation
#

. /home/oracle/.bashrc 

export ORACLE_PWD=`cat /vagrant/apex-pwd`
ORACLE_PDB="`ls -dl $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/$ORACLE_SID/*/ | grep -v pdbseed | awk '{print $9}' | cut -d/ -f6`"
echo "export ORACLE_PDB=$ORACLE_PDB" >> /home/oracle/.bashrc

# Install new apex release
cd $ORACLE_HOME
APEX_INSTALL=$(find /vagrant -maxdepth 1 -name "apex_*.*.zip" -type f | tail -1)

if [[ -z ${APEX_INSTALL} || ! -r "${APEX_INSTALL}" ]]; then
  echo 'INSTALLER: Could not find APEX installer file. Exiting.'
  exit 1
fi

unzip $APEX_INSTALL
chown -R oracle:oinstall $ORACLE_HOME/apex
cd -

echo 'INSTALLER: Updated APEX extracted to the ORACLE_HOME'

# Prepare APEX tablespaces
su -l oracle -c "sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
	ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/$ORACLE_SID/system01.dbf' resize 1024m;
	ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/$ORACLE_SID/sysaux01.dbf' resize 1024m;
	alter session set container=$ORACLE_PDB;
	CREATE TABLESPACE apex DATAFILE '$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_PDB/apex01.dbf'
        SIZE 300M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1M;
	exit;
EOF"

echo 'INSTALLER: APEX tablespaces created'

# Install APEX into the PDB Oracle Database
su -l oracle -c "cd $ORACLE_HOME/apex; sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
	alter session set container=$ORACLE_PDB;
	@apexins.sql APEX APEX TEMP /i/
	exit;
EOF"

echo 'INSTALLER: Oracle APEX Installation completed'

# unlock APEX_PUBLIC_USER
su -l oracle -c "cd $ORACLE_HOME/apex; sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
	alter session set container=$ORACLE_PDB;
	alter user APEX_PUBLIC_USER identified by \"${ORACLE_PWD}\" account unlock;
	exit;
EOF"

# Create the APEX Instance Administration user and set the password
su -l oracle -c "sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
	alter session set container=$ORACLE_PDB;
	begin
	    apex_util.set_security_group_id( 10 );
	    apex_util.create_user(
	        p_user_name => 'ADMIN',
	        p_email_address => '[email protected]',
	        p_web_password => '${ORACLE_PWD}',
	        p_developer_privs => 'ADMIN' );
	    apex_util.set_security_group_id( null );
	    commit;
	end;
	/
	exit;
EOF"

# config APEX REST and set the passwords of APEX_REST_PUBLIC_USER and APEX_LISTENER
su -l oracle -c "cd $ORACLE_HOME/apex; sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
        alter session set container=$ORACLE_PDB;
        @apex_rest_config_core.sql $ORACLE_HOME/apex/ ${ORACLE_PWD} ${ORACLE_PWD}
        exit;
EOF"

# Create a network ACE for APEX (this is used when consuming Web services or sending outbound mail)
cat > /tmp/apex-ace.sql << EOF
        alter session set container=$ORACLE_PDB;
        declare
            l_acl_path varchar2(4000);
            l_apex_schema varchar2(100);
        begin
            for c1 in (select schema
                         from sys.dba_registry
                        where comp_id = 'APEX') loop
                l_apex_schema := c1.schema;
            end loop;
            sys.dbms_network_acl_admin.append_host_ace(
                host => '*',
                ace => xs\$ace_type(privilege_list => xs\$name_list('connect'),
                principal_name => l_apex_schema,
                principal_type => xs_acl.ptype_db));
            commit;
        end;
	/
	exit;
EOF
su -l oracle -c "sqlplus / as sysdba @/tmp/apex-ace.sql"
rm -f /tmp/apex-ace.sql

echo 'INSTALLER: Oracle APEX Configuration completed'

ORDS配置

官方的这个使用的Oracle自带的http网关，没有使用tomcat。

#!/bin/bash
#
# LICENSE UPL 1.0
#
# Copyright © 1982-2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
# Licensed under the Universal Permissive License v 1.0 as shown at http://oss.oracle.com/licenses/upl.
#
#    NAME
#      ords.sh
#
#    DESCRIPTION
#      Execute Oracle Rest Data Services installation and configuration
#
#    NOTES
#       DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS HEADER.
#
#    AUTHOR
#       Simon Coter
#
#    MODIFIED   (MM/DD/YY)
#    scoter     03/19/19 - Creation
#

. /home/oracle/.bashrc 

export ORACLE_PWD=`cat /vagrant/apex-pwd`
rm -f /vagrant/apex-pwd

# Install ORDS
mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/ords
export ORDS_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/ords
echo "export ORDS_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/ords" >> /home/oracle/.bashrc
cd  $ORDS_HOME
ORDS_INSTALL=$(find /vagrant -maxdepth 1 -name "ords[_-]*.*.zip" -type f | tail -1)

if [[ -z ${ORDS_INSTALL} || ! -r "${ORDS_INSTALL}" ]]; then
  echo 'INSTALLER: Could not find ORDS installer file. Exiting.'
  exit 1
fi

unzip $ORDS_INSTALL
chown -R oracle:oinstall $ORDS_HOME

echo 'INSTALLER: Oracle Rest Data Services extracted to ORACLE_BASE'

# Create config directory
su -l oracle -c "$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin/java -jar $ORDS_HOME/ords.war configdir $ORDS_HOME/config"
su -l oracle -c "mkdir -p $ORDS_HOME/config/ords/standalone"
su -l oracle -c "mkdir -p $ORDS_HOME/config/ords/doc_root"

# Configure ORDS
cat > $ORDS_HOME/params/ords_params.properties << EOF
db.hostname=localhost
db.port=1521
# CUSTOMIZE db.servicename
db.servicename=${ORACLE_PDB}
db.username=APEX_PUBLIC_USER
db.password=${ORACLE_PWD}
migrate.apex.rest=false
plsql.gateway.add=true
rest.services.apex.add=true
rest.services.ords.add=true
schema.tablespace.default=SYSAUX
schema.tablespace.temp=TEMP
sys.user=sys
sys.password=${ORACLE_PWD}
standalone.mode=TRUE
standalone.http.port=8080
standalone.use.https=false
# CUSTOMIZE standalone.static.images to point to the directory 
# containing the images directory of your APEX distribution
standalone.static.images=${ORACLE_HOME}/apex/images
user.apex.listener.password=${ORACLE_PWD}
user.apex.restpublic.password=${ORACLE_PWD}
user.public.password=oracle
user.tablespace.default=SYSAUX
user.tablespace.temp=TEMP
EOF

su -l oracle -c "cd $ORACLE_HOME/apex; sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
        alter session set container=$ORACLE_PDB;
        alter user APEX_LISTENER identified by \"${ORACLE_PWD}\" account unlock;
        alter user APEX_REST_PUBLIC_USER identified by \"${ORACLE_PWD}\" account unlock;
        exit;
EOF"

cat > $ORDS_HOME/config/ords/standalone/standalone.properties << EOF
jetty.port=8080
standalone.context.path=/ords
standalone.doc.root=$ORDS_HOME/config/ords/doc_root
standalone.scheme.do.not.prompt=true
standalone.static.context.path=/i
standalone.static.path=$ORACLE_HOME/apex/images
EOF

# Fix permissions on ORDS standalone directories
chown -R oracle:oinstall $ORACLE_BASE/ords

echo 'INSTALLER: Oracle Rest Data Services configuration created'

# Create and configure ORDS Database Users/Objects
su -l oracle -c "$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin/java -jar $ORDS_HOME/ords.war setup --parameterFile $ORDS_HOME/params/ords_params.properties --silent"

echo 'INSTALLER: Oracle Rest Data Services installation completed'

# Start ORDS service
export JAVA_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin
cat > /etc/systemd/system/ords.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Start Oracle REST Data Services
After=oracle-xe-18c.service

[Service]
User=oracle
ExecStart=${JAVA_HOME}/java -jar ${ORDS_HOME}/ords.war
StandardOutput=syslog
SyslogIdentifier=ords

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl enable --now ords
echo 'INSTALLER: Oracle Rest Data Services started'

echo ""
echo "INSTALLER: APEX/ORDS Installation Completed";
echo "INSTALLER: You can access APEX by your Host Operating System at following URL:";
echo "INSTALLER: http://localhost:8080/ords/";
echo "INSTALLER: Access granted with:";
echo "INSTALLER: Workspace: internal";
echo "INSTALLER: Username:  admin";
echo "INSTALLER: Password:  ${ORACLE_PWD}";
echo ""

参考资料

本文部分代码复制自下面文章

https://blog.csdn.net/shilukun/article/details/107055848

https://blog.csdn.net/bisal/article/details/100909708

https://yum.oracle.com/getting-started.html#installing-software-from-oracle-linux-yum-server

https://yum.oracle.com/faq.html#a10